{"id":151935,"date":"2024-11-05T18:11:15","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T11:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/151935\/a-cop29-comeca-no-azerbaijao-a-terra-natal-do-petroleo"},"modified":"2025-09-10T22:27:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T15:27:26","slug":"a-cop29-comeca-no-azerbaijao-a-terra-natal-do-petroleo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/151935\/a-cop29-comeca-no-azerbaijao-a-terra-natal-do-petroleo","title":{"rendered":"A COP29 come\u00e7a no Azerbaij\u00e3o, a \u201cterra natal\u201d do petr\u00f3leo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Este ano, a 29\u00aa Confer\u00eancia das Partes da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o-Quadro das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima (COP29 da UNFCCC) est\u00e1 ocorrendo em Baku, no Azerbaij\u00e3o. Com as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es do setor de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas no topo da agenda, a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o do evento em um pa\u00eds que se descreve como a \u201cp\u00e1tria hist\u00f3rica do petr\u00f3leo\u201d – o local onde os primeiros po\u00e7os de petr\u00f3leo foram perfurados na d\u00e9cada de 1840 – n\u00e3o \u00e9 insignificante.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Em persa moderno, o Azerbaij\u00e3o \u00e9 traduzido como \u201ca terra do fogo\u201d e recebeu esse nome devido \u00e0s suas antigas infiltra\u00e7\u00f5es de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s em chamas: por exemplo, em uma encosta perto de Baku, um inc\u00eandio de g\u00e1s natural queima continuamente em uma camada de arenito poroso. Esses recursos naturais alimentaram a economia do pa\u00eds durante s\u00e9culos: em 1901, metade do petr\u00f3leo do mundo foi produzido em Baku, a partir de 1900 po\u00e7os que operavam em uma \u00e1rea de apenas seis milhas quadradas.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Hoje, o Azerbaij\u00e3o \u00e9 um ator muito menos central, produzindo menos de 1% do petr\u00f3leo e do g\u00e1s do mundo. No entanto, os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis s\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis por mais de 90% de todas as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es e 64% das receitas do governo.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Antes da confer\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica deste ano, a Ag\u00eancia Internacional de Energia (AIE) lembrou aos signat\u00e1rios a necessidade de cumprir as promessas feitas no ano passado de acelerar a transi\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica global para as energias renov\u00e1veis. O governo do Azerbaij\u00e3o vem investindo pesadamente na transi\u00e7\u00e3o de sua rede nacional para as energias renov\u00e1veis, incluindo a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de sua primeira usina de energia solar em grande escala. Reduzir a depend\u00eancia econ\u00f4mica de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o continua sendo um desafio dif\u00edcil para o pa\u00eds, embora j\u00e1 existam planos para come\u00e7ar a exportar energia e\u00f3lica e solar de baixo carbono para a Europa Oriental.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLeia tamb\u00e9m:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tCinco mensagens-chave da COP16 de biodiversidade em Cali, Col\u00f4mbia<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

O plano da presid\u00eancia azerbaijana para a COP29 se concentra em dois pilares: \u201caumentar a ambi\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d – fazer com que todas as partes se comprometam com planos nacionais ambiciosos e transpar\u00eancia – e \u201cpossibilitar a a\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d – pressionar por aumentos muito necess\u00e1rios no financiamento para reduzir as emiss\u00f5es, adaptar-se \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e lidar com perdas e danos.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Em conson\u00e2ncia com o \u00faltimo, o Azerbaij\u00e3o <\/span>lan\u00e7ou<\/span><\/a> o Climate Finance Action Fund, que investir\u00e1 contribui\u00e7\u00f5es financeiras anuais de pa\u00edses e empresas produtoras de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis para ajudar os estados membros a cumprir suas Contribui\u00e7\u00f5es Nacionalmente Determinadas (NDCs) no \u00e2mbito do Acordo de Paris e financiar a\u00e7\u00f5es de resili\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica em pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, o pa\u00eds buscava uma taxa sobre a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, mas <\/span>mudou<\/span><\/a> sua estrat\u00e9gia para o fundo volunt\u00e1rio e n\u00e3o vinculativo ap\u00f3s enfrentar a resist\u00eancia de outros pa\u00edses produtores.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

O pr\u00f3prio Azerbaij\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 alheio aos impactos da mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica. O pa\u00eds faz parte da regi\u00e3o montanhosa do C\u00e1ucaso, uma ponte entre a Europa e a \u00c1sia Central que se estende do Mar Negro ao Mar C\u00e1spio, e abriga um grande n\u00famero de esp\u00e9cies end\u00eamicas, incluindo o leopardo caucasiano (<\/span>Panthera pardus tulliana<\/span><\/i>), amea\u00e7ado de extin\u00e7\u00e3o. A regi\u00e3o est\u00e1 <\/span>sofrendo com o<\/span><\/a> aumento das temperaturas, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o das geleiras, o aumento do n\u00edvel do mar e a redu\u00e7\u00e3o e redistribui\u00e7\u00e3o dos fluxos dos rios. A frequ\u00eancia cada vez maior de eventos clim\u00e1ticos extremos, como enchentes, deslizamentos de terra, inc\u00eandios florestais e eros\u00e3o costeira, causou perdas econ\u00f4micas significativas e v\u00edtimas humanas.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Na vizinha \u00c1sia Central, as popula\u00e7\u00f5es rurais vivem em condi\u00e7\u00f5es adversas de seca extrema, regi\u00f5es montanhosas altas e um impacto do aquecimento global muito acima da taxa m\u00e9dia global. Em geral, a agricultura s\u00f3 \u00e9 poss\u00edvel com irriga\u00e7\u00e3o, que deve ser gerenciada <\/span>com cuidado especial<\/span><\/a> \u00e0 medida que os efeitos do clima cobram seu pre\u00e7o.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Apesar das adversidades, a \u00e1rea \u00e9 um dos centros de diversidade gen\u00e9tica do mundo para muitas esp\u00e9cies de <\/span>frutas e oleaginosas agroflorestais<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>abrigando uma longa lista de frutas e<\/span> oleaginosas como ma\u00e7\u00e3s, damascos, rom\u00e3s, am\u00eandoas, cerejas, nozes e pistaches.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTrees, forests & climate<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tCIFOR-ICRAF na COP29 da UNFCCC<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

No entanto, nos anos que se seguiram ao colapso da Uni\u00e3o Sovi\u00e9tica, essa diversidade gen\u00e9tica ficou <\/span>amea\u00e7ada<\/span><\/a>, comprometendo a base gen\u00e9tica para responder a mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas mais agudas. Atores internacionais, como o CGIAR, responderam logo ap\u00f3s o colapso sovi\u00e9tico apoiando a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de bancos nacionais de sementes e genes na Ge\u00f3rgia, no Azerbaij\u00e3o e na Arm\u00eania, que persistem at\u00e9 hoje.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Agora, em lugares como a zona rural do Tajiquist\u00e3o, <\/span>h\u00e1 um ressurgimento do interesse<\/span><\/a> em plantar \u00e1rvores para obter alimentos e meios de subsist\u00eancia. Por exemplo, pesquisadores do Centro de Pesquisa Florestal Internacional e o Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Agroflorestal (<\/span>CIFOR-ICRAF<\/span><\/a>) observaram o impacto das remessas de trabalhadores migrantes no exterior sobre o uso sustent\u00e1vel da terra em suas paisagens de origem.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA \u00c1sia Central e o C\u00e1ucaso s\u00e3o regi\u00f5es fascinantes, ricas em hist\u00f3ria, importantes centros de diversidade e, em todos os lugares, povos muito hospitaleiros que aprenderam a viver sob adversidades clim\u00e1ticas e est\u00e3o sempre abertos para receber um estrangeiro\u201d, disse Christopher Martius, l\u00edder da equipe de mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica, energia e desenvolvimento de baixo carbono do CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cO mundo pode aprender muito com essa regi\u00e3o, como suas tecnologias de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o e m\u00e9todos tradicionais de preserva\u00e7\u00e3o de frutas, carnes e outros alimentos. A COP nesse pa\u00eds ajudar\u00e1 a lan\u00e7ar luz sobre essa regi\u00e3o historicamente rica\u201d.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Este ano, a 29\u00aa Confer\u00eancia das Partes da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o-Quadro das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima (COP29 da UNFCCC) est\u00e1 ocorrendo em Baku, no Azerbaij\u00e3o. Com as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es do setor de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas no topo da agenda, a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o do evento em um pa\u00eds que se descreve como […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":147419,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12141,12041],"tags":[],"language":[2172],"location":[12218,12240],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-151935","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-pt-br","category-mudanca-climatica-e-energetica","language-portuguese","location-global","location-latin-america"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nA COP29 come\u00e7a no Azerbaij\u00e3o, a \u201cterra natal\u201d do petr\u00f3leo - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/151935\/a-cop29-comeca-no-azerbaijao-a-terra-natal-do-petroleo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A COP29 come\u00e7a no Azerbaij\u00e3o, a \u201cterra natal\u201d do petr\u00f3leo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Este ano, a 29\u00aa Confer\u00eancia das Partes da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o-Quadro das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima (COP29 da UNFCCC) est\u00e1 ocorrendo em Baku, no Azerbaij\u00e3o. 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