{"id":88699,"date":"2024-07-03T09:44:59","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T02:44:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=88699"},"modified":"2025-08-04T07:49:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T00:49:14","slug":"studi-terbaru-ungkap-ruang-lingkup-dan-dampak-degradasi-lahan-gambut-peru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/88699\/studi-terbaru-ungkap-ruang-lingkup-dan-dampak-degradasi-lahan-gambut-peru","title":{"rendered":"Studi Terbaru Ungkap Ruang Lingkup dan Dampak Degradasi Lahan Gambut Peru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Di kedalaman rawa sawit di hutan Amazon Peru, lapisan tebal gambut menyimpan sejumlah besar karbon. Para ilmuwan tahu, menebang pohon dan membuka lahan berarti melepas gas rumah kaca. Meskipun demikian, saat ini, sebuah studi terbaru<\/a> oleh peneliti CIFOR-ICRAF menunjukkan, degradasi rawa sawit pada dekade terakhir \u2013 dengan menebang sebagian pohon, meski tidak menggunduli seluruh rawa \u2013 telah menyebabkan emisi gas rumah kaca yang lebih dari deforestasi.<\/p>\n

Temuan ini menggaris bawahi pentingnya memasukkan degradasi lahan gambut, bukan hanya deforestasi, dalam penghitungan emisi gas rumah kaca Peru, selain kebutuhan kebijakan untuk membantu menjaga meluasnya ekspansi pada tegakkan rawa sawit Mauritia flexuosa<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cBanyak negara tidak memiliki data degradasi hutan,\u201d kata Kristell Hergoualc\u2019h, ilmuwan senior fungsi ekosistem dalam Tim Perubahan Iklim, Energi dan Pembangunan Rendah Karbon CIFOR-ICRAF, sekaligus ko-penulis makalah. \u201cDi Peru, informasi tersebut masih kurang untuk lahan gambut Amazon.\u201d<\/p>\n

Baru-baru ini, Peru menyusun komitmen kontribusi nasional (NDC), ketetapan reduksi gas rumah kaca untuk deforestasi lahan gambut di bawah Perjanjian Paris mengenai perubahan iklim. Namun, studi yang memetakan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan di lahan gambut ini menemukan, meski deforestasi dan degradasi hutan meningkat antara 1990 dan 2018, ancaman terbesar muncul dari degradasi.<\/p>\n\n

Emisi lebih tinggi dari degradasi <\/strong><\/p>\n

Para peneliti menggunakan data satelit untuk memetakan deforestasi dan degradasi pada 28 juta hektare rawa sawit di wilayah Ucayali dan Loreto Peru dari 1990 hingga 2007 dan 2007 hingga 2018. Studi menerapkan penurunan densitas tutupan pohon dalam menentukan degradasi, menandai pertama kalinya degradasi dipetakan di wilayah tersebut.<\/p>\n

Menggunakan pengukuran dari riset lapangan sebelumnya pada berbagai jenis lahan rawa, peneliti menghitung jumlah karbon yang tersimpan dalam gambut dan emisi akibat dari deforestasi dan degradasi.<\/p>\n

Sekitar 5,1 juta hektare area studi merupakan lahan gambut, diperkirakan menyompan 3,88 petagram (4,3 miliar ton) karbon. Studi menemukan bahwa sekitar setengah juta hektare area tersebut telah terdeforestasi atau terdegradasi antara 1990 dan 2018. Meski peningkatan deforestasi tertinggi, lebih dari dua kali lipat dari 1,900 hektare per tahun antara 1990-2007 menjadi 4.200 hektare per tahun antara 2007-2018, degradasi tersebut menyebabkan perubahan terbesar \u2013 sekitar 85% perubahan tutupan pohon.<\/p>\n

Akibatnya, emisi karbon dari degradasi menjadi dua kali lipat dari deforestasi. Pada antara 1990-2018, total emisi dari deforestasi sekitar 12,9 teragram (14 juta ton), dibanding 26,3 teragram (29 juta ton) emisi dari degradasi pada periode yang sama. Meski emisi dari hasil deforestasi terbentuk dari kombinasi pohon tumbang dan kehilangan karbon dari gambut, tampaknya seluruh emisi dari degradasi muncul dari gambut, jelas Hergoualc\u2019h.<\/p>\n

Temuan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya memasukkan degradasi lahan gambut dalam penghitungan karbon Peru, kata para peneliti.<\/p>\n\n

Pemanenan berkelanjutan adalah kunci <\/strong><\/p>\n

Satu faktor kunci dalam degradasi rawa gambut adalah teknik pemanenan buah sawit Mauritia flexuosa<\/em>, yang di Peru disebut aguaje<\/em>. Buah aguaje<\/em> dijual oleh pedagang kaki lima dan di pasar di kota seperti Iquitos dan Yurimaguas, selain dihaluskan untuk membuat jus, es krim dan camilan buah beku. Sejalan dengan meluasnya wilayah kota dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, permintaan pasar juga meningkat.<\/p>\n

Secara tradisional, aguaje<\/em> dipanen dengan menebang pohon untuk memetik tandan buah terbesar. Hal ini menyebabkan degradasi rawa sawit, karena pohon tumbang tidak diganti, kata para peneliti. Mengingat hanya pohon betina yang berbuah dan ditebang, metode panen tradisional ini pada akhirnya menurunkan reproduksi.<\/p>\n

Para peneliti menemukan degradasi lebih luas di sepanjang Sungai Mara\u00f1\u00f3n dekat Iquitos, kota Amazon terbesar di Peru, serta dekat Yurimaguas, yang juga merupakan pasar terbesar buah aguaje.<\/p>\n

Sejumlah program pemerintah dan organisasi nirlaba mendorong penduduk desa untuk memanjat sawit dan memotong tandan besar aguaje, bukan menebang pohon untuk mengumpulkan buah. Di sekitar salah satu komunitas di Cagar Alam Nasional Samiria Pacaya, sebuah kawasan lindung, hutan menunjukkan pemulihan setelah masyarakat mulai menggunakan metode panen berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

\u201cSebagian masyarakat berdedikasi untuk memanjat sawit aguaje dan tidak menebangnya,\u201d kata Matthew S. Marcus, ketua penulis makalah dan asisten profesor di Universitas Arizona. \u201cKesehatan rawa sawit di area tersebut jelas lebih baik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Kebijakan memberi insentif bagi panen berkelanjutan aguaje dapat membantu menurunkan degradasi, kata Hergoualc\u2019h. Meskipun, pemantauan pemanenan dan ketertelusuran dalam menjamin buah dipanen secara berkelanjutan masih menjadi tantangan.<\/p>\n

Pengambil kebijkan di tingkat lokal dan regional juga perlu informasi lebih mengenai rawa gambut dan urgensinya dalam mencapai target iklim nasional, tambahnya.<\/p>\n

Meski studi terbaru ini mengungkap tingkat emisi karbon dari degradasi rawa sawit, peneliti menyatakan diperlukan lebih banyak lagi kerja lapangan atau \u201cpembuktian lapangan\u201d untuk mengonfirmasi korelasi antara densitas kanopi dan degradasi lahan gambut. Marcus juga sedang meneliti sekelompok masyarakat dalam memahami cara masyarakat memanen dan alasan mereka menggunakan teknik berkelanjutan atau memilih menebang pohon.<\/p>\n

\u201cUntuk menarik kesimpulan mengenai lahan gambut, kita harus ke lapangan,\u201d kata Hergoualc\u2019h. \u201cKami melakukan berbagai penelitian lapangan mengenai simpanan dan emisi karbon di area densitas pohon rendah, medium dan tinggi, namun kita perlu melanjutkan penelitian ini dan melakukannya secara konsisten di seluruh Amazon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Untuk informasi lebih, silakan hubungi: Kristell Hergoualc\u2019h, k.hergoualch@cifor-icraf.org<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Ucapan terima kasih <\/strong><\/p>\n

Penelitian CIFOR-ICRAF di lahan gambut rawa sawit Peru dilaksanakan dalam kemitraan dengan Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (IIAP) melalui Studi Komparatif Global mengenai REDD+ (GCS), didanai oleh NORAD, dan Program Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Lahan Basah (SWAMP) yang dilaksanakan oleh Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) dan USDA Forest Service dengan pendanaan dari USAID. <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Di kedalaman rawa sawit di hutan Amazon Peru, lapisan tebal gambut menyimpan sejumlah besar karbon. Para ilmuwan tahu, menebang pohon dan membuka lahan berarti melepas gas rumah kaca. Meskipun demikian, saat ini, sebuah studi terbaru oleh peneliti CIFOR-ICRAF menunjukkan, degradasi rawa sawit pada dekade terakhir \u2013 dengan menebang sebagian pohon, meski tidak menggunduli seluruh rawa […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":88704,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12057,12105],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[7011,7301,2622,3393],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[831],"class_list":["post-88699","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bentang-alam","category-hutan-masyarakat","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-gambut","tag-bahasa-gcs-redd","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-peru","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStudi Terbaru Ungkap Ruang Lingkup dan Dampak Degradasi Lahan Gambut Peru - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/88699\/studi-terbaru-ungkap-ruang-lingkup-dan-dampak-degradasi-lahan-gambut-peru\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Studi Terbaru Ungkap Ruang Lingkup dan Dampak Degradasi Lahan Gambut Peru\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Di kedalaman rawa sawit di hutan Amazon Peru, lapisan tebal gambut menyimpan sejumlah besar karbon. 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