{"id":19326,"date":"2013-11-04T17:05:18","date_gmt":"2013-11-04T10:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=19326"},"modified":"2025-09-08T14:41:21","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T07:41:21","slug":"martir-da-amazonia-o-legado-de-chico-mendes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/19326\/martir-da-amazonia-o-legado-de-chico-mendes","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1rtir da Amaz\u00f4nia: o legado de Chico Mendes"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Legacy of Chico Mendes\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GzTddMd7Xz4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u00c9 imposs\u00edvel falar das florestas no Acre, Brasil, sem mencionar o her\u00f3i do estado: seringueiro, l\u00edder sindical e defensor da Amaz\u00f4nia, Chico Mendes.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Seu brutal assassinato h\u00e1 25 anos foi manchete em todo o mundo, e embora a viol\u00eancia contra ativistas na Amaz\u00f4nia <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/environment\/blog\/2013\/apr\/02\/chico-mendes-killings-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">n\u00e3o tenha diminu\u00eddo<\/a>, a morte de Mendes <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">teve um impacto enorme<\/a> no movimento de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Amaz\u00f4nia, e fortaleceu seus apoiadores para lutarem por um novo tipo de desenvolvimento ambientalmente sustent\u00e1vel no Acre.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Chico Mendes cresceu em uma fam\u00edlia pobre pr\u00f3ximo da pequena cidade amaz\u00f4nica de Xapuri, no Acre, na d\u00e9cada de 1940. Seus pais, como muitos outros, tinham mudado para as florestas no oeste da Amaz\u00f4nia para colher l\u00e1tex de seringueiras nativas para <a href=\"https:\/\/repository.library.georgetown.edu\/handle\/10822\/553116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">uso no esfor\u00e7o dos aliados da guerra<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"border: solid 1px #dedede;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Este artigo \u00e9 parte de um pacote de multim\u00eddia sobre a floresta amaz\u00f4nica. Veja mais em <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.cifor.org\/amazonia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">forestsnews.cifor.org\/amazonia<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Aos nove anos de idade, Mendes come\u00e7ou a trabalhar como seringueiro para um grande latifundi\u00e1rio. E, embora nunca tenha recebido educa\u00e7\u00e3o formal, ele aprendeu a ler, ouvia esta\u00e7\u00f5es de r\u00e1dio do exterior e tornou-se muito consciente da explora\u00e7\u00e3o e das injusti\u00e7as, ent\u00e3o ele e seus amigos seringueiros passaram a sofrer nas m\u00e3os dos bar\u00f5es da borracha.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Durante a d\u00e9cada de 1970, os seringueiros do Brasil come\u00e7aram a se organizar. Chico Mendes ajudou a estabelecer um sindicato de trabalhadores rurais em Xapuri e come\u00e7ou a lutar pelos direitos rurais.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Na d\u00e9cada de 1980, eles criaram um poderoso movimento social b\u00e1sico, estabelecendo um Conselho Nacional de Seringueiros e montando uma alian\u00e7a com seringueiros, moradores ribeirinhos e povos ind\u00edgenas que ficou conhecida como \u201cPovos da Floresta\u201d, para lutar pelos direitos dos pobres e contra o desmatamento.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17321\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17321\" style=\"width: 339px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/17295\/martyr-of-the-amazon-the-legacy-of-chico-mendes\/rubber-tapper\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-17321\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-17321\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/rubber-tapper-339x500.jpg\" alt=\"Praveen Tomy\" width=\"339\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17321\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/praveenmt\/2633147601\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Praveen Tomy<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nas d\u00e9cadas de 1970 e 1980, o Brasil estava sob as garras da ditadura militar que <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">encorajava o desmatamento da Amaz\u00f4nia para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de gado<\/a>.  Como parte dessa pol\u00edtica de expans\u00e3o das fronteiras agr\u00edcolas, os seringueiros foram <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">expulsos das planta\u00e7\u00f5es de seringueiras por fazendeiros<\/a> que queriam desmatar a floresta. O governo ofereceu realoca\u00e7\u00e3o para essas fam\u00edlias em projetos de coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o em outros locais no estado, onde muitos <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">lutaram<\/a> contra a pobreza, doen\u00e7as e deslocamento social.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Chico Mendes e seus apoiadores continuaram na luta. As fam\u00edlias ocuparam pacificamente \u00e1reas florestais indicadas pelos fazendeiros, uma t\u00e1tica conhecida como <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">empate<\/a>. Elas ficaram em frente \u00e0s motosserras e bloquearam as motoniveladoras.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cNo come\u00e7o pensei que estivesse lutando para salvar seringueiras, depois pensei que estava lutando para salvar a Floresta Amaz\u00f4nica. Agora, percebi que estava lutando pela humanidade\u201d, \u00e9 uma famosa cita\u00e7\u00e3o de Mendes.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Como presidente do Conselho Nacional de Seringueiros, ele firmou parceria com o movimento internacional de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e foi pioneiro na ideia de \u201c<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/1778.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">reservas extrativistas<\/a>\u201d como forma de os moradores das florestas conseguirem seu sustento, ainda preservando a floresta.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mas isso acendeu a ira dos poderosos fazendeiros e seus apoiadores. Em 1987, Mendes frustrou os planos do fazendeiro Darly Alves da Silva de desmatar uma \u00e1rea de floresta que havia sido considerada reserva natural.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Em 22 de dezembro de 1988, Mendes foi morto a tiros do lado de fora de sua casa, em Xapuri. Da Silva, seu filho e outro homem foram condenados pelo homic\u00eddio.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Marcos Afonso, amigo de Mendes e agora diretor da <a href=\"http:\/\/bibliotecaflorestaacre.blogspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Biblioteca da Floresta<\/a> do Acre, diz que os fazendeiros cometeram um grande erro.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cEles tiraram o l\u00edder para diminuir a resist\u00eancia. Pelo contr\u00e1rio, acabaram aumentando a resist\u00eancia\u201d, ele disse.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">O assassinato causou ultraje internacional e grandes protestos no Brasil.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u00c9 claro que ficamos muito tristes com sua morte e choramos muito, mas nossa luta cresceu\u201d, diz Afonso.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cO legado de Chico foi sua coragem, sua determina\u00e7\u00e3o e sua cren\u00e7a em um futuro diferente para a Amaz\u00f4nia.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dez anos depois de sua morte, os <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">aliados de Mendes tomaram o poder no Acre,<\/a> e definiram o autoproclamado \u201cGoverno da floresta\u201d, e institu\u00edram uma variedade de pol\u00edticas de desenvolvimento ecol\u00f3gico, com baixas emiss\u00f5es de carbono, projetadas para proteger o que restou da faixa amaz\u00f4nica do estado.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cNosso estado \u00e9 um marco internacional sobre como usar os recursos florestais de forma inteligente sem destruir as florestas\u201d, diz Afonso.<\/p>\n<p>O legado de Mendes<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/acm\/download\/pub\/grassroot\/OP-49.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"> \u00e9 observado<\/a> n\u00e3o apenas no Acre, mas em todo o Brasil. Um ano ap\u00f3s sua morte, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/1778.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">foi criada<\/a> a primeira reserva extrativista do pa\u00eds. Agora, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/3418.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">h\u00e1 pelo menos 48<\/a>, cobrindo mais de 12 milh\u00f5es de hectares da Amaz\u00f4nia. A <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/online-library\/browse\/view-publication\/publication\/1778.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">pesquisa do CIFOR em algumas dessas reservas concluiu <\/a>que elas tiveram resultados positivos de desenvolvimento e conserva\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cO movimento seringueiro que Chico Mendes liderou foi um catalisador de profundas mudan\u00e7as no Brasil\u201d, diz o cientista s\u00eanior do CIFOR, Peter Cronkleton.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cComo resultado, os povos das florestas do Brasil ganharam a oportunidade de reconhecimento dos seus direitos de propriedade sobre recursos florestais.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cNa verdade, al\u00e9m das reservas extrativistas, essas mudan\u00e7as levaram a uma s\u00e9rie de modelos inovadores de propriedade como reservas de desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel e assentamentos agroextrativistas que permitem que as popula\u00e7\u00f5es rurais se mantenham com recursos da floresta\u201d, comenta.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ainda h\u00e1 muitos desafios na Amaz\u00f4nia brasileira. De acordo com uma <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cptnacional.org.br\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ONG brasileira<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/environment\/blog\/2013\/apr\/02\/chico-mendes-killings-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">aproximadamente 1.000 pessoas<\/a> foram assassinadas em disputas de terras em toda a Amaz\u00f4nia desde 1985.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">E, embora as taxas de desmatamento tenham <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/13491\/how-much-credit-can-brazil-take-for-slowing-amazon-deforestation-and-how-low-can-it-go\/\">ca\u00eddo significativamente<\/a> desde a \u00e9poca de Mendes, a floresta <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP40Wertz-Kanounnikoff.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">continua amea\u00e7ada<\/a>, por queimadas, extra\u00e7\u00e3o de madeira n\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel, desenvolvimento de infraestrutura e expans\u00e3o agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mas Afonso acredita que Mendes teria orgulho dos desenvolvimentos no Acre.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cEu sempre falo com os filhos de Chico e pergunto para eles, \u2018como o Chico Mendes se sentiria com o que estamos fazendo atualmente\u2019? E eles sempre respondem, \u2018ele estaria muito feliz\u2019\u201d, diz Afonso.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cSe ainda estivesse vivo, Chico Mendes ficaria feliz, e ainda estaria lutando pela Amaz\u00f4nia, pois essa \u00e9 uma luta sem fim. H\u00e1 for\u00e7as antigas e ultrapassadas na pol\u00edtica e na economia que ainda t\u00eam uma vis\u00e3o antropoc\u00eantrica do desenvolvimento.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cPrecisamos continuar resistindo e desenvolver novas ideias e modelos\u201d, continua.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cMas acho que estamos fazendo justi\u00e7a ao legado de Chico.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Para mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre as quest\u00f5es abordadas neste artigo, entre em contato com<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Peter Cronkleton, atrav\u00e9s do e-mail p.cronkleton@cgiar.org.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9 imposs\u00edvel falar das florestas no Acre, Brasil, sem mencionar o her\u00f3i do estado: seringueiro, l\u00edder sindical e defensor da Amaz\u00f4nia, Chico Mendes. Seu brutal assassinato h\u00e1 25 anos foi manchete em todo o mundo, e embora a viol\u00eancia contra ativistas na Amaz\u00f4nia n\u00e3o tenha diminu\u00eddo, a morte de Mendes teve um impacto enorme no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":68141,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12055],"tags":[],"language":[2172],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[545],"class_list":["post-19326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paisagens","language-portuguese"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>M\u00e1rtir da Amaz\u00f4nia: o legado de Chico Mendes - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/19326\/martir-da-amazonia-o-legado-de-chico-mendes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"M\u00e1rtir da Amaz\u00f4nia: o legado de Chico Mendes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c9 imposs\u00edvel falar das florestas no Acre, Brasil, sem mencionar o her\u00f3i do estado: seringueiro, l\u00edder sindical e defensor da Amaz\u00f4nia, Chico Mendes. 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