{"id":93749,"date":"2025-09-17T10:09:15","date_gmt":"2025-09-17T03:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/5660204801_420f4b3a78_z.jpg"},"modified":"2025-10-29T07:13:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T00:13:42","slug":"rawa-palem-aguaje-aguaje-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/93749\/rawa-palem-aguaje-aguaje-2","title":{"rendered":"Didominasi pohon palem aguaje dan tradisi Amazon, apakah pengelolaan hutan rawa ini bisa terus lestari?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"p1\"><em>Artikel ini diterjemahkan dan diadaptasi dari versi asli berbahasa Spanyol yang terbit di <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/forestsnews.cifor.org\/92988\/un-bosque-de-palmeras-un-fruto-iconico-y-una-mision-por-la-gestion-sostenible-en-amazonia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>Los Bosques<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pada suatu fajar di bulan September, hutan-hutan rawa di San Francisco, sebuah komunitas kecil di Amazon Peru, mulai terbangun. Memecah keheningan, keluarga-keluarga di sana mengenakan sepatu bot karet dan berangkat bersama, berjalan hati-hati melewati air setinggi lutut untuk mencapai <em>aguajal<\/em>\u2014hutan <em>Mauritia flexuosa <\/em>yang menyimpan banyak buah <em>aguaje <\/em>matang.<\/p>\n<p>Gugusan pohon palem <em>Mauritia flexuosa<\/em> menjulang tinggi di hutan itu. Buahnya yang berwarna merah menyala menonjol di antara rimbunan pepohonan tersebut. Dikenal sebagai <em>aguaje<\/em>, buah ini merupakan sumber vitamin, simbol budaya, dan sumber pendapatan penting. Di seluruh wilayah <em>aguajal<\/em>, diperkirakan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iiap.org.pe\/Upload\/Publicacion\/L028.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">50 ton<\/a> buah ini dikonsumsi setiap hari.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, para pemanen harus menjelajahi hutan lebih dalam setiap musimnya. Seiring makin sedikit pohon palem yang tersisa di dekat rumah mereka, keluarga-keluarga itu kini menjelajah lebih jauh ke Cagar Alam Nasional Pacaya Samiria\u2014di mana tidak hanya manusia, tetapi juga jaguar, macaw, dan tapir, bergantung pada rawa-rawa ini untuk bertahan hidup.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Ketika palem ditebang<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Memanen <em>aguaje<\/em> tidaklah mudah. \u200b\u200bPohon palem itu tumbuh setinggi 25 hingga 35 meter di atas dasar rawa. Selama beberapa dekade, praktik yang umum dan tercepat justru yang paling merusak: menebang pohon palem untuk mengambil buahnya. &#8220;Suami saya yang memotong pohon palem dan saya yang memisahkan buahnya,&#8221; kata Kandy, sekretaris komunitas San Francisco. Setiap karung dijual dengan harga sekitar Rp98 ribu, memberikan tambahan pendapatan yang penting bagi keluarga yang sebelumnya bergantung pada perikanan, pertanian, dan perburuan.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, penebangan pohon palem ini memiliki konsekuensi tersembunyi. Hanya pohon palem betina yang menghasilkan buah, sedangkan pohon palem jantan menghasilkan serbuk sari. Ketika pohon palem betina ditebang, kerugiannya bersifat permanen: lebih sedikit buah untuk generasi mendatang dan masa panen, lebih sedikit makanan untuk satwa liar, dan lebih sedikit karbon yang tersimpan di tanah gambut di bawah rawa itu. &#8220;Setiap tahun <em>aguaje<\/em> jadi kian jauh,&#8221; kata Roberto N\u00fa\u00f1ez, seorang pemanen dari Chanchamayo. &#8220;Terkadang kami tidak menemukannya sama sekali.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Kami selalu berpikir menebang pohon palem adalah cara tercepat. Namun sekarang kami tahu bahwa jika pohon palem betina tumbang, tempat itu tidak akan pernah berbuah lagi,&#8221; tambah Kandy, merenungkan perubahan sudut pandang tersebut.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"label\"><div class='short-link'>\n\t\t\t<a class='GTMshortLink' href='https:\/\/forestsnews.cifor.org\/84382\/degraded-amazonian-peatlands-are-overlooked-carbon-source?fnl=en' target='_blank'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__box'><span>Read also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__desc'>Degraded Amazonian peatlands are overlooked carbon source<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"label\"><div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-93751 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/1-palm.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">1 palm<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Sumber daya yang kian menipis<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Ekosistem rawa tempat palem <em>aguaje<\/em> tumbuh subur ternyata lebih kompleks daripada yang terlihat. Selain menghasilkan buah, rawa-rawa palem ini membantu mengatur siklus air di wilayah tersebut, menyediakan habitat bagi flora dan fauna yang unik, serta bertindak sebagai penyangga alami bagi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<em>Aguajal<\/em> adalah ekosistem lahan gambut Amazon yang paling representatif di Peru, dan ekosistem ini sangat penting bagi cadangan karbon negara itu,&#8221; jelas Kristell Hergoualc&#8217;h, ilmuwan senior di Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>). Selama berabad-abad, dekomposisi lambat daun dan akar palem yang gugur di tanah yang tergenang air itu telah membentuk lapisan gambut yang tebal\u2014tanah gelap dan kenyal yang menyimpan karbon dalam jumlah sangat besar.<\/p>\n<p>Namun keseimbangan hutan rawa palem ini rapuh. &#8220;Jenis pemanenan ini, yang terdiri atas penebangan pohon palem betina secara selektif, <a href=\"https:\/\/forestsnews.cifor.org\/88699\/studi-terbaru-ungkap-ruang-lingkup-dan-dampak-degradasi-lahan-gambut-peru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">menimbulkan emisi gas rumah kaca<\/a> dan mengubah ekosistem,&#8221; kata Hergoualc\u2019h. &#8220;Makin berkurangnya jumlah pohon palem, makin sedikit pula makanan bagi hewan. Dan seiring makin sedikitnya akar dan kian sedikitnya serasah yang menyuburkan tanah, pembentukan gambut pun melambat, mengurangi kapasitas rawa tersebut untuk menyimpan karbon.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Bekerja sama dengan para mitra lokal, Hergoualc\u2019h memimpin sebuah proyek untuk merancang bersama praktik pengelolaan <em>aguaje<\/em> yang berkelanjutan dengan masyarakat dan para pembuat kebijakan setempat. Tujuannya agar panen bisa terus berlanjut dan hutan tetap mempertahankan perannya dalam melindungi iklim.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-93753 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/2-palm.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">2 palm<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<h2><strong>Pendekatan kolaboratif<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u201cPermintaan terhadap buah <em>aguaje<\/em> makin meningkat dan hal ini juga menciptakan kerentanan bagi sumber daya tersebut jika tidak dikelola dengan baik,\u201d ujar Gabriel Hidalgo, ahli biologi di Institut Penelitian Amazon Peru (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/iiap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">IIAP<\/a>), sebuah lembaga yang terkait dengan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Peru<\/p>\n<p>Dalam sebuah lokakarya yang baru-baru ini diadakan di komunitas San Francisco dan Chanchamayo, warga berbagi upaya mereka untuk mengubah praktik pemanenan. Di San Francisco, misalnya, penduduk setempat menjelaskan bahwa dengan dukungan dan bimbingan dari Dinas Nasional Kawasan Konservasi Alam Peru (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/sernanp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Sernanp<\/a>), mereka belajar cara memanjat pohon palem <em>aguaje <\/em>dan hanya memotong tandan buahnya tanpa menebang pohon palem tersebut. &#8220;Ini keuntungan besar, karena dengan cara ini pohon palem akan terus berbuah hingga 40 tahun,&#8221; kata Belvi Lopez, petugas kota komunitas tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, memanjat pohon saja barulah permulaan. Pemanenan berkelanjutan membutuhkan lebih dari itu: program pelatihan yang komprehensif, strategi pengelolaan, dan kerangka peraturan yang disesuaikan dengan realitas lokal. &#8220;Masyarakat adalah kunci pelaksanaan setiap proyek yang bertujuan untuk mendukung pengelolaan berkelanjutan, karena merekalah yang pada akhirnya akan menjalankan dan menyusun strategi-strategi ini,&#8221; tegas Hergoualc\u2019h.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-93754 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/3-palm.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">3 palm<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Itulah sebabnya proyek ini didasarkan pada partisipasi. &#8220;Sangat penting untuk memahami dinamika wilayah dan sosial-ekonomi setiap komunitas dan, atas dasar itu, merancang solusi bersama mereka,&#8221; ujar Alonso P\u00e9rez, peneliti di Instituto del Bien Com\u00fan (IBC). Melalui proses partisipatif yang menerapkan perspektif gender dan antargenerasi, proyek ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat kapasitas lokal, mendukung pembentukan komite pengelolaan, dan memfasilitasi pelaksanaan rencana pengelolaan yang dipimpin masyarakat. Rencana ini menetapkan hak dan tanggung jawab dalam pemanenan berkelanjutan, sekaligus memandu pemantauan sumber daya hutan yang dipimpin masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"label\"><div class='short-link'>\n\t\t\t<a class='GTMshortLink' href='https:\/\/forestsnews.cifor.org\/79770\/amazonian-peatlands-up-close?fnl=en' target='_blank'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__box'><span>Read also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='short-link__desc'>Amazonian peatlands \u2013 up close<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Menghasilkan informasi akurat<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Menurut Peta Lahan Basah Loreto, luas hutan <em>aguajal<\/em> mencakup lebih dari 5 juta hektare di wilayah tersebut. &#8220;Namun, tidak semua rawa palem sama,&#8221; kata Hidalgo. Masyarakat lebih mengenal ekosistem mereka daripada siapa pun, tetapi perangkat yang mereka miliki untuk memantaunya terbatas.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk mengatasi kesenjangan ini, IIAP bekerja sama dengan masyarakat untuk membangun petak-petak pemantauan yang mengukur kedalaman gambut dan melacak perubahan di lapangan. Bersamaan dengan itu, drone yang dioperasikan dengan dukungan dari Sernanp mengambil citra udara hutan rawa palem itu. Hasil citra udara ini kemudian diproses dengan perangkat lunak khusus IIAP untuk memperkirakan kepadatan pohon palem dan memetakan luas hutan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Kombinasi pengukuran lewat petak permukaan tanah dan citra udara ini memungkinkan mereka untuk memetakan luas <em>aguajal <\/em>dan mengestimasi jumlah pohon palem yang ada. &#8220;Data akurat ini akan digunakan untuk merancang rencana pengelolaan yang disesuaikan dengan masing-masing wilayah,&#8221; ujar Hidalgo.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, tantangan pengelolaan <em>aguajal<\/em> yang berkelanjutan lebih dari kondisi hutan itu sendiri. \u201cTidak semua masyarakat memahami peraturan kehutanan dan banyak persyaratan sering kali menjadi hambatan dalam memformalkan pengelolaannya,\u201d kata P\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-93755 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/4-palm.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">4 palm<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Para peneliti kini sedang berupaya mengidentifikasi tantangan sekaligus peluang yang dapat memperkuat dan meningkatkan penghidupan keluarga yang berkomitmen melestarikan pohon palem <em>aguaje<\/em> yang masih berdiri. &#8220;Tugasnya adalah memahami rantai nilai dan para aktornya secara lebih baik, mengidentifikasi peluang, dan memastikan semua pihak berpartisipasi agar manfaatnya dapat dirasakan secara adil,&#8221; ujar P\u00e9rez.<\/p>\n<p>Bagi para pemimpin lokal, perubahan sudah dimulai. &#8220;Kami tahu tidak semua orang di sini bisa memanjat pohon palem untuk meraih <em>aguaje<\/em>. Namun, dengan lokakarya mendatang ini, orang-orang akan belajar metode baru dan menjadi lebih termotivasi,&#8221; kata Apu Alexandro, pemimpin komunitas tersebut. Belvi, petugas kota, setuju: &#8220;Seiring waktu, pola pikir kami akan berubah. Kami akan menjaga agar sumber daya <em>aguaje<\/em> tetap dekat dan mendukung keluarga kami, baik sekarang maupun di masa mendatang.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai topik ini, Anda dapat menghubungi Kristell Hergoualc\u2019h di <\/em><a href=\"mailto:k.hergoualch@cifor-icraf.org\"><em>k.hergoualch@cifor-icraf.org<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><em><strong>Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><em>Proyek <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/project\/ed9eac3ef68d4d036c5d08dcb0737e28\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">pengelolaan berkelanjutan lahan gambut rawa palem oleh masyarakat lokal<\/a> ini dipimpin oleh CIFOR-ICRAF bekerja sama dengan <a href=\"https:\/\/ibcperu.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Instituto del Bien Com\u00fan (IBC)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/spda.org.pe\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Masyarakat Hukum Lingkungan Peru (SPDA)<\/a>, dan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/iiap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Institut Penelitian Amazon Peru (IIAP)<\/a>. Proyek ini didanai melalui <a href=\"https:\/\/www.darwininitiative.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Darwin Initiative Pemerintah Inggris<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tim peneliti dengan sepenuh hati mengucapkan terima kasih atas dukungan Cagar Alam Nasional Pacaya Samiria dan masyarakat San Francisco dan Chanchamayo selama kunjungan lapangan dan lokakarya pada Juni 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sesuai dengan preferensi peserta, beberapa nama keluarga tidak disebutkan.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Para peneliti dan masyarakat bersatu padu dalam pengelolaan hutan rawa palem yang berkelanjutan di Peru<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":454,"featured_media":93757,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[188],"tags":[26,7000,12191,756,635],"language":[2171],"location":[12227],"tag-bahasa":[2688,7011,5854,7689,12192],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1626,9322],"class_list":["post-93749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-food-and-diets","tag-amazon","tag-forest","tag-palm-swamps","tag-peatland","tag-peru","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-peru","tag-bahasa-amazon","tag-bahasa-gambut","tag-bahasa-hutan","tag-bahasa-hutan-rawa","tag-bahasa-palem","type-bahasa-berita","type-english-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can sustainable management protect Peru\u2019s palm swamps?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Peru\u2019s Amazon, aguaje palm swamps provide food, culture and carbon storage. Communities and scientists are working together to protect them sustainably.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/93749\/rawa-palem-aguaje-aguaje-2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Didominasi pohon palem aguaje dan tradisi Amazon, apakah pengelolaan hutan rawa ini bisa terus lestari?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In Peru\u2019s Amazon, aguaje palm swamps provide food, culture and carbon storage. 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