{"id":89207,"date":"2024-12-09T18:30:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-09T11:30:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=89207"},"modified":"2025-08-12T12:04:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T05:04:43","slug":"measuring-wildlife-degradation-made-simple-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/89207\/measuring-wildlife-degradation-made-simple-2","title":{"rendered":"Mengenal perangkat indikator untuk memantau dampak perburuan di hutan tropis Gabon"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mamalia berukuran sedang dan besar, seperti duiker (antelope hutan), landak, dan babi hutan, memainkan peran penting dalam ekosistem hutan hujan tropis Afrika, seperti menyebarkan biji, merumput pada vegetasi, dan memangsa hewan-hewan lain.<\/p>\n

Namun, spesies-spesies ini juga menjadi sasaran utama pemburu.<\/p>\n

Jika dieksploitasi secara berlebihan, ekosistem ini mengalami perubahan, dengan populasi hewan-hewan besar yang menurun dan spesies yang lebih kecil, seperti rodentia, menjadi dominan.<\/p>\n

Berbagai indikator telah diusulkan<\/a> untuk menilai perubahan ini, tetapi hanya sedikit studi yang mengujinya, sehingga keandalannya masih belum terjamin. Sebagai tanggapan, sebuah makalah<\/a> terbaru membawa diskusi ini ke level berikutnya dengan menyediakan bukti konkret\u2014mungkin untuk pertama kalinya\u2014tentang perubahan dalam komposisi spesies dan ketahanan terhadap tekanan perburuan.<\/p>\n

Tim <\/span>peneliti<\/span> di Gabon, Afrika Barat, <\/span>melakukan<\/span> peman<\/span>t<\/span>auan<\/span> lap<\/span>a<\/span>ngan<\/span> se<\/span>b<\/span>agai<\/span> b<\/span>a<\/span>gian<\/span> dari<\/span> Pro<\/span>gram <\/span>Pengel<\/span>olaan<\/span> Satwa <\/span>Liar <\/span>Berkelan<\/span>jutan<\/span> (S<\/span>WM). <\/span><\/a>M<\/span>e<\/span>reka<\/span> mem<\/span>a<\/span>ntau<\/span> peru<\/span>b<\/span>aha<\/span>n<\/span> ini<\/span> d<\/span>e<\/span>ngan<\/span> menggu<\/span>n<\/span>akan<\/span> pera<\/span>n<\/span>gkap<\/span> k<\/span>a<\/span>mera<\/span> siste<\/span>matis<\/span> dan <\/span>men<\/span>c<\/span>atat<\/span> h<\/span>asil<\/span> perb<\/span>u<\/span>ruan<\/span> dari<\/span> para <\/span>pe<\/span>mb<\/span>uru<\/span>. <\/span>Seb<\/span>anyak<\/span> 314 <\/span>pe<\/span>m<\/span>buru<\/span> dar<\/span>i<\/span> 10 <\/span>komu<\/span>ni<\/span>tas<\/span>, <\/span>d<\/span>alam<\/span> j<\/span>umlah<\/span> yang <\/span>b<\/span>elum<\/span> p<\/span>e<\/span>rnah<\/span> te<\/span>r<\/span>jadi<\/span> sebel<\/span>um<\/span>nya<\/span>, <\/span>men<\/span>c<\/span>atat<\/span> hewan<\/span> dan area <\/span>yang <\/span>d<\/span>i<\/span>buru<\/span> d<\/span>alam<\/span> h<\/span>ampir<\/span> 13<\/span>.000 <\/span>perja<\/span>l<\/span>anan<\/span> perb<\/span>uruan<\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Dengan<\/span> membandingkan<\/span> komposisi<\/span> satwa<\/span> liar di area <\/span>perburuan<\/span> dengan<\/span> yang <\/span>ada<\/span> di situs <\/span>referensi<\/span> yang <\/span>dilindungi<\/span>, <\/span>tim<\/span> peneliti<\/span> mengembangkan<\/span> serangkaian<\/span> indikator<\/span> untuk<\/span> menilai<\/span> kondisi<\/span> satwa<\/span> liar yang <\/span>diburu<\/span>. “<\/span>Pekerjaan<\/span> yang <\/span>dilakukan<\/span> oleh <\/span>tim<\/span> dalam<\/span> jurnal<\/span> sains<\/span> yang <\/span>d<\/span>iterbitkan<\/span> m<\/span>engonfirmasi<\/span> b<\/span>ahwa<\/span> i<\/span>ndikator<\/span> s<\/span>ederhana<\/span> yang <\/span>d<\/span>igunakan<\/span> oleh <\/span>k<\/span>omunitas<\/span> p<\/span>emburu<\/span> d<\/span>apat<\/span> m<\/span>enjadi<\/span> a<\/span>lat<\/span> yang <\/span>e<\/span>fektif<\/span> u<\/span>ntuk<\/span> m<\/span>emantau<\/span> k<\/span>erusakan<\/span> s<\/span>atwa<\/span> liar di <\/span>l<\/span>okasi<\/span> p<\/span>erburuan<\/span> m<\/span>ereka<\/span>,<\/span>” kata Hani El Bizri, yang <\/span>m<\/span>enyusun<\/span> daftar <\/span>i<\/span>ndikator<\/span> p<\/span>erburuan<\/span> b<\/span>ersama<\/span> Mattia Bessone <\/span>u<\/span>ntuk<\/span> Basis Data <\/span>P<\/span>enggunaan<\/span> <\/a>WILDMEAT. “<\/span>D<\/span>engan<\/span> m<\/span>emanfaatkan<\/span> i<\/span>ndikator-indikator<\/span> i<\/span>ni<\/span> s<\/span>erta<\/span> p<\/span>engetahuan<\/span> dan <\/span>k<\/span>eterlibatan<\/span> p<\/span>emburu<\/span> l<\/span>okal<\/span> dan <\/span>a<\/span>nggota<\/span> k<\/span>omunitas<\/span>,<\/span> p<\/span>emantauan<\/span> m<\/span>andiri<\/span> d<\/span>apat<\/span> d<\/span>iperkuat<\/span> s<\/span>ecara<\/span> s<\/span>ignifikan<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>”
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

Dalam <\/span>jurnal<\/span> yang <\/span>diterbitkan<\/span>, dua <\/span>indikator<\/span> utama<\/span> terbukti<\/span> sangat <\/span>penting<\/span>. <\/span>Pertama<\/span>, <\/span>rasio<\/span> rodentia<\/span> terhadap<\/span> ungulata<\/span>, yang <\/span>meningkat<\/span> secara<\/span> signifikan<\/span> di area <\/span>dengan<\/span> tekanan<\/span> perburuan<\/span> tinggi<\/span>, <\/span>menunjukkan<\/span> keberadaan<\/span> spesies<\/span> kecil<\/span> yang <\/span>lebih<\/span> dominan<\/span>. <\/span>Kedua<\/span>, rata-rata <\/span>massa<\/span> tubuh<\/span> hewan<\/span> hasil<\/span> perburuan<\/span>, yang <\/span>menurun<\/span> seiring<\/span> meningkatnya<\/span> tekanan<\/span> perburuan<\/span>, <\/span>mencerminkan<\/span> penurunan<\/span> jumlah<\/span> spesies<\/span> besar<\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span>Temuan<\/span> ini<\/span> telah<\/span> diusulkan<\/span> dari<\/span> data <\/span>tidak<\/span> langsung<\/span> seperti<\/span> tinjauan<\/span> literatur<\/span>,\u201d kata Julia Fa, <\/span>penulis<\/span> kolabo<\/span>rator<\/span>, <\/span>P<\/span>r<\/span>ofesor<\/span> Biodiv<\/span>ersit<\/span>as<\/span> dan <\/span>Penge<\/span>m<\/span>bangan<\/span> Manusia<\/span> di <\/span>Universitas <\/span>Manchester Metrop<\/span>olita<\/span>n<\/span> serta<\/span> p<\/span>eneliti<\/span> s<\/span>enior di<\/span> Pusat <\/span>Pen<\/span>e<\/span>litian<\/span> Ke<\/span>hutanan<\/span> Internasional <\/span>dan World Agroforestry (<\/span><\/span>CIFOR-IC<\/span>RAF<\/span><\/span><\/a>).<\/span> \u201c<\/span>Namun<\/span>, <\/span>stud<\/span>i<\/span> kami<\/span> adala<\/span>h<\/span> yang <\/span>p<\/span>ertama<\/span> meng<\/span>gunaka<\/span>n<\/span> data <\/span>e<\/span>mpiri<\/span>s<\/span> untuk<\/span> menu<\/span>n<\/span>jukka<\/span>n<\/span> bahwa<\/span> pe<\/span>n<\/span>urunan<\/span> s<\/span>pesie<\/span>s<\/span> besa<\/span>r<\/span> yan<\/span>g<\/span> lebih<\/span> rentan<\/span> meny<\/span>e<\/span>babkan<\/span> peni<\/span>n<\/span>gkatan<\/span> s<\/span>pesie<\/span>s<\/span> keci<\/span>l<\/span> yan<\/span>g<\/span> lebi<\/span>h<\/span> tahan<\/span> t<\/span>e<\/span>rhadap<\/span> tekanan<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Indikator-indikator<\/span> ini<\/span> mudah<\/span> dihitung<\/span> dan <\/span>praktis<\/span> untuk<\/span> diterapkan<\/span> dalam<\/span> program <\/span>pemantauan<\/span> yang <\/span>dipimpin<\/span> oleh <\/span>masyarakat<\/span>. \u201c<\/span>Dengan<\/span> fokus<\/span> pada parameter yang <\/span>mudah<\/span> diamati<\/span> dan <\/span>diukur<\/span>, <\/span>perkak<\/span>a<\/span>s<\/span> i<\/span>n<\/span>i<\/span> memfasilita<\/span>s<\/span>i<\/span> pemantau<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> sat<\/span>wa<\/span> liar yan<\/span>g <\/span>berkelanjut<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> deng<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> kebutuh<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> sumb<\/span>e<\/span>r<\/span> da<\/span>ya<\/span> yang minimal<\/span>, <\/span>sehing<\/span>g<\/span>a<\/span> dap<\/span>a<\/span>t<\/span> diaks<\/span>es<\/span> da<\/span>n <\/span>berkelanjut<\/span>a<\/span>n<\/span> ba<\/span>g<\/span>i<\/span> komunit<\/span>a<\/span>s<\/span> lok<\/span>al<\/span>,\u201d kata Fa<\/span><\/p>\n

Temuan<\/span> ini<\/span> menekankan<\/span> pentingnya<\/span> melibatkan<\/span> masyarakat<\/span> lokal<\/span> dalam<\/span> pemantauan<\/span> dan <\/span>pengelolaan<\/span> satwa<\/span> liar. \u201c<\/span>Dengan<\/span> memberdayakan<\/span> para <\/span>pemangku<\/span> kepentingan<\/span> lokal<\/span> untuk<\/span> melacak<\/span> populasi<\/span> dan <\/span>kesehatan<\/span> satwa<\/span> liar, <\/span>perka<\/span>kas<\/span> ini<\/span> mendo<\/span>rong<\/span> r<\/span>asa <\/span>kepemil<\/span>ikan<\/span> dan <\/span>tang<\/span>g<\/span>ung<\/span> j<\/span>awab<\/span> di <\/span>an<\/span>t<\/span>ara<\/span> ang<\/span>g<\/span>ota<\/span> komun<\/span>it<\/span>as<\/span>, <\/span>s<\/span>e<\/span>rta<\/span> mempromos<\/span>i<\/span>kan<\/span> pra<\/span>k<\/span>tik<\/span> konser<\/span>vasi<\/span> y<\/span>ang <\/span>efe<\/span>ktif<\/span> dan <\/span>rel<\/span>e<\/span>van<\/span> se<\/span>c<\/span>ara<\/span> bu<\/span>daya<\/span>,\u201d kata F<\/span>a. \u201c<\/span>Pendek<\/span>a<\/span>tan<\/span> ini<\/span> meng<\/span>a<\/span>kui<\/span> p<\/span>e<\/span>ran<\/span> pen<\/span>t<\/span>ing<\/span> pengeta<\/span>h<\/span>uan<\/span> l<\/span>okal<\/span> dan <\/span>partisipas<\/span>i<\/span>nya<\/span> d<\/span>a<\/span>lam<\/span> menc<\/span>a<\/span>pai<\/span> keberhas<\/span>i<\/span>lan<\/span> konser<\/span>v<\/span>asi<\/span> ja<\/span>n<\/span>gka<\/span> pan<\/span>ja<\/span>ng<\/span>, <\/span>ter<\/span>u<\/span>tama<\/span> di wila<\/span>yah <\/span>tr<\/span>opis<\/span> di m<\/span>ana keanekarag<\/span>a<\/span>man<\/span> ha<\/span>yati<\/span> sangat kaya <\/span>dan <\/span>re<\/span>ntan<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gambar gajah dari kamera perangkap. Foto oleh Program SWM<\/p>\n

Elemen <\/span>kunci<\/span> dari<\/span> proses <\/span>ini<\/span> adalah<\/span> memastikan<\/span> keandalan<\/span> dan <\/span>akurasi<\/span> data yang <\/span>dikumpulkan<\/span> dari<\/span> pernyataan<\/span> para <\/span>pemburu<\/span>. \u201c<\/span>Pengetahuan<\/span> dan <\/span>pengamatan<\/span> para <\/span>pemburu<\/span> sangat <\/span>berharga<\/span>, <\/span>namun<\/span> ada<\/span> tantangan<\/span> yang <\/span>melekat<\/span> dalam<\/span> menstandarkan<\/span> dan <\/span>memverifikasi<\/span> data <\/span>tersebut<\/span> di <\/span>antara<\/span> individu<\/span> dan <\/span>komunitas<\/span> yang <\/span>berbeda<\/span>,\u201d kata Fa. \u201c<\/span>Membangun<\/span> kepercayaan<\/span> dan <\/span>menetapkan<\/span> saluran<\/span> komunikasi<\/span> yang <\/span>efektif<\/span> dengan<\/span> para <\/span>pemburu<\/span> lokal<\/span> adalah<\/span> langkah-langkah<\/span> penting<\/span> untuk<\/span> mengatasi<\/span> hambatan<\/span> ini<\/span>\u2014<\/span>menyoroti<\/span> pentingnya<\/span> keterlibatan<\/span> komunitas<\/span> dan <\/span>saling<\/span> menghormati<\/span> dalam<\/span> proyek<\/span> konservasi<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para <\/span>peneliti<\/span> menganjurkan<\/span> untuk<\/span> memperluas<\/span> pendekatan<\/span> ini<\/span> ke<\/span> wilayah <\/span>tropis<\/span> lainnya<\/span>, <\/span>dengan<\/span> menyesuaikan<\/span> indikator-indikator<\/span> tersebut<\/span> ke<\/span> berbagai<\/span> konteks<\/span> ekologi<\/span>. <\/span>Mereka<\/span> juga <\/span>menyerukan<\/span> integrasi<\/span> metode-metode<\/span> ini<\/span> ke<\/span> dalam<\/span> strategi <\/span>konservasi<\/span> yang <\/span>lebih<\/span> luas<\/span>, <\/span>termasuk<\/span> pembentukan<\/span> zona <\/span>penggunaan<\/span> komunitas<\/span> dan <\/span>perlindungan<\/span> konektivitas<\/span> ekologi<\/span> dalam<\/span> skala<\/span> besar<\/span>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span>Dengan<\/span> memanfaatkan<\/span> keahlian<\/span> masyarakat<\/span> lokal<\/span> dan <\/span>menggunakan<\/span> indikator-indikator<\/span> sederhana<\/span> ini<\/span>, <\/span>kita<\/span> dapat<\/span> membuat<\/span> kemajuan<\/span> signifikan<\/span> dalam<\/span> melestarikan<\/span> satwa<\/span> liar dan <\/span>menjaga<\/span> keseimbangan<\/span> ekologi<\/span> di <\/span>hutan-hutan<\/span> tropis<\/span>,\u201d kata <\/span>penulis<\/span> utama<\/span> studi<\/span>, Davy Fonteyn, yang <\/span>memimpin<\/span> penelitian<\/span> ini<\/span> selama<\/span> posisi<\/span> pascadoktoralnya<\/span> di <\/span>Fr<\/span>ench Ag<\/span>ricul<\/span>tural Res<\/span>earch Centr<\/span>e for Intern<\/span>ational <\/span>Devel<\/span>opment <\/span>(<\/span>CIRAD) <\/span>dalam<\/span> Program <\/span>Pengelolaan<\/span> Satwa Liar <\/span>Berkelanjutan<\/span> (SWM).<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cProses <\/span>penelitian<\/span> ini<\/span> menyoroti<\/span> nilai<\/span> dari<\/span> pendekatan<\/span> yang <\/span>adaptif<\/span> dan <\/span>inklusif<\/span>,\u201d kata Fa. \u201cIni <\/span>menunjukkan<\/span> bahwa<\/span> konservasi<\/span> yang <\/span>efektif<\/span> tidak<\/span> hanya<\/span> memerlukan<\/span> keahlian<\/span> ilmiah<\/span>, <\/span>tetapi<\/span> juga<\/span> perlu<\/span> partisipasi<\/span> aktif<\/span> dan <\/span>pemberdayaan<\/span> dari<\/span> penduduk<\/span> yang <\/span>tinggal<\/span> d<\/span>an <\/span>bergantung<\/span> pada <\/span>ekosistem<\/span> ini<\/span>.\u201d<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mamalia berukuran sedang dan besar, seperti duiker (antelope hutan), landak, dan babi hutan, memainkan peran penting dalam ekosistem hutan hujan tropis Afrika, seperti menyebarkan biji, merumput pada vegetasi, dan memangsa hewan-hewan lain. Namun, spesies-spesies ini juga menjadi sasaran utama pemburu. Jika dieksploitasi secara berlebihan, ekosistem ini mengalami perubahan, dengan populasi hewan-hewan besar yang menurun dan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":89223,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12057,12042,12105],"tags":[31,11719,8347,11020,380],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2760,7629,9722,11747],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-89207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bentang-alam","category-energi-perubahan-iklim","category-hutan-masyarakat","tag-biodiversity","tag-camera-trap","tag-elephant","tag-sustainable-wildlife-management","tag-wildlife","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-afrika-barat","tag-bahasa-alam-liar","tag-bahasa-gajah","tag-bahasa-keaneka-ragaman-hayati"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMengenal perangkat indikator untuk memantau dampak perburuan di hutan tropis Gabon - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/89207\/measuring-wildlife-degradation-made-simple-2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mengenal perangkat indikator untuk memantau dampak perburuan di hutan tropis Gabon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mamalia berukuran sedang dan besar, seperti duiker (antelope hutan), landak, dan babi hutan, memainkan peran penting dalam ekosistem hutan hujan tropis Afrika, seperti menyebarkan biji, merumput pada vegetasi, dan memangsa hewan-hewan lain. Namun, spesies-spesies ini juga menjadi sasaran utama pemburu. 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