{"id":151883,"date":"2025-02-19T04:00:05","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T21:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/151883\/por-que-depositamos-semillas-en-la-boveda-de-svalbard-2"},"modified":"2025-09-10T22:04:00","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T15:04:00","slug":"por-que-depositamos-semillas-en-la-boveda-de-svalbard-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/pt-br\/151883\/por-que-depositamos-semillas-en-la-boveda-de-svalbard-2","title":{"rendered":"Por que depositamos sementes de \u00e1rvores nativas no Cofre Global de Sementes de Svalbard?"},"content":{"rendered":"

O que um dep\u00f3sito de sementes em uma remota montanha coberta de neve no C\u00edrculo Polar poderia ter em comum com as \u00e1rvores nativas que crescem na \u00c1frica? \u00c0 primeira vista, talvez nada, mas at\u00e9 o final desta leitura voc\u00ea entender\u00e1 que eles t\u00eam algo importante em comum, e a chave est\u00e1 nas sementes. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>A disponibilidade de diversas esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores \u00e9 essencial para o gerenciamento sustent\u00e1vel da terra, pois a diversidade ajuda a manter a fertilidade do solo, regular os ciclos da \u00e1gua e sustentar a vida silvestre. Sua conserva\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 fundamental n\u00e3o apenas para combater a degrada\u00e7\u00e3o da terra, mas tamb\u00e9m para garantir o suprimento de alimentos: ecossistemas saud\u00e1veis apoiam a agricultura e a subsist\u00eancia de milh\u00f5es de pessoas. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

Em 25 de fevereiro deste ano, uma delega\u00e7\u00e3o do Centro de Pesquisa Florestal Internacional e o Centro Internacional de Pesquisa Agroflorestal (CIFOR-ICRAF) depositar\u00e1 120.000 sementes de 13 esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores nativas no <\/span><\/span>Svalbard Global Seed Vault<\/span><\/span><\/a>, a maior instala\u00e7\u00e3o de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes do mundo. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O CIFOR-ICRAF \u00e9 pioneiro na conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes de \u00e1rvores nesse santu\u00e1rio do \u00c1rtico, tendo trazido as primeiras sementes de \u00e1rvores de seu banco de germoplasma em 2008. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>O reposit\u00f3rio de 2025 inclui esp\u00e9cies nativas da \u00c1frica, como a Ac\u00e1cia-da-ma\u00e7\u00e3 (<\/span><\/span>Faidherbia<\/span> albida<\/span><\/span>), a Tamareira-do-deserto (<\/span><\/span>Balanites<\/span> aegyptiaca<\/span><\/span>) e o ic\u00f4nico Baob\u00e1-africano (<\/span><\/span>Adansonia<\/span> digitata<\/span><\/span>), esp\u00e9cies essenciais para a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o das paisagens degradadas da \u00c1frica. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>Essas esp\u00e9cies foram especialmente selecionadas para armazenamento em Svalbard devido \u00e0 sua import\u00e2ncia em iniciativas de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de terras, programas agroflorestais, projetos de reflorestamento e seguran\u00e7a alimentar no continente africano. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Entrada do Cofre Global de Sementes de Svalbard. Foto de Crop Trust.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A \u00e1rvore certa para o lugar certo<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Durante s\u00e9culos, as pot\u00eancias coloniais introduziram esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores ex\u00f3ticas que alteraram os ecossistemas, modificaram os ciclos da \u00e1gua e deslocaram a flora nativa, os habitats da vida silvestre e os meios de subsist\u00eancia das comunidades locais. Muitas dessas esp\u00e9cies ex\u00f3ticas, como o eucalipto, nativo da Austr\u00e1lia, ainda hoje s\u00e3o plantadas devido \u00e0 sua disponibilidade, crescimento r\u00e1pido ou benef\u00edcios comerciais. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

No entanto, existem milhares de esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores nativas que podem desempenhar um papel fundamental na restaura\u00e7\u00e3o das paisagens africanas, ajudando os pa\u00edses a <\/span>atingir<\/span> as metas ambiciosas do Desafio de Bonn e da Iniciativa AFR100, ao mesmo tempo em que melhoram os meios de subsist\u00eancia rurais. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A restaura\u00e7\u00e3o na \u00c1frica tem implica\u00e7\u00f5es para o clima global e, portanto, para o mundo. Com 65% das terras produtivas do continente degradadas e a desertifica\u00e7\u00e3o afetando 45% de sua \u00e1rea terrestre, a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o dos principais servi\u00e7os ecossist\u00eamicos para os seres humanos e a vida <\/span>silvestre<\/span> \u00e9 uma tarefa urgente.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nesse contexto, esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores nativas, como <\/span><\/span>Ficus<\/span> sycomorus<\/span><\/span> e <\/span><\/span>Acacia<\/span> senegal<\/span><\/span>, evolu\u00edram ao longo de milh\u00f5es de anos para prosperar nos ecossistemas africanos, desenvolvendo mecanismos complexos para fixar o nitrog\u00eanio da atmosfera, enriquecer o solo e conservar os recursos h\u00eddricos da pr\u00f3pria terra. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Sementes de baob\u00e1. Foto de CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/span> No entanto, as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e o desmatamento, al\u00e9m do uso generalizado de material de plantio de baixa qualidade, com \u00eanfase em esp\u00e9cies ex\u00f3ticas, resultaram em impactos negativos sobre a biodiversidade, o sequestro de carbono, a resili\u00eancia clim\u00e1tica e os meios de subsist\u00eancia na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, colocando em risco sua exist\u00eancia.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

A conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de suas \u00e1rvores nativas \u00e9 fundamental para o futuro ecol\u00f3gico e econ\u00f4mico da \u00c1frica. O <\/span><\/span>Right Tree, Right Place: Seed Project (RTRP-Seed)<\/span><\/span><\/a> visa solucionar esse problema fornecendo sementes e mudas de esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores nativas de alta qualidade para restaurar paisagens em cinco pa\u00edses africanos: Qu\u00eania, Ruanda, Eti\u00f3pia, Uganda e Burkina Faso. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>Esse projeto, que ser\u00e1 executado at\u00e9 2030, trabalha com parceiros internacionais, nacionais e locais para ajudar os pa\u00edses africanos a <\/span>cumprir<\/span> seus compromissos de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o. A iniciativa integra o conhecimento local \u00e0 pesquisa cient\u00edfica, promovendo a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre comunidades, institui\u00e7\u00f5es p\u00fablicas e empresas privadas para garantir que os esfor\u00e7os de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o sejam escalon\u00e1veis e sustent\u00e1veis. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Por meio de uma estrat\u00e9gia coordenada, o projeto busca: <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>1. orientar pol\u00edticas e institui\u00e7\u00f5es que facilitem o fornecimento de sementes de \u00e1rvores nativas. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>2. Desenvolver capacidades t\u00e9cnicas na cadeia de suprimento de sementes e mudas. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>3. Fortalecer os v\u00ednculos entre os viveiros para atender \u00e0 crescente demanda de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de terras desmatadas. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>4. Compartilhar conhecimentos para inspirar e promover iniciativas semelhantes em toda a \u00c1frica.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A RTRP-Seed tem como objetivo facilitar a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de 20 milh\u00f5es de hectares at\u00e9 2045, evitar a perda de 4 milh\u00f5es de toneladas de solo por ano, sequestrar mais 19 milh\u00f5es de toneladas de carbono e gerar mais de 80.000 empregos na coleta de sementes e em outras atividades relacionadas a \u00e1rvores. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTambi\u00e9n lea:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tPor qu\u00e9 es urgente preservar los \u00e1rboles nativos<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

As sementes tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o no lugar certo<\/b><\/p>\n

No entanto, garantir o fornecimento de sementes e mudas \u00e9 apenas uma parte da hist\u00f3ria. Igualmente importante \u00e9 garantir a conserva\u00e7\u00e3o das esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores nativas para proteger seu enorme potencial ecol\u00f3gico. Isso \u00e9 especialmente urgente, pois mais de 30% das esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores conhecidas no mundo est\u00e3o atualmente amea\u00e7adas de extin\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

A equipe cient\u00edfica do <\/span><\/span>banco de germoplasma<\/span><\/span><\/a> do<\/span> CIFOR-ICRAF em Nair\u00f3bi trabalha justamente com a meta de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e uso sustent\u00e1vel dos recursos gen\u00e9ticos das \u00e1rvores. Ao adquirir germoplasma diversificado por meio de parcerias globais, caracteriz\u00e1-lo para identificar caracter\u00edsticas \u00fateis e disponibiliz\u00e1-lo aos usu\u00e1rios, o banco de genes protege at\u00e9 o momento 248 esp\u00e9cies de \u00e1rvores agroflorestais que fornecem alimentos, forragem, madeira, medicamentos e s\u00e3o fundamentais para a restaura\u00e7\u00e3o do solo. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Banco gen\u00e9tico de sementes do CIFOR-ICRAF em Nair\u00f3bi, Qu\u00eania. Foto de CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Entretanto, nenhum banco gen\u00e9tico est\u00e1 isento de riscos que possam amea\u00e7ar as cole\u00e7\u00f5es de sementes que mantemos. \u00c9 por isso que o CIFOR-ICRAF tem feito dep\u00f3sitos no Cofre Global de Sementes de Svalbard desde a abertura dessa instala\u00e7\u00e3o ic\u00f4nica na Noruega, em 2008. <\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span>E, embora por gera\u00e7\u00f5es o plantio de \u00e1rvores ex\u00f3ticas de crescimento r\u00e1pido tenha sido priorizado em detrimento de diversas esp\u00e9cies nativas, que s\u00e3o naturalmente mais bem adaptadas \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es ecol\u00f3gicas locais e oferecem grandes benef\u00edcios, \u00e9 hora de mudar a perspectiva e priorizar as \u00e1rvores nativas. <\/span><\/span> <\/span>
<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span>Com a previs\u00e3o de depositar esses tesouros no Cofre Global de Sementes de Svalbard, estamos contribuindo para futuros esfor\u00e7os de restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de terras e fortalecendo a sustentabilidade de longo prazo ao manter as sementes certas no lugar certo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tTambi\u00e9n lea:<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tDesde las semillas: C\u00f3mo proteger las especies arb\u00f3reas nativas y en peligro de extinci\u00f3n<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n

Agradecimentos<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

O projeto <\/span><\/span>Right<\/span> Tree<\/span>, <\/span>Right<\/span> Place<\/span>: Seed Project <\/span><\/span>\u00e9 financiado pelo Minist\u00e9rio Federal Alem\u00e3o do Meio Ambiente, Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza, Seguran\u00e7a Nuclear e Prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao Consumidor (BMUV) e pela Iniciativa Clim\u00e1tica Internacional (IKI). Os parceiros internacionais de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o a <\/span><\/span>Botanic<\/span> Gardens <\/span>Conservation<\/span> International<\/span> (BGCI)<\/span><\/span> e a <\/span><\/span>Unique Land Use GmbH<\/span><\/span>, enquanto o <\/span><\/span>Global <\/span>Landscapes<\/span> Forum<\/span> (GLF)<\/span><\/span> apoia<\/span> a amplia\u00e7\u00e3o e a dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o do progresso do projeto.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O que um dep\u00f3sito de sementes em uma remota montanha coberta de neve no C\u00edrculo Polar poderia ter em comum com as \u00e1rvores nativas que crescem na \u00c1frica? \u00c0 primeira vista, talvez nada, mas at\u00e9 o final desta leitura voc\u00ea entender\u00e1 que eles t\u00eam algo importante em comum, e a chave est\u00e1 nas sementes. A […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":148459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12141,12053],"tags":[12150,12151,12152],"language":[2172],"location":[12248],"tag-bahasa":[],"tag-espanol":[11158,11885,11886,10664],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[6388],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11882],"class_list":["post-151883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news-pt-br","category-manejo-e-restauracao-florestal","tag-seed-collection-pt-br","tag-seedbanks-pt-br","tag-svalbard-global-seed-vault-pt-br","language-portuguese","location-africa","tag-espanol-arboles-nativos","tag-espanol-banco-de-arboles","tag-espanol-boveda-de-semillas-de-svalbard","tag-espanol-semillas","type-espanol-especial"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPor que depositamos sementes de \u00e1rvores nativas no Cofre Global de Sementes de Svalbard? 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