{"id":92334,"date":"2025-05-28T10:54:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T03:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=92334"},"modified":"2026-01-27T15:44:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:44:41","slug":"can-we-protect-old-trees-by-planting-new-ones-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/92334\/can-we-protect-old-trees-by-planting-new-ones-2","title":{"rendered":"Bisakah kita melindungi pohon-pohon tua dengan menanam pohon-pohon baru?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Konservasi bukan hanya tentang mencegah penebangan pohon. Konservasi jangka panjang yang sukses\u2014terutama di tempat-tempat di mana banyak orang hidup di dalam, di sekitar, dan dari hutan tersebut\u2014perlu lebih banyak strategi. Terkadang, upaya menjaga hutan primer agar tetap utuh mencakup penanaman pohon yang secara khusus akan ditebang untuk diambil kayunya atau dijadikan kayu bakar dan\/atau memanen produk bernilai tinggi dari pohon-pohon tersebut tanpa merusaknya.<\/p>\n

Contoh kasus yang menarik adalah Kawasan Konservasi Managalas (MCA), yang membentang di Dataran Tinggi Managalas seluas 214.696 hektare di Provinsi Oro, Papua Nugini (PNG)<\/a>. Berbeda dengan hutan belantara yang tak berpenghuni, kawasan ini dihuni oleh lebih dari 22.000 orang\u2014yang sebagian besar menggantungkan hidup dan mata pencaharian mereka dari bentang alam tersebut.<\/p>\n

Di sana\u2014setelah 30 tahun negosiasi, edukasi, dan pembangunan konsensus yang difasilitasi oleh Partners with Melanesians (PwM), sebuah LSM yang berbasis di Port Moresby, dan didanai oleh Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN)\u2014152 klan yang memiliki wilayah tersebut telah sepakat untuk melindungi tanah mereka yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati dari penebangan skala besar, pertambangan, pertanian industri, dan penggunaan lahan lainnya yang merusak.<\/p>\n

Namun, kesepakatan yang sulit dicapai ini juga merupakan sebuah awal dari percakapan baru yang lebih mendalam. Sebagian besar orang menandatangani kesepakatan tersebut dengan pemahaman bahwa mereka akan jauh lebih baik jika melakukan konservasi\u2014bahwa konservasi akan memungkinkan jenis-jenis pengembangan lain yang bisa meningkatkan kondisi kehidupan mereka dan menopang mereka dalam jangka panjang.<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n <\/a>\n <\/div><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kini, pekerjaan organisasi lokal yang bertugas mengelola MCA dan mitra internasionalnya\u2014yaitu, Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), dengan pendanaan dari Uni Eropa\u2014adalah membantu masyarakat menemukan cara untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut.<\/p>\n

Dan pepohonan hampir pasti akan memainkan peranan.<\/p>\n

Satu spesies, okari (Terminalia kaernbachii<\/em>), telah memantik perbincangan tentang mata pencaharian berkelanjutan sejak awal keterlibatan PwM. Pohon besar hutan hujan yang merupakan tanaman asli dari dataran rendah di sekitarnya\u2014dan kemungkinan besar diperkenalkan ke Dataran Tinggi Managalas oleh penduduk setempat sejak bertahun-tahun lalu itu\u2014menghasilkan kacang besar nan lembut yang rasanya mirip kacang almond dan punya pasar domestik cukup besar. Pada1990-an, staf PwM membantu masyarakat Managalas mengekspor kacang itu untuk dijual di Port Moresby, yang secara nyata menunjukkan nilai dari menjaga pohon hutan hujan tetap berdiri alih-alih menebangnya untuk mendapatkan keuntungan satu kali.<\/p>\n

Ada juga pohon poponda (Alstonia scholaris<\/em>)\u2014nama yang sama dengan kota terdekat, Popondetta, yang tumbuh di area rendah dataran tinggi tersebut. \u201cOrang-orang memanfaatkan getahnya untuk keperluan pengobatan,\u201d jelas Nalau Bingeding, seorang ahli botani dari Moresby yang bekerja dalam proyek MCA untuk menangani masalah kehutanan. \u201cGetahnya digunakan untuk mengobati asma dan penyakit kulit\u2026 dan konon juga untuk sihir! Kayu mastwood (Calophyllum inophyllum<\/em>) dan balsa (Ochroma pyramidale<\/em>) juga dapat menjadi sumber kayu yang berkelanjutan,\u201d kata Bingeding.<\/p>\n

Spesies lain yang berpotensi menguntungkan adalah pohon massoia (Cryptocarya massoia<\/em>), yang kulitnya telah digunakan selama berabad-abad untuk membuat minyak esensial beraroma karamel-kelapa yang bernilai tinggi, yang digunakan secara global dalam parfum, perisa, dan obat-obatan. Pohon ini berasal dari Dataran Tinggi Managalas, dan pengelolaan panen menjadi penting karena pohon tersebut kerap ditebang hingga tinggal tunggul saat musim panen tiba, dan kulitnya dikupas dan dikeringkan\u2014meskipun pohon itu kemudian dapat tumbuh kembali hingga dewasa dari tunggulnya dalam waktu sekitar sepuluh tahun.<\/p>\n

Kayu eaglewood\u2014kayu resin aromatik yang resinnya terbentuk di bagian tengah beberapa pohon Aquilaria<\/em> sebagai respons imunnya terhadap jamur\u2014merupakan produk bernilai sangat tinggi lainnya, yang telah diperdagangkan untuk digunakan dalam parfum dan dupa, serta obat-obatan, selama ribuan tahun. Sebagian besar kayu eaglewood liar di Dataran Tinggi Managalas telah diekstraksi, tetapi budi daya dapat menjadi pilihan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span>Jika Anda beralih ke hal-hal seperti membuat petak hutan kecil massoia, yang menghasilkan banyak uang, Anda berhenti menebangi lahan baru di hutan, dan hutan akan tumbuh kembali.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dengan beragam tanaman bernilai tinggi dan serbaguna seperti ini, Bingeding berharap masyarakat akan lebih mengurangi praktik perladangan berpindah di hutan sekunder. Praktik tersebut\u2014menebang pohon dalam area kecil untuk menanam kebun pangan, lalu pindah ke area baru saat kesuburannya menurun\u2014sudah lazim di Managalas, tetapi bisa menjadi tidak berkelanjutan seiring bertambahnya populasi mereka.<\/p>\n

\u201cJika Anda beralih ke hal-hal seperti membuat petak hutan kecil massoia, yang menghasilkan banyak uang, Anda takkan kembali membuat kebun-kebun besar dengan [tanaman bernilai rendah seperti] pisang dan talas,\u201d kata Bingeding. \u201cAnda berhenti menebangi lahan baru di hutan, dan hutan akan tumbuh kembali.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRead also<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t\tWhen \u2018the field\u2019 is a forest: Nuances of data-gathering on Managalas Plateau<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cBegitulah cara kami melakukan konservasi secara tidak langsung.\u201d<\/p>\n

Penanaman pohon dan pengelolaan panen secara cermat juga bisa membantu memenuhi permintaan lokal atas kayu bakar dan kayu sekaligus mengurangi penebangan hutan dan meningkatkan penyerapan karbon,\u201d kata Will Unsworth, manajer proyek PNG di CIFOR-ICRAF. \u201cPermintaan tersebut signifikan di Managalas, karena sebagian besar kegiatan memasak dilakukan di atas bara dan hampir semua rumah dibangun dari kayu lokal.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cKita juga bisa mempertimbangkan sistem pemberaan yang ditingkatkan dengan penanaman pohon untuk mengembangkan produk baru, dan\/atau meningkatkan pemulihan tanah setelah masa berkebun untuk mengurangi lahan\/waktu yang dibutuhkan di antara masa rotasi,\u201d kata Unsworth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mengembangkan kehutanan berkelanjutan di kawasan lindung Papua Nugini<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":92336,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12057,12105,12052],"tags":[47,11931,11957,4974],"language":[2171],"location":[12340],"tag-bahasa":[2520,11958,11959],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-92334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bentang-alam","category-hutan-masyarakat","category-pengelolaan-restorasi-hutan","tag-conservation","tag-managalas","tag-managalas-plateau","tag-papua-new-guinea","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-papua-new-guinea","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-managalas","tag-bahasa-papua-new-guinea","type-english-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBisakah kita melindungi pohon-pohon tua dengan menanam pohon-pohon baru? 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