{"id":93307,"date":"2025-08-15T11:48:29","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T04:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/04\/Timber_trading_obscured2.jpg"},"modified":"2025-10-29T07:17:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T00:17:11","slug":"great-green-wall-lessons-restoring-land-peace-sahel-horn-africa-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/93307\/great-green-wall-lessons-restoring-land-peace-sahel-horn-africa-2-2","title":{"rendered":"Cinco li\u00e7\u00f5es sobre restaura\u00e7\u00e3o em contextos sens\u00edveis a conflitos"},"content":{"rendered":"

A degrada\u00e7\u00e3o de terra \u00e9 tanto causa como consequ\u00eancia dos conflitos, alimentando um ciclo vicioso que torna as sociedades, economias e ecossistemas cada vez mais vulner\u00e1veis \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e \u00e0 perda de biodiversidade.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Isso \u00e9 especialmente verdadeiro na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, onde a eros\u00e3o do solo e a perda de servi\u00e7os ecossist\u00eamicos amea\u00e7am os meios de subsist\u00eancia de cerca de 500 milh\u00f5es de pessoas. \u00c0 medida que os recursos naturais diminuem, a demanda se intensifica, o que muitas vezes provoca instabilidade, deslocamentos for\u00e7ados e a altera\u00e7\u00e3o de valores culturais.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Restaurar a terra e os ecossistemas degradados pode lan\u00e7ar as bases para a paz, mas apenas se os esfor\u00e7os se basearem na compreens\u00e3o de como atuar em ambientes sens\u00edveis a conflitos. A <\/span>Grande Muralha Verde<\/span><\/a> (GGW, na sigla em ingl\u00eas), uma iniciativa liderada pela \u00c1frica para recuperar 100 milh\u00f5es de hectares em diversos contextos ecol\u00f3gicos e socioecon\u00f4micos \u2014com especial aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s regi\u00f5es do Sahel e do Chifre da \u00c1frica\u2014, oferece um valioso laborat\u00f3rio para testar essas abordagens.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Em 17 de julho, o programa <\/span>Knowledge for Great Green Wall Action<\/span><\/a> (K4GGWA) e o <\/span>Reverdecer a \u00c1frica<\/span><\/a> \u2014ambos codirigidos pelo Centro de Pesquisa Florestal Internacional e Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Agroflorestal (CIFOR-ICRAF) e com o apoio da <\/span>Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/span><\/a> (UE)\u2014 organizaram um evento virtual para explorar como \u00e9 uma restaura\u00e7\u00e3o eficaz em zonas propensas a conflitos.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Aqui apresentamos cinco recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es e <\/span>recursos-chave<\/span><\/a>, ilustrados com estudos de caso de todo o Sahel e do Chifre da \u00c1frica.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Adaptar as estrat\u00e9gias de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 din\u00e2mica do conflito<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

Compreender a natureza dos conflitos nas zonas degradadas, suas causas profundas e os grupos mais afetados \u00e9 essencial para desenhar interven\u00e7\u00f5es inclusivas e duradouras que envolvam os atores adequados e transformem a competi\u00e7\u00e3o em coopera\u00e7\u00e3o a longo prazo.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPara que a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o favore\u00e7a a cura e a resili\u00eancia, devemos prestar aten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s pessoas e \u00e0s din\u00e2micas sociais, pol\u00edticas e econ\u00f4micas em campo\u201d, afirmou Samaila Abdullahi, docente e pesquisador da Universidade Usmanu Danfodiyo, na Nig\u00e9ria.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

No estado de Sokoto, no norte da Nig\u00e9ria, a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o da terra e os conflitos decorrem da sobreposi\u00e7\u00e3o de usos do solo (agricultura e pecu\u00e1ria), da inseguran\u00e7a na posse da terra \u2014especialmente para mulheres e jovens\u2014, da apropria\u00e7\u00e3o corporativa de terras e dos deslocamentos, tudo isso em um contexto de mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

O governo estadual respondeu com esfor\u00e7os h\u00edbridos de constru\u00e7\u00e3o da paz e restaura\u00e7\u00e3o, enraizados na cultura local. Entre eles est\u00e3o um fundo religioso de dota\u00e7\u00e3o ou Waqf para um pomar de t\u00e2maras; cooperativas de moringa para ajudar as mulheres a garantir alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e renda; viveiros e hortas escolares para enfrentar o desemprego juvenil; e \u201cfazendas da paz\u201d em \u00e1reas propensas \u00e0 inseguran\u00e7a.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cO modelo combina apoio institucional com conhecimento local e legitimidade baseada na f\u00e9, o que contribui para a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o e continuidade das iniciativas\u201d, explicou Abdullahi.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Em \u00e1reas sens\u00edveis a conflitos, indicadores ambientais e de constru\u00e7\u00e3o da paz \u2014como seguran\u00e7a alimentar, meios de subsist\u00eancia, participa\u00e7\u00e3o, inclus\u00e3o de g\u00eanero e confian\u00e7a\u2014 s\u00e3o essenciais para monitorar o progresso, acrescentou H\u00e9ctor Morales Mu\u00f1oz, assessor principal do grupo de especialistas adelphi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

2. Facilitar o di\u00e1logo inclusivo<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

A restaura\u00e7\u00e3o que fortalece a coes\u00e3o social requer plataformas inclusivas que re\u00fanam as partes interessadas na tomada de decis\u00f5es e as mantenham envolvidas.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

No planalto de Velingara Ferlo, Senegal, o Instituto Senegal\u00eas de Pesquisa Florestal est\u00e1 testando m\u00e9todos de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de terras para refor\u00e7ar a resili\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica no \u00e2mbito da GGW. O n\u00facleo desses esfor\u00e7os s\u00e3o as unidades pastorais, onde pastores e agricultores acordam como compartilhar a terra e a \u00e1gua, designar \u00e1reas de atividade e cultivar forragem em pastagens para evitar o sobrepastoreio.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMuitos dos conflitos que t\u00ednhamos foram resolvidos, e a unidade pastoral mediar\u00e1 qualquer disputa que possa surgir entre pastores e agricultores\u201d, afirmou Coumba Sambel Dia, vice-presidente da unidade pastoral.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Trabalhar em contextos de inseguran\u00e7a<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

A restaura\u00e7\u00e3o pode apoiar a paz, mas o que acontece quando a inseguran\u00e7a impede que atores externos acessem as \u00e1reas do projeto?<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAlgumas prioridades s\u00e3o fomentar uma forte participa\u00e7\u00e3o comunit\u00e1ria, desenvolver as capacidades t\u00e9cnicas dos atores locais e aproveitar inova\u00e7\u00f5es como aplicativos m\u00f3veis para oferecer orienta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 dist\u00e2ncia\u201d, disse Malefia Tadele, gerente do projeto Reverdecer a \u00c1frica, ao refletir sobre o trabalho nas regi\u00f5es et\u00edopes de Tigray, Oromia e Amhara.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Daoda Traor\u00e9, coordenador regional de Monitoramento, Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e Aprendizagem da ONG burquinense SPONG, concordou: \u201cOs l\u00edderes comunit\u00e1rios s\u00e3o essenciais para manter o impulso quando eclodem conflitos. A coordena\u00e7\u00e3o com as institui\u00e7\u00f5es governamentais tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 fundamental, juntamente com a inclus\u00e3o de l\u00edderes locais, mulheres e jovens, e o planejamento para cobrir os custos adicionais de trabalhar em \u00e1reas inseguras\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Vincular a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o aos meios de subsist\u00eancia<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

Embora restaurar a terra beneficie, a longo prazo, as pessoas e a natureza, vincul\u00e1-la desde o in\u00edcio a atividades geradoras de renda \u00e9 essencial para fomentar a apropria\u00e7\u00e3o local e motivar as comunidades, enfatizou Tadele.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Kodou Choukou Tidjani, diretor-geral da Ag\u00eancia Nacional da Grande Muralha Verde do Chade, refor\u00e7ou esse ponto no contexto das paisagens que acolhem refugiados. No Chade, mais de 1,4 milh\u00e3o de refugiados e solicitantes de asilo exercem press\u00e3o sobre os ecossistemas circundantes, provocando o corte de \u00e1rvores para lenha, eros\u00e3o, diminui\u00e7\u00e3o das fontes de \u00e1gua e aumento das tens\u00f5es com as comunidades anfitri\u00e3s.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Em resposta, a Ag\u00eancia da GGW est\u00e1 ampliando a regenera\u00e7\u00e3o natural assistida ao redor dos campos de refugiados, realizando atividades de reflorestamento e estabelecendo fazendas comunit\u00e1rias que apoiam tanto a popula\u00e7\u00e3o local quanto a deslocada.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

5. Designar a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de terras como prioridade de seguran\u00e7a global<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

A terra sustenta quase todos os aspectos da vida \u2014desde os sistemas alimentares at\u00e9 a biodiversidade e a estabilidade clim\u00e1tica\u2014, mas 40% da superf\u00edcie terrestre mundial j\u00e1 est\u00e1 degradada. A maioria dos pa\u00edses mais vulner\u00e1veis \u00e0 degrada\u00e7\u00e3o e \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 entre os mais fr\u00e1geis.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA UE reconhece plenamente as liga\u00e7\u00f5es entre terra, clima e paz a n\u00edvel pol\u00edtico\u201d, afirmou Bernard Crabb\u00e9, da Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Parcerias Internacionais da Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. \u201cEnfrentar a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental e as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas \u00e9 fundamental para reduzir a instabilidade e o conflito\u201d.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Crabb\u00e9 destacou o regulamento da UE sobre produtos livres de desmatamento e o apoio \u00e0 gest\u00e3o integrada de terras, \u00e0 GGW e aos marcos de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o transfronteiri\u00e7a sobre a \u00e1gua em regi\u00f5es como a bacia do Lago Chade.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e3o podemos enfrentar esses desafios a partir da competi\u00e7\u00e3o geopol\u00edtica\u201d, afirmou. \u201cPrecisamos de coopera\u00e7\u00e3o, fortalecendo as sinergias entre as Conven\u00e7\u00f5es do Rio sobre desertifica\u00e7\u00e3o, clima e biodiversidade\u201d.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Para Morales, assessor da adelphi, o potencial da restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de terras para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o da paz continua subestimado no cen\u00e1rio global:<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA restaura\u00e7\u00e3o deve ascender na agenda internacional como uma quest\u00e3o de seguran\u00e7a humana, paz e desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel. E isso implica financiamento e coopera\u00e7\u00e3o a longo prazo para restaurar a terra na escala e velocidade de que necessitamos\u201d.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A degrada\u00e7\u00e3o de terra \u00e9 tanto causa como consequ\u00eancia dos conflitos, alimentando um ciclo vicioso que torna as sociedades, economias e ecossistemas cada vez mais vulner\u00e1veis \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e \u00e0 perda de biodiversidade. Isso \u00e9 especialmente verdadeiro na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, onde a eros\u00e3o do solo e a perda de servi\u00e7os ecossist\u00eamicos amea\u00e7am os meios […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":454,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[137,173],"tags":[],"language":[2172],"location":[12248],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[5666,2233,12206,7396,3319,7542,2228,12205],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7135],"class_list":["post-93307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-gender-justice-tenure","language-portuguese","location-africa","tag-espanol-africa","tag-espanol-desarrollo-sostenible","tag-espanol-la-gran-muralla-verde","tag-espanol-manejo-forestal-y-restauracion","tag-espanol-medios-de-vida","tag-espanol-paz","tag-espanol-restauracion","tag-espanol-reverdeciendo-africa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCinco 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