{"id":153525,"date":"2025-11-21T22:38:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T15:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=153525"},"modified":"2025-11-21T22:48:03","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T15:48:03","slug":"as-solucoes-climaticas-naturais-estarao-no-novo-esquema-de-creditos-de-carbono-da-onu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/153525\/as-solucoes-climaticas-naturais-estarao-no-novo-esquema-de-creditos-de-carbono-da-onu","title":{"rendered":"As\u00a0solu\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0clim\u00e1ticas\u00a0naturais\u00a0estar\u00e3o\u00a0no\u00a0novo\u00a0esquema de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono da ONU?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00c0 medida que se aproxima o fim da confer\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica da ONU deste ano (COP30), uma disposi\u00e7\u00e3o do Acordo de Paris est\u00e1 gerando controv\u00e9rsia. Conhecido como Artigo 6.4, esse mecanismo busca estabelecer um novo mercado internacional de carbono: o Mecanismo de Credita\u00e7\u00e3o do Acordo de Paris (PACM, na sigla em ingl\u00eas). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O PACM substitui o esquema de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono liderado pela ONU na era do Protocolo de Quioto, o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), que se tornou conhecido por seu impacto clim\u00e1tico fraco e limitado. Muitos de seus cr\u00e9ditos careciam de adicionalidade \u2014 ou seja, recompensavam a\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas positivas que provavelmente ocorreriam mesmo sem o apoio do esquema. \u00c0 medida que a confian\u00e7a se deteriorou, o pre\u00e7o dos cr\u00e9ditos colapsou em 2012. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diante desse hist\u00f3rico, o \u00d3rg\u00e3o de Supervis\u00e3o do Artigo 6.4 est\u00e1 determinado a garantir cr\u00e9ditos de alta integridade desta vez. Quest\u00f5es como perman\u00eancia (por quanto tempo uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica mant\u00e9m o CO\u2082 fora da atmosfera), vazamento ou deslocamento (se uma interven\u00e7\u00e3o reduz as emiss\u00f5es ou apenas as transfere para outro lugar) e a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de remo\u00e7\u00f5es de CO\u2082 s\u00e3o agora temas de intenso debate enquanto o \u00f3rg\u00e3o discute os detalhes do esquema, segundo Christopher Martius, assessor s\u00eanior da equipe de mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica, energia e desenvolvimento de baixo carbono do Centro de Pesquisa Florestal Internacional e do Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Agroflorestal (CIFOR-ICRAF). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No entanto, essa cautela pode estar levando alguns formuladores de pol\u00edticas a considerar a exclus\u00e3o de sumidouros cr\u00edticos de carbono \u2014 em particular, florestas, \u00e1rvores, solos e outras solu\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas baseadas na natureza (NCS, na sigla em ingl\u00eas) \u2014 mesmo quando o Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudan\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica (IPCC) estima que elas representam cerca de 28% das op\u00e7\u00f5es globais de mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o da mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica, com alta confian\u00e7a e custo-benef\u00edcio. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por qu\u00ea? Porque o carbono armazenado nas florestas pode durar d\u00e9cadas ou at\u00e9 s\u00e9culos, mas n\u00e3o \u00e9 considerado estritamente permanente \u2014 pode ser liberado novamente na atmosfera por dist\u00farbios naturais, como inc\u00eandios e tempestades, ou por atividades humanas, como corte de madeira ou lenha. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Leia tamb\u00e9m:<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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5 perguntas para entender o poder das Solu\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas na Natureza<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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A luz da manh\u00e3 surge sobre as florestas tropicais da Papua-Nova Guin\u00e9, revelando a riqueza e a resili\u00eancia das paisagens naturais que ajudam a regular o clima global. V\u00eddeo: CIFOR-ICRAF<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nesse contexto, um grupo de 80 cientistas, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es da sociedade civil e atores do setor privado enviou ao \u00d3rg\u00e3o de Supervis\u00e3o uma peti\u00e7\u00e3o intitulada N\u00e3o excluir a natureza da a\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica: o imperativo cient\u00edfico de incentivar as solu\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas naturais no caminho para o net-zero. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No documento, alertam que \u201calgumas propostas recentes de pol\u00edticas clim\u00e1ticas minimizam os investimentos em NCS ao assumir, incorretamente, que as NCS n\u00e3o podem ser manejadas para oferecer durabilidade\u201d. Pelo contr\u00e1rio, argumentam que as remo\u00e7\u00f5es tempor\u00e1rias de CO\u2082, como as alcan\u00e7adas por meio de a\u00e7\u00f5es como o plantio de \u00e1rvores, podem oferecer benef\u00edcios clim\u00e1ticos imediatos e facilmente escal\u00e1veis, \u201creduzindo o pico de aquecimento e ganhando um tempo crucial para que solu\u00e7\u00f5es de maior dura\u00e7\u00e3o [como o armazenamento geol\u00f3gico de carbono] possam escalar\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ainda assim, nem todos os projetos de NCS oferecem a mesma probabilidade de impacto duradouro. No setor florestal, por exemplo, a perman\u00eancia depende de diversos fatores, como o tipo de floresta, os arranjos institucionais e de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas, as pr\u00e1ticas de manejo e os regimes de posse da terra. Portanto, \u201cdeixar para tr\u00e1s a abordagem de \u2018tamanho \u00fanico\u2019 e excluir algumas Solu\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas na Natureza (SbN) com base em maiores riscos de n\u00e3o perman\u00eancia pode ser um bom caminho\u201d, afirmou Martius. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

O diretor de Ci\u00eancia do CIFOR-ICRAF, Robert Nasi, tamb\u00e9m defendeu uma abordagem com mais nuance: \u201cOu as diretrizes do [PACM] expulsam as [NCS] de qualquer mercado de conformidade devido a expectativas pouco realistas, ou elas s\u00e3o ajustadas adequadamente, levando em conta a natureza dos sistemas vivos. O risco oposto s\u00e3o diretrizes excessivamente brandas e muito \u2018ar quente\u2019\u201d, afirmou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cParece que, at\u00e9 agora, o \u00f3rg\u00e3o [supervisor] se inclina para o primeiro caso [excluir completamente as NCS], e isso ser\u00e1 um problema porque vai desestimular o uso das NCS, que de fato precisamos.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al\u00e9m de seu valor em termos de carbono, as NCS oferecem cobenef\u00edcios vitais para ecossistemas e comunidades \u2014 melhoram a qualidade da \u00e1gua, protegem a biodiversidade e sustentam os meios de vida. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beria Leimona, l\u00edder tem\u00e1tica de CIFOR-ICRAF em mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica, energia e desenvolvimento de baixo carbono, instou os formuladores de pol\u00edticas a olharem \u201cal\u00e9m do carbono\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ela alertou que o progresso rumo ao desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel ser\u00e1 prejudicado se nos concentrarmos excessivamente em metodologias t\u00e9cnicas sem atender ao prop\u00f3sito essencial das solu\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas: o bem-estar humano. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Leia tamb\u00e9m:<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Florestas: O sistema de ar-condicionado da natureza<\/a><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Mulheres conversam na cozinha de uma casa familiar em Kalimantan Central, Indon\u00e9sia. As perspectivas locais e as realidades cotidianas continuam sendo essenciais para a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas equitativas e eficazes baseadas na natureza. Foto de Icaro Cooke Vieira \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Mulheres lavam panelas e frigideiras na margem de um rio na \u00c1frica Ocidental. As comunidades locais e sua intera\u00e7\u00e3o di\u00e1ria com a natureza s\u00e3o fundamentais para garantir que as solu\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas permane\u00e7am justas, inclusivas e eficazes. Foto de Daniel Tiveau \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Os mercados de carbono s\u00e3o uma forma de canalizar fundos para esses objetivos, \u201cmas eu diria que s\u00e3o apenas ferramentas\u201d, destacou Leimona. \u201cA quest\u00e3o central \u00e9 como podemos restaurar as florestas e suas fun\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas, como a sa\u00fade das bacias hidrogr\u00e1ficas, que realmente precisam ser mantidas para o objetivo \u00faltimo de aumentar a resili\u00eancia da humanidade\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Igualmente importante, as iniciativas de NCS devem estar alinhadas \u00e0s necessidades e realidades locais; especialmente considerando que os pa\u00edses do Norte Global geraram a maior parte das emiss\u00f5es hist\u00f3ricas, enquanto o Sul Global abriga a maioria das oportunidades de NCS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs solu\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas no local devem ser desenvolvidas de acordo com as prioridades das popula\u00e7\u00f5es locais e suas aspira\u00e7\u00f5es de desenvolvimento (e n\u00e3o impostas de fora), com regras espec\u00edficas de acordo e participa\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, afirmou Vincent Gitz, diretor do CIFOR-ICRAF para a Am\u00e9rica Latina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNa governan\u00e7a dessas solu\u00e7\u00f5es, deve haver um equil\u00edbrio no poder de tomada de decis\u00e3o entre os atores externos a uma paisagem (que investem nas solu\u00e7\u00f5es) e aqueles que vivem nessa paisagem (que tornam essas solu\u00e7\u00f5es realidade e parte de novas formas de cuidado e gest\u00e3o da terra).\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No entanto, mesmo enquanto especialistas defendem sua inclus\u00e3o, Daniel Murdiyarso, cientista s\u00eanior do CIFOR-ICRAF, alertou contra a vis\u00e3o da natureza como uma \u201cpanaceia\u201d e ressaltou que n\u00e3o devemos superestimar seu potencial para \u201cconsertar\u201d a situa\u00e7\u00e3o em que nos encontramos. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA natureza n\u00e3o \u00e9 nem nunca ser\u00e1 a solu\u00e7\u00e3o para a calamidade clim\u00e1tica, que \u00e9 causada principalmente (em 80\u201390%) pela queima de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis\u201d, afirmou. \u201cA natureza \u00e9 mais v\u00edtima do que solu\u00e7\u00e3o. Portanto, a inten\u00e7\u00e3o de fazer da natureza parte da solu\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser vista como um \u2018acompanhamento\u2019 e n\u00e3o como a agenda principal. A oportunidade n\u00e3o deve ser perdida, mas certamente deve ser implementada com alta integridade ambiental.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 medida que se aproxima o fim da confer\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica da ONU deste ano (COP30), uma disposi\u00e7\u00e3o do Acordo de Paris est\u00e1 gerando controv\u00e9rsia. Conhecido como Artigo 6.4, esse mecanismo busca estabelecer um novo mercado internacional de carbono: o Mecanismo de Credita\u00e7\u00e3o do Acordo de Paris (PACM, na sigla em ingl\u00eas).  O PACM substitui o esquema de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono liderado pela ONU na era do Protocolo de Quioto, o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), que se tornou conhecido por seu impacto clim\u00e1tico […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":153177,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12141,12041],"tags":[],"language":[2172],"location":[12218],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-153525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-pt-br","category-mudanca-climatica-e-energetica","language-portuguese","location-global"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAs\u00a0solu\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0clim\u00e1ticas\u00a0naturais\u00a0estar\u00e3o\u00a0no\u00a0novo\u00a0esquema de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono da ONU? 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