{"id":94274,"date":"2025-10-24T17:54:06","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T10:54:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/09\/erik-solheim.png"},"modified":"2025-10-29T07:09:22","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T00:09:22","slug":"dari-degradasi-menuju-regenerasi-lahan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/94274\/dari-degradasi-menuju-regenerasi-lahan","title":{"rendered":"Dari degradasi menuju regenerasi lahan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Degradasi lahan terjadi saat tanah kehilangan daya hidupnya seperti tak lagi subur, tak lagi produktif. Penyebabnya bisa karena ulah manusia, proses alami, atau keduanya. Dampaknya nyata: pangan berkurang, karbon tak terserap, air makin langka, dan keanekaragaman hayati pun ikut terancam. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pada 2015, para ahli dari <\/span>Economics of Land Degradation (ELD<\/a>)<\/span> membuat perhitungan<\/a> yang mengejutkan: setiap tahun, dunia kehilangan jasa ekosistem senilai 6,3 hingga 10,6 triliun USD atau 10\u201317 persen dari PDB global. Nilai yang bahkan lima kali lipat sektor pertanian dunia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kerugian akibat degradasi lahan paling dirasakan oleh perempuan, kaum muda, masyarakat adat, dan komunitas lokal, mereka yang sering tak punya suara dalam keputusan soal lahan. Bagi pemerintah, dampaknya tak hanya soal ekologi seperti pangan terancam, ketimpangan melebar, migrasi meningkat, konflik muncul, dan stabilitas ekonomi pun terguncang.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Melihat besarnya dampak degradasi ekosistem, PBB mencanangkan Dekade Restorasi Ekosistem (2021\u20132030) untuk <\/span>mencegah, menghentikan, dan membalikkan<\/span> kerusakan alam di seluruh dunia.
\nKini, kita sudah sampai di pertengahan perjalanan tapi pekerjaan besar masih menanti.
\nKeberhasilannya bergantung pada kebijakan yang kuat, relevan, terintegrasi, dan konsisten dijalankan.<\/span>

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Lahan pertanian yang telah dibuka di wilayah Nebbou, antara Ouagadougou dan Leo, Burkina Faso. Memahami degradasi lahan merupakan kunci untuk merumuskan jalur kebijakan yang efektif bagi pemulihan ekosistem. Foto oleh Ollivier Girard \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kota Bonn menjadi saksi: Saat dunia berkumpul untuk bertindak <\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Agustus lalu, European Association of Agricultural Economists (EAAE) menggelar Kongres ke-18<\/a> di Bonn, Jerman.
\nFokus utamanya adalah mendorong transformasi sistem pangan menuju keberlanjutan global, dan menjawab pertanyaan besar yaitu bagaimana ilmu ekonomi pertanian dapat menjembatani beragam kepentingan dalam sistem agrifood yang kompleks. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Lokasi ini bukan kebetulan. Jerman sendiri tengah menghadapi degradasi lahan serius dengan sekitar 19 persen lahan pertanianya terdampak erosi. Sementara itu, Bonn menjadi rumah bagi lembaga-lembaga penting dunia seperti UNCCD, GLF, CIFOR-ICRAF, IFRE, dan GIZ yang sama-sama berfokus pada pemulihan lahan. <\/span><\/p>\n

26 Agustus jadi momen penting, para ahli, pembuat kebijakan, dan praktisi dari berbagai sektor bertemu di lokakarya pra-kongres untuk mencari cara menguatkan ekonomi dan kebijakan restorasi ekosistem. <\/span><\/p>\n

Dari lokakarya tersebut, lahir empat pembelajaran penting.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Kebijakan harus mampu menjembatani realitas petani dengan visi jangka panjang.<\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Petani adalah tulang punggung pangan. Meminta mereka menjadi pengelola bentang alam tanpa dukungan yang tepat bisa memicu dilema antara mempertahankan penghidupan keluarga dan menjaga ketahanan pangan nasional.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anja Gassner, Direktur CIFOR-ICRAF untuk kawasan Eropa, menyoroti besarnya tantangan tersebut. Menurutnya tanpa harga karbon yang adil dan peluang ekonomi nyata, restorasi belum bisa sepenuhnya hidup. Belum ada model bisnis yang layak untuk restorasi,\u201d ungkap Gassner. \u201cTantangan ini saya lemparkan kepada Anda semua, para ekonom pertanian.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dalam sesi diskusi kelompok, para peserta sepakat bahwa kebijakan restorasi tak bisa berjalan di ruang hampa. Fragmentasi lahan, lemahnya pemantauan, dan terbatasnya kerja sama antarpetani kecil menjadi tantangan nyata. Mereka mendorong solusi konkret dengan memperkuat garis dasar, membangun visi jangka panjang bersama komunitas lokal dan masyarakat adat, menjamin pendanaan berkelanjutan, menunjuk lembaga koordinator utama, dan memastikan semua pihak dilibatkan sejak awal. <\/span>.<\/span>

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tWhat do farmers want and what do we want from them? <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Kebijakan efektif hanya lahir dari sistem tangguh dan keberanian politik yang jujur. <\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Restorasi butuh puluhan tahun. Demikian juga dinamika politik. Di sinilah letak tantangannya yaitu menjaga koherensi kebijakan. <\/span>\u201cKeberlanjutan finansial sering kali berbenturan dengan siklus politik yang hanya empat atau lima tahun,\u201d ujar Michiel De Bouw, peneliti pascadoktoral di Universitas Leuven. <\/span>Ia menegaskan, keberhasilan restorasi hanya mungkin tercapai jika ada koherensi kebijakan \u2014 secara vertikal, horizontal, dan lintas waktu. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPendekatan di tingkat bentang alam\u2014atau bentang lautan\u2014dapat menjadi kuncinya,\u201d ujar Victoria Gutierrez, Kepala Kebijakan Global Commonland, lembagan nirlaba dari Belanda. \u201cKita perlu menegosiasikan kompromi antar pengguna lahan dan air, bekerja lintas sektor, dan menyentuh akar penyebab degradasi.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Restorasi yang terintegrasi bukan hanya menyatukan upaya, tapi juga menghemat biaya. <\/span>Menurut Johannes Kruse, Ko-Koordinator <\/span>Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) Initiative<\/span>, studi di Rwanda menunjukkan penghematan hingga 15 persen lewat integrasi lintas konvensi lingkungan. Di Asia Tengah, angkanya bahkan mencapai 24 persen\u2014setara USD 6,2 miliar hingga tahun 2050. Namun, Kruse mengingatkan, peningkatan koherensi kebijakan bukan semata urusan teknis. <\/span>\u201cMengintegrasikan kebijakan\u2014untuk siapa dan untuk tujuan apa\u2014adalah pertanyaan politik yang sering kita abaikan,\u201d ujar Michiel De Bouw dari Universitas Leuven. <\/span>

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tRegulating global trade without harming agroforestry farms? <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n

3. Di tangan yang tepat, teknologi mempercepat restorasi. Di tangan yang salah dapat memperburuk kerusakan. <\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Teknologi tengah mengubah wajah restorasi. Dari penginderaan jauh, ekonometrika, robotika, hingga pembelajaran mesin, berbagai inovasi membuka peluang baru untuk pemantauan real-time, peningkatan produktivitas, dan pengambilan keputusan berbasis data. <\/span>Namun, kemajuan ini bukan tanpa risiko. Biaya tinggi, kesenjangan akses, ketergantungan teknologi, hingga salah tafsir data menjadi tantangan nyata. Seperti diingatkan salah satu peserta diskusi, dorongan menuju efisiensi bisa berujung pada \u201ckonsentrasi pasar di mana sebagian petani kecil tersingkir dari sistem.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Hinrich Paulsen, salah satu pendiri perusahaan geo-informasi Mundialis, memperkenalkan ESMERALDA \u2014 startup Prancis-Jerman yang memadukan teknologi canggih dengan keterlibatan masyarakat. <\/span>Melalui <\/span>Starter Fund<\/span>, mereka menggandeng komunitas lokal untuk merancang proyek yang layak secara finansial, sementara platform <\/span>Tracker<\/span> memanfaatkan data satelit untuk memantau vegetasi, kondisi tanah, dan infrastruktur. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKe depan,\u201d ujar Paulsen, \u201cmisi-misi baru akan memberi kita alat yang jauh lebih kuat.\u201d <\/span>

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tTo fix the climate, think of food, soils, and trees <\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/p>\n

4. Tanpa perspektif lokal, restorasi hanya tinggal rencana. <\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n

Kelompok yang membahas perspektif lokal menyoroti satu fakta penting: kebijakan dan standar pasar dari negara donor sering menimbulkan dampak tak terduga bagi produsen di Global South. Petani kerap menanggung biaya tinggi untuk memenuhi sertifikasi dan regulasi yang terus berubah, seperti Peraturan Deforestasi Uni Eropa (EUDR). Mereka yang gagal memenuhi standar berisiko tersingkir. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Para peserta menekankan pentingnya penyesuaian kebijakan di tingkat lokal dan dorongan bagi negara produsen untuk menetapkan standar sendiri, meski belum diakui luas. Pendekatan bottom-up, melibatkan masyarakat dan LSM lokal, membantu memastikan kebijakan benar-benar berakar di lapangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seperti ditegaskan Emmi Riikonen dari GLF: \u201cRestorasi hanya akan berhasil jika partisipasi sosial menjadi pusatnya.\u201d Kolaborasi yang peduli dan pengelolaan berbasis masyarakat adat adalah kunci tata kelola yang efektif tegas Emmi Riikonen. <\/span><\/p>\n

Masa Depan Restoratif<\/span><\/h3>\n

Dampak degradasi lahan semakin nyata di seluruh dunia. Lokakarya di Bonn menegaskan bahwa ekonomi restorasi jauh lebih kompleks daripada sekadar rasio biaya-manfaat. Keberhasilan memerlukan tata kelola yang inklusif, layak secara politik, berakar pada konteks lokal, dan berkelanjutan. Saat Dekade Restorasi PBB memasuki titik tengahnya, pelajaran dari pertemuan ini bisa menjadi panduan bagi arah kebijakan restorasi ke depan.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pulihkan Bumi lewat rancangan dan kebijakan yang tepat. 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