{"id":84412,"date":"2023-09-27T13:37:15","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T06:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=84412"},"modified":"2025-08-04T07:49:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-04T00:49:21","slug":"menghindari-kepunahan-akibat-perdagangan-spesies-pohon-tropis-internasional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/84412\/menghindari-kepunahan-akibat-perdagangan-spesies-pohon-tropis-internasional","title":{"rendered":"Menghindari Kepunahan Akibat Perdagangan Spesies Pohon Tropis Internasional"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Menyelamatkan spesies terancam punah merupakan tantangan penting bagi gerakan konservasi dan keberlanjutan, selain juga merupakan masalah kelangsungan hidup karena keanekaragaman hayati memberi penghidupan bagi banyak masyarakat dunia. Menurut laporan Wahana Kebijakan Sains-Kebijakan Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Jasa Ekosistem Antar-pemerintah (IPBES), kita menghadapi <a href=\"https:\/\/ipbes.net\/news\/Media-Release-Global-Assessment#:~:text=The%20Report%20finds%20that%20around,20%25%2C%20mostly%20since%201900.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">krisis kepunahan<\/a>. Meski degradasi habitat terkait perubahan penggunaan lahan skala besar merupakan penyebab utama hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati dan spesies, eksploitasi berlebihan terhadap alam liar \u2013 termasuk perdagangan ilegal satwa liar dan tumbuhan serta risiko biosekuriti terkait \u2013 juga merupakan kontributor yang signifikan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pada 1973, Konvensi Perdagangan Internasional Spesies Fauna dan Flora Liar Terancam Punah (CITES) diadopsi. Secara historis, spesies pohon tropis tidak terlalu menonjol dalam spesies yang tercantum dalam konvensi, namun penekanan pada area ini meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Sebuah buku yang dipublikasikan oleh Cambridge University Press, <em>CITES As a Tool for Sustainable Development <\/em>(yang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/brief\/CITES-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">dirangkum<\/a> oleh Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a>), memasukkan beberapa spesies pohon sebagai studi kasus untuk menguji efektivitas implementasi CITES dalam mencapai Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SGDs). Menurut laporan ini, meski banyak kemajuan telah dicapai, masih banyak yang harus dilakukan untuk melindungi spesies dari kepunahan melalui perdagangan internasional.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Kisah CITES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Setelah lebih dari satu dekade negosiasi dan pertemuan, sepuluh negara menyepakati Konvensi Perdagangan Internasional Spesies Fauna dan Flora Liar Terancam Punah (CITES) pada Konvensi Washington pada 1973. Setengah abad kemudian, CITES memiliki 183 negara anggota, termasuk Uni Eropa. Penandatangan harus mengadaptasi legislasi \u00ad\u2013 atau mengadopsi legislasi baru \u00ad\u2013 untuk memenuhi kriteria tertentu, termasuk menetapkan otoritas ilmiah dan manajemen, melarang perdagangan yang melanggar Konvensi, menghukum pelanggaran perdagangan, dan mengatur penyitaan satwa dan tumbuhan yang diperdagangkan dan dimiliki secara ilegal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CITES membuat daftar spesies yang berisiko diperdagangkan dalam tiga lampiran, dengan tingkat kontrol berjenjang sesuai pada tingkat ancamannya. Lampiran I meliputi subyek terancam punah, hanya dapat diperdagangkan dalam keadaan luar biasa dan memerlukan izin impor dan ekspor; Lampiran II mencakup subyek yang dapat diperdagangkan sesuai peraturan, yang seringkali didasarkan pada kuota tahunan dan izin ekspor yang disepakati; dan Lampiran III merupakan daftar unilateral yang pengendalian perdagangannya relatif minimal.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Implementasi Konvensi ini memiliki tantangan tersendiri. Setiap penandatangan harus menerapkannya di tengah serangkaian peraturan administratif, perdata, pidana, dan lingkungan hidup yang rumit di tingkat lokal, regional, nasional, dan internasional. Konvensi ini juga menghadapi besarnya tekanan dalam mengatasi masalah seperti hilangnya habitat, Kemunculan Penyakit Zoonosis (EZDs), dan konflik manusia dengan satwa liar \u2013 yang  tidak ada satupun dirancang untuk diatur. Lebih lanjut, CITES beroperasi dalam konteks yang lebih luas yaitu kejahatan lingkungan hidup transnasional terorganisir terhadap spesies liar, yang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41893-019-0363-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mengancam pembangunan berkelanjutan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dalam menghadapi tantangan tersebut, CITES hadir sebagai sebuah perjanjian lingkungan hidup multilateral yang kompleks dan dinamis yang mampu melakukan penyesuaian dan adaptasi dengan menggunakan berbagai instrumen. Para penandatangannya merevisi teks Konvensi; meluncurkan Proyek Legislasi Nasional (NLP) untuk membantu para pihak mengadaptasi undang-undang dan peraturan; merancang aturan untuk mengendalikan mekanisme perdagangan; menetapkan proses kepatuhan jangka panjang; dan mengajukan ratusan usulan penambahan atau perubahan daftar setelah Konferensi Para Pihak (CoPs), serta langkah-langkah lainnya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>CITES dan Spesies Kayu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ketika CITES diterapkan pada 1975, hanya 18 spesies pohon terdaftar. Usulan memasukkan spesies kayu komersial dalam Lampiran II (dibandingkan dengan Lampiran III yang tidak terlalu membatasi) sering mendapat penolakan, terutama dari negara spesies tersebut tumbuh. Terdapat kesalahpahaman umum bahwa pencatatan spesies sama dengan larangan perdagangan; Oleh karena itu, negara yang khawatir bahwa hal ini akan mengakibatkan penggunaan dan konsumsi dilarang atau dibatasi. Pada 2007, pada CoP-14 CITES, penolakan ini terwujud dalam kegagalan seluruh proposal untuk membuat daftar spesies kayu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Enam tahun kemudian, CoP-16 CITES menunjukkan hasil berbeda: seluruh 350+ proposal untuk daftar spesies pohon baru \u2013 sekitar 200 di antaranya digunakan dan diperdagangkan untuk diambil kayunya \u00ad\u2013 diterima dengan suara bulat. Perubahan sikap ini bertepatan dengan peluncuran program kolaboratif di bawah CITES dan Organisasi Kayu Tropis Internasional (ITTO) untuk mendukung peningkatan kapasitas guna memperkuat perlindungan spesies pohon dalam Konvensi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sejak itu, jumlah spesies kayu terdaftar terus bertambah. Konvensi ini mendukung implementasi yang efektif melalui <a href=\"https:\/\/cites-tsp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Program Spesies Pohon<\/a>. Program ini menawarkan bantuan keuangan langsung kepada para penandatangan upaya konservasi dan pengelolaan guna memastikan perdagangan kayu, kulit kayu, ekstrak, dan produk lainnya dari spesies pohon yang terdaftar dalam CITES bersifat berkelanjutan, legal, dan dapat dilacak.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Namun, sejalan dengan <em>CITES Sebagai Alat untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan<\/em> dan penelitian <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biosci\/biad0404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">penelitian terbaru<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, masih terdapat kesenjangan yang signifikan. Banyak spesies, seperti shihuahuaco (<em>Dipteryx micrantha<\/em>) yang terancam punah \u2013 dipanen besar-besaran untuk memasok perdagangan parket internasional \u2013 di Peru masih belum terdaftar. Perdagangan dalam negeri spesies terdaftar tidak diatur, meskipun begitu, konvensi ini mendorong sejumlah resolusi yang berdampak pada spesies tertentu \u2013 terutama perdagangan gading dan trenggiling. CITES perlu berbuat lebih akurat memantau pasokan, terutama pada perdagangan ilegal, dan mempertimbangkan sifat kompleks dari permintaan atau menghadapi perubahan dinamika pasar.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menyelamatkan spesies terancam punah merupakan tantangan penting bagi gerakan konservasi dan keberlanjutan, selain juga merupakan masalah kelangsungan hidup karena keanekaragaman hayati memberi penghidupan bagi banyak masyarakat dunia. Menurut laporan Wahana Kebijakan Sains-Kebijakan Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Jasa Ekosistem Antar-pemerintah (IPBES), kita menghadapi krisis kepunahan. Meski degradasi habitat terkait perubahan penggunaan lahan skala besar merupakan penyebab utama [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":453,"featured_media":84416,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12057,12105],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2833,2489,11404],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[8518],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10948],"class_list":["post-84412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bentang-alam","category-hutan-masyarakat","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-cites","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-konvensi-perdagangan-internasional-spesies-fauna-dan-flora-liar-terancam-punah-cites","type-bahasa-opini"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Menghindari Kepunahan Akibat Perdagangan Spesies Pohon Tropis Internasional - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/84412\/menghindari-kepunahan-akibat-perdagangan-spesies-pohon-tropis-internasional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Menghindari Kepunahan Akibat Perdagangan Spesies Pohon Tropis Internasional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Menyelamatkan spesies terancam punah merupakan tantangan penting bagi gerakan konservasi dan keberlanjutan, selain juga merupakan masalah kelangsungan hidup karena keanekaragaman hayati memberi penghidupan bagi banyak masyarakat dunia. 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Meski degradasi habitat terkait perubahan penggunaan lahan skala besar merupakan penyebab utama [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/84412\/menghindari-kepunahan-akibat-perdagangan-spesies-pohon-tropis-internasional\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-09-27T06:37:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-04T00:49:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/51141129512_6621501530_o-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"D. Andrew Wardell\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/84412\\\/menghindari-kepunahan-akibat-perdagangan-spesies-pohon-tropis-internasional#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/84412\\\/menghindari-kepunahan-akibat-perdagangan-spesies-pohon-tropis-internasional\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"D. 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