{"id":93668,"date":"2025-09-12T12:27:35","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T05:27:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/06\/2010_article07.jpg"},"modified":"2025-10-29T07:14:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T00:14:12","slug":"nama-sumbiripa-gunung-lamington-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/93668\/nama-sumbiripa-gunung-lamington-2","title":{"rendered":"Bersuara untuk Sumbiripa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ada makna penting di balik setiap nama. Sebuah nama mengandung sebuah kisah dalam bahasa, waktu, dan konteksnya. Di seantero Papua Nugini (PNG)\u2014Papua New Guinea dalam nama bahasa Barat, jejak berbagai gelombang kolonisasi tampak jelas dan terukir di peta-peta mereka. Kata ‘Guinea’ diberikan oleh seorang penjelajah Spanyol yang berpikir penduduk wilayah itu mirip dengan orang-orang Guinea di Afrika Barat. Pulau New Britain dan New Ireland di Papua Nugini menandai masa singkat kekuasaan Imperium Britania Raya di sana, sementara Kepulauan Bismarck dan Gunung Wilhelm mencerminkan masa lalu singkat tempat-tempat ini sebagai bagian dari protektorat Jerman. Di balik berbagai sebutan yang asal-asalan ini, kisah-kisah pemukiman manusia di tempat-tempat ini pada 60.000 tahun sebelumnya\u2014dan nama-nama yang mereka gunakan\u2014justru duduk terdiam. Kini, penduduk setempat mencoba menghidupkan kembali beberapa di antaranya.<\/p>\n

\"Map
Peta yang menunjukkan sebaran gunung berapi aktif di Papua Nugini<\/span><\/span> dan Kepulauan Solomon<\/span><\/span>, termasuk Gunung Lamington<\/span><\/span> di Provinsi Oro<\/span><\/span>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Di Provinsi Oro, di bagian timur laut Kawasan Konservasi Managalas (MCA)<\/a>\u2014sebuah kawasan konservasi baru yang sangat luas, satu gunung api menyandang nama yang terdengar aneh. Dinamai berdasarkan sesuatu yang mungkin disajikan nenek Anda untuk waktu minum teh sore, Gunung Lamington mengingatkan kita bukan pada batuan cair yang dikandungnya, melainkan pada makanan khas toko roti Australia: kue bolu berbentuk kubus yang berisi selai dan krim, dicelupkan ke dalam saus cokelat, dan ditaburi kelapa kering. Kue itu diceritakan dibuat oleh koki Lord Lamington pada awal 1900-an, dengan tambahan penggunaan kelapa oleh istrinya yang berasal dari Tahiti. Namun, gunung itu diberi nama bukan dari kue manis tersebut, melainkan dari nama Lord Lamington sendiri, yang menjabat sebagai gubernur Queensland sejak tahun 1896 hingga 1901, selama periode ketika PNG berada di bawah kekuasaan Australia (sejak 1914 hingga kemerdekaannya pada 1975).<\/p>\n

Namun, ini tampaknya merupakan sebuah kaitan yang aneh \u2013 kue bolu dan seorang administrator kolonial yang terpisah jauh \u2013 untuk sebuah gunung api aktif yang pada 1951 meletus dengan dahsyat, menewaskan ribuan orang dan membakar seluruh kota. Ahli vulkanologi Australia, G.A.M. \u2018Tony\u2019 Taylor, kemudian menggambarkan betapa besarnya peristiwa mengerikan tersebut dalam sebuah laporan<\/a> pada 1958:<\/p>\n

\u201cPukul 10.40 pagi hari Minggu, 21 Januari, gunung api tersebut mengeluarkan letusan dahsyat. Massa abu yang besar melesat cepat ke stratosfer, membentuk awan raksasa berbentuk jamur yang mengembang. Dasar kolom abu itu mulai mengembang secara lateral saat awan abu pijar menyapu lereng gunung dan menghancurkan lebih dari 90 mil persegi wilayah tersebut.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\t\t\t
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banjarmasin <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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banjarmasin <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

\u201cPelepasan energi yang luar biasa ini sungguh menakjubkan sekaligus menakutkan bagi orang-orang yang tinggal di lereng gunung itu \u2026 kecepatan awan yang menyelimuti gunung tersebut begitu tinggi sehingga hanya mereka yang berada di tepi terjauh dari area yang kemudian hancur itu yang mampu menyelamatkan diri.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"Destroyed
Dampak letusan Gunung Lamington<\/span><\/span> pada 21 Januari 1951: ledakan menghantamkan sebuah jip ke sebuah pohon di dekat Popondetta<\/span><\/span>. Di kejauhan tampak Anglican Martyrs Memorial School<\/span><\/span>, salah satu dari sedikit bangunan yang masih berdiri. Foto milik Fred Kleckham<\/span><\/span> \/ Papua New Guinea Association of Australia<\/span><\/span>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tFinding and making history in a Papua New Guinea cloud forest<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n
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Dampak letusan Gunung Lamington<\/span><\/span> pada 21 Januari 1951: ledakan menghantamkan sebuah jip ke sebuah pohon di dekat Popondetta<\/span><\/span>. Di kejauhan tampak Anglican Martyrs Memorial School<\/span><\/span>, salah satu dari sedikit bangunan yang masih berdiri. Foto milik Fred Kleckham<\/span><\/span> \/ Papua New Guinea Association of Australia<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Tujuh puluh tahun kemudian, seruan untuk kembali menggunakan nama asli gunung itu, Sumbiripa, semakin menguat di Oro. Bagi gubernur provinsi tersebut, Gary Juffa, pemulihan nama gunung itu merupakan bagian dari pemulihan martabat: “Ini adalah sesuatu yang ingin saya lakukan untuk mengenang kembali penduduk asli daerah itu,” ujarnya kepada Radio New Zealand (RNZ) dalam sebuah wawancara<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Langkah ini mencerminkan pergeseran yang lebih luas menuju dekolonisasi kartografi (pemetaan) di PNG dan di tempat lainnya. “Dekolonisasi nama tempat adalah upaya untuk menghilangkan nama-nama yang kacau, merendahkan, atau keliru dan, dengan demikian, memulihkan kartografi asli penduduk asli,” tulis dosen University of Lagos, Nna O. Uluocha, dalam sebuah artikel tahun 2015. “Kartografi…adalah alat yang ampuh untuk memberikan keunikan, legitimasi, dan rasa martabat pada masyarakat mana pun, dan kekuatan paling ampuh yang memungkinkan kartografi mencapai hal ini adalah nama tempat.”<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
\u00a9 CIFOR\/Agus Andrianto<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Bagi Juffa, aksi penggantian nama ini tak terpisahkan dari upaya mengenang kembali. Angka kematian resmi sekitar 4.000 orang akibat letusan gunung tersebut, menurutnya, hanyalah fiksi birokrasi \u2013 yang hanya menghitung pegawai pemerintah dan orang-orang yang tercatat dalam buku pencatatan kolonial. “Banyak orang yang meninggal tidak diingat, dicatat, atau dikenali,” ujarnya. Para penyintas mengenang seluruh komunitas yang luput dari catatan itu. “Jadi, salah satu proyek yang ingin saya lakukan untuk memberi sedikit penghiburan bagi para penyintas, bagi keluarga mereka, adalah bahwa orang-orang terkasih mereka yang telah tiada itu dikenang kembali.”<\/p>\n

“Misalnya, ada daerah di mana 17 desa hancur dan hanya satu keluarga yang selamat,” ujarnya kepada RNZ. “Pada masa itu, desa-desa tersebut cukup besar\u2014ukurannya sekitar 1.000 orang\u2014artinya, secara efektif ada 17.000 orang di satu daerah itu saja.”<\/p>\n

Bagi Juffa, pengakuan jumlah korban ini lebih dari sekadar angka. “Ini akan memberikan semacam resolusi jika kita tahu persis berapa banyak orang yang telah meninggal,” kata Juffa. “Dan lebih baik lagi, jika kita bisa mengingat siapa mereka dan mencatat nama mereka. Itu mungkin agak sulit, tetapi kita harus mencoba.”<\/p>\n

Jadi, ironi itu masih tertinggal: sebuah gunung api aktif dikenang dalam imajinasi populer melalui kue bolu dan nama gubernur kolonial, sementara nama-nama \u2013 dan kehidupan \u2013 ribuan orang tetap tak terukir. Menyebut gunung itu Sumbiripa bukan sekadar mengoreksi peta; melainkan memulihkan memori, martabat, dan keadilan bagi mereka yang pernah hidup di bawah naungannya.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proyek ini, silakan hubungi William Unsworth (CIFOR-ICRAF): \u202f<\/span><\/span>w.unsworth@cifor-icraf.org<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u202f<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ada makna penting di balik setiap nama. Sebuah nama mengandung sebuah kisah dalam bahasa, waktu, dan konteksnya. Di seantero Papua Nugini (PNG)\u2014Papua New Guinea dalam nama bahasa Barat, jejak berbagai gelombang kolonisasi tampak jelas dan terukir di peta-peta mereka. Kata ‘Guinea’ diberikan oleh seorang penjelajah Spanyol yang berpikir penduduk wilayah itu mirip dengan orang-orang Guinea […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":454,"featured_media":93669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[293,4974,11983],"language":[2171],"location":[12340],"tag-bahasa":[11958,11959],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3088],"type-english":[2425],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-93668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-ecotourism","tag-papua-new-guinea","tag-png","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-papua-new-guinea","tag-bahasa-managalas","tag-bahasa-papua-new-guinea","type-bahasa-berkas-fakta","type-english-fact-file"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBersuara 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