{"id":88715,"date":"2024-07-08T00:15:42","date_gmt":"2024-07-07T17:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=88715"},"modified":"2025-08-04T07:49:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T00:49:14","slug":"pendapatan-kakao-berpotensi-tingkatkan-risiko-deforestasi-di-lembah-kongo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/88715\/pendapatan-kakao-berpotensi-tingkatkan-risiko-deforestasi-di-lembah-kongo","title":{"rendered":"Pendapatan Kakao Berpotensi Tingkatkan Risiko Deforestasi di Lembah Kongo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Agroforestri kakao yang meningkatkan kehidupan lokal tampaknya dapat menjadi solusi win-win<\/em> bagi masyarakat dan ekosistem. Namun, studi terbaru<\/a> tentang pilihan mata pencaharian dan dampak deforestasi di tepi hutan lembah Kongo menunjukkan hal ini belum tentu benar.<\/p>\n

Studi ini dilakukan oleh tim peneliti internasional dengan cara melakukan survei 1035 rumah tangga di Kamerun dan Gabon, sebagai bagian dari Tri-National Dja-Odzala-Mink\u00e9b\u00e9<\/em> (bentang alam konservasi lintas batas TRIDOM) yang merupakan bagian inti dari hutan hujan lembah Kongo yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati dan karbon, yang telah diidentifikasi sebagai sumber daya utama dalam memitigasi perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

Tim riset berusaha memahami strategi mata pencaharian rumah tangga lokal dan dampak dari pilihan-pilihan tersebut terhadap penggunaan lahan dan deforestasi. Agroforestri kakao, di mana tanaman kakao ditanam di bawah naungan hutan sebagai bagian dari sistem hutan yang beragam dan kompleks, merupakan strategi mata pencaharian umum di daerah tersebut. Strategi ini cukup menguntungkan karena produk kakao dapat diperdagangkan secara internasional.<\/p>\n

Penduduk setempat juga melakukan berbagai kegiatan mata pencaharian lain, seperti menanam pisang raja, berburu satwa liar, dan mengumpulkan hasil hutan non-kayu. Sebagian penduduk melakukan kegiatan tersebut, sementara penduduk lainnya memadukan kegiatan seperti kakao, pertanian, dan kegiatan berbasis hutan sebagai strategi diversifikasi.<\/p>\n

Para peneliti menemukan, pertanian kakao memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap deforestasi yang enam hingga tujuh kalo lebih tinggi, meski jenis pertanian lain-lain juga mempunyai andil.<\/p>\n

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Para peneliti tengah mengukur pohon kakao dalam sistem agroforestri di Kamerun. Foto oleh: Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun\/University College of London.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Para peneliti juga menemukan bahwa rumah tangga cenderung meniru dari sesama tetangga petani untuk kegiatan bertani dengan resiko deforestasi ini. “Di negara-negara produsen, interaksi sosial di tingkat masyarakat memainkan peran penting,” jelas Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun, penulis utama studi ini dan peneliti senior di University College London.<\/p>\n

“Efek limpahan atau dampak tidak langsung dari produksi kakao akibat interaksi sosial terhadap deforestasi di wilayah sekitar hampir sama pentingnya dengan dampak langsungnya terhadap deforestasi,” katanya.<\/p>\n

Implikasi yang lebih luas adalah bahwa meniru tetangga dapat memperluas deforestasi, menciptakan siklus yang terus berlanjut di area produksi kakao dan tanaman komersial lainnya. “Memahami interaksi sosial dan dampak lingkungan sangat penting untuk memahami deforestasi di negara-negara ini dan merancang solusi yang efektif,” kata Ngouhouo-Poufoun.<\/p>\n

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jika pembangunan mendorong rumah tangga beralih dari pertanian skala kecil ke komoditas internasional seperti kakao, “hal ini dapat menyebabkan peningkatan deforestasi yang signifikan,” kata para penulis.<\/p>\n

“Perilaku meniru dan dampak sampinganya membuat kakao menjadi tanaman dengan risiko deforestasi tinggi di bawah pengelolaan lahan yang lemah.”<\/p>\n

Sebaliknya, rumah tangga yang mengonsumsi banyak dari apa yang mereka produksi cenderung tidak melakukan deforestasi dibandingkan dengan yang menjual hasil produksi mereka ke pasar. Namun, “ketika rumah tangga memiliki akses yang lebih baik ke pasar, mereka cenderung mengurangi porsi konsumsi sendiri, yang juga dapat meningkatkan deforestasi,” tulis para peneliti.<\/p>\n

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Foto oleh Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun\/University College of London <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Foto oleh Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun\/University College of London <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Studi ini memberikan wawasan penting untuk proyek dan kebijakan pembangunan. Para penulis menyerukan zonasi penggunaan lahan yang tepat serta insentif untuk mengurangi deforestasi dan dampak perubahan iklim dari praktik pertanian yang dianggap berkelanjutan seperti agroforestri kakao.<\/p>\n

“Studi ini penting karena dalam penggunaan lahan yang berbeda, biasanya fokus pada dampak langsungnya terhadap alam,” kata Denis Jean Sonwa, mantan ilmuwan senior di Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional dan World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>) yang saat ini menjabat sebagai Direktur RDI di World Resources Institute Afrika, dan salah satu penulis studi tersebut. “Namun, studi ini menyoroti bahwa kakao tidak hanya mempengaruhi pertanian saja, tetapi juga semua dinamika rantai nilainya, termasuk pendapatan dan cara pengelolaannya.”<\/p>\n

Para penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dalam konteks aturan perdagangan internasional terkait komoditas bebas deforestasi, “penting untuk mempertimbangkan model pembangunan yang dapat meningkatkan standar hidup serta melindungi hutan.” Mereka menyarankan pendekatan dengan mendorong petani untuk mengadopsi sistem agroforestri kakao yang kompleks, serta perencanaan penggunaan lahan yang lebih baik dan insentif untuk praktik pertanian berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

Baca studi ini di sini<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\n

Ucapan terima kasih<\/strong><\/p>\n

Penelitian lapangan ini dilaksanakan melalui program <\/em>Studi Komparatif Global tentang REDD+<\/em><\/a> dari Center for International Forestry Research dan World Agroforestry (<\/em>CIFOR-ICRAF<\/em><\/a>), dengan pendanaan dari Norwegian Agency for International Development (NORAD). Pendanaan untuk staf diterima dari Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI GCRF) dari UK Research and Innovation melalui proyek Trade, Development and the Environment Hub (TRADE Hub).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Agroforestri kakao yang meningkatkan kehidupan lokal tampaknya dapat menjadi solusi win-win bagi masyarakat dan ekosistem. Namun, studi terbaru tentang pilihan mata pencaharian dan dampak deforestasi di tepi hutan lembah Kongo menunjukkan hal ini belum tentu benar. Studi ini dilakukan oleh tim peneliti internasional dengan cara melakukan survei 1035 rumah tangga di Kamerun dan Gabon, sebagai […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":88724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12057,12105],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2481,2522,2498,11726],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-88715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bentang-alam","category-hutan-masyarakat","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-agroforestri","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-kakao","tag-bahasa-lembah-kongo","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPendapatan Kakao Berpotensi Tingkatkan Risiko Deforestasi di Lembah Kongo - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/88715\/pendapatan-kakao-berpotensi-tingkatkan-risiko-deforestasi-di-lembah-kongo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pendapatan Kakao Berpotensi Tingkatkan Risiko Deforestasi di Lembah Kongo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Agroforestri kakao yang meningkatkan kehidupan lokal tampaknya dapat menjadi solusi win-win bagi masyarakat dan ekosistem. 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