{"id":92710,"date":"2025-06-19T12:30:04","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T05:30:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=92710"},"modified":"2025-08-12T12:05:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T05:05:49","slug":"menara-ubi-managalas-bagian-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/92710\/menara-ubi-managalas-bagian-1","title":{"rendered":"Saat yam ambil bagian dalam pernikahan: Upacara mahar di Dataran Tinggi Managalas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\u201cTak ada yang menjadi kaya dari hal ini: pada dasarnya ini adalah proses redistribusi kekayaan.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u201cApakah Anda mau pergi melihat yam?\u201d tanya Reckson Kajiaki, seorang pemimpin masyarakat di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, Papua Nugini (PNG).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reaksi pertama saya agak ambivalen. Ini adalah hari terakhir saya di lapangan bersama tim Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) PNG, yang bekerja sama dengan masyarakat setempat untuk mengembangkan rencana pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Managalas (MCA) seluas 214.696 hektare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kami telah melihat banyak hal menakjubkan\u2014kupu-kupu raksasa<\/a>, rangkong yang berisik, pertunjukan teater<\/a>\u2014dan saya tidak bisa membayangkan semua itu dapat disamai oleh semacam pameran umbi-umbian. Namun, saya tetap mengikutinya menyusuri jalan berumput dari Desa Joivi, tempat kami menginap, ke permukiman lain yang berjarak sekitar dua puluh menit berjalan kaki dari jalan utama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sesampainya di sana, saya menyadari betapa buruknya prasangka saya. Dalam pikiran saya, yam adalah umbi Amerika Selatan berwarna kuning-merah muda [Oxalis tuberosa<\/em>] yang tampak seperti jari-jari gemuk dan terkadang muncul di supermarket dekat rumah. Apa yang saya lihat di sini sangat berbeda\u2014dan jelas sepadan dengan perjalanan yang telah ditempuh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ubi yang dikumpulkan dan disiapkan untuk upacara. Foto oleh Monica Evans \/ CIFOR-ICRAF<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Di sebuah tanah lapang ada tiang-tiang bambu yang disusun melingkar, yang ditancapkan ke tanah hingga satu meter dan diikat bersama di bagian atasnya hingga setinggi dua lantai (6-8 meter). Di dalam lingkaran bambu itu, yang diikat erat dengan tali pandan, terdapat yam tersebut: umbi raksasa, berkutil, berwarna cokelat keabu-abuan, panjangnya sekitar 1-2 meter. Kumpulan lekukan berotot itu menyerupai segerombolan belut, yang merayap ke langit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di tengah ketinggian menara itu, seorang pria berpegangan pada tiang-tiang dan mengemas lebih banyak yam ke dalamnya. Banyak pisang, kelapa, talas, dan pinang diikatkan di sekitar pangkal menara itu. Di sebuah gubuk beratap rendah dan remang-remang di dekatnya yang disebut ‘rumah yam’, ada lebih banyak yam berwarna putih dan ungu telah ditumpuk. Ini adalah gambaran tentang kelimpahan\u2014dengan fungsi sosial-ekonomi yang sangat penting juga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saat kami menonton proses pembuatan menara yam itu, orang-orang berdatangan dari desa-desa lain melalui jalan setapak. Sebagian mengenakan celana pendek dan kaus oblong, sementara yang lain memakai kalung dan hiasan kepala tradisional yang terbuat dari biji-bijian berwarna-warni, bulu-bulu yang berwarna-warni, dan casque rangkong (tonjolan tulang di bagian atas kepala burung itu). Seekor burung cenderawasih utuh menyembul dari bagian belakang hiasan kepala seorang pria di samping hiasan Natal berwarna merah dan perak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Banyak pengunjung membawa yam raksasa mereka sendiri, yang telah diikat di antara tiang-tiang kayu, yang diukir dan dicat dengan indah, dan dihiasi dengan manik-manik dan bulu. Mereka berkontribusi, masing-masing sesuai dengan kewajiban keluarga mereka, terhadap apa yang terjadi di sini: upacara ‘mahar’, di mana keluarga suami memberikan sejumlah sumber daya yang ditentukan\u2014uang tunai, ternak (terutama babi), hasil bumi, barang-barang rumah tangga, dan lain-lain\u2014kepada pihak pengantin wanita, yang kemudian membagi-bagikannya sesuai dengan kewajiban mereka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBanyak orang akan meninggalkan perayaan itu dengan ransel penuh yam dan membagikannya kepada orang tua mereka yang tidak bisa bepergian\u2014atau membayar utang mereka dengan yam yang mereka terima di sini,\u201d kata ilmuwan CIFOR-ICRAF dan manajer program PNG Will Unsworth. \u201cTak ada yang menjadi kaya dari hal ini: pada dasarnya ini adalah proses redistribusi kekayaan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tJalan Berliku Menuju Konservasi Berbasis Masyarakat di Papua Nugini<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Lebih dari itu, acara-acara seperti ini mempertemukan keluarga besar (plus para pengunjung yang penasaran) dari seluruh wilayah Dataran Tinggi Managalas dan membantu menciptakan serta memperkuat kohesi sosial yang membuat masyarakat hidup damai, kata Unsworth. \u201cBeberapa orang akan bertemu calon istri mereka di acara-acara ini, kesepakatan untuk pembagian tanah dan usaha bisnis akan dibahas, dan keluhan yang sudah lama ada akan diselesaikan saat orang-orang berkumpul.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praktik ini terjadi di seluruh PNG, meskipun jenis sumber daya\u2014dan jumlah yang diminta\u2014sangat bervariasi, begitu pula waktunya: pada upacara kali ini, kedua mempelai telah menikah selama 17 tahun, tetapi keluarga mempelai pria baru sekarang mengumpulkan sumber daya untuk melakukan pembayaran mahar. Di sini, seperti di banyak bagian lain dari negara ini, yam\u2014bentuk mata uang utama bagi banyak klan di masa lalu\u2014memainkan peran penting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIni seperti sebuah kredit,\u201d kata Kajiaki. \u201cJika Anda mencoba mengadakan pesta atau membayar mahar, saya harus datang dan membantu, sehingga sebagai balasannya Anda akan datang dan membantu saat tiba waktunya bagi saya untuk membayar mahar. Jika seseorang mencoba membayar mahar sendiri, perlu begitu banyak yam, dan Anda tidak dapat menggali atau memanennya sendiri. Jadi Anda harus berbagi tugas kepada keluarga Anda.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead next<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tPART 2: Growing giants: How yams shape identity, knowledge and power in PNG<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Untuk mendapatkan informasi lebih lanjut mengenai proyek ini, silakan hubungi William Unsworth (CIFOR-ICRAF): <\/em>w.unsworth@cifor-icraf.org<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cTak ada yang menjadi kaya dari hal ini: pada dasarnya ini adalah proses redistribusi kekayaan.\u201d \u201cApakah Anda mau pergi melihat yam?\u201d tanya Reckson Kajiaki, seorang pemimpin masyarakat di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, Papua Nugini (PNG). Reaksi pertama saya agak ambivalen. Ini adalah hari terakhir saya di lapangan bersama tim Center for International Forestry Research and World […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":92614,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12038,12057,12105,12046],"tags":[11957,11983,11982],"language":[2171],"location":[12340],"tag-bahasa":[11958,11986,11985],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3095],"type-english":[2428],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-92710","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroforestri","category-bentang-alam","category-hutan-masyarakat","category-keadilan-gender-dan-tenur","tag-managalas-plateau","tag-png","tag-yam","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-papua-new-guinea","tag-bahasa-managalas","tag-bahasa-png","tag-bahasa-yam","type-bahasa-foto-esai","type-english-photo-essay"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSaat yam ambil bagian dalam pernikahan: Upacara mahar di Dataran Tinggi Managalas - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/92710\/menara-ubi-managalas-bagian-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Saat yam ambil bagian dalam pernikahan: Upacara mahar di Dataran Tinggi Managalas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cTak ada yang menjadi kaya dari hal ini: pada dasarnya ini adalah proses redistribusi kekayaan.\u201d \u201cApakah Anda mau pergi melihat yam?\u201d tanya Reckson Kajiaki, seorang pemimpin masyarakat di Dataran Tinggi Managalas, Papua Nugini (PNG). 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