{"id":82383,"date":"2023-04-11T10:00:50","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T03:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=82383"},"modified":"2023-04-11T10:00:50","modified_gmt":"2023-04-11T03:00:50","slug":"peran-penting-konteks-dalam-deforestasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/82383\/peran-penting-konteks-dalam-deforestasi","title":{"rendered":"Peran Penting Konteks dalam Deforestasi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ketika memilih bagaimana cara menurunkan deforestasi, para pengambil keputusan menghadapi beragam opsi kebijakan: apakah memperkuat penegakkan hukum dan memperberat sanksi aktivitas illegal, atau mempertinggi manfaat aktivitas konservasi dengan menerapkan pembayaran jasa lingkungan? Perlukah menargetkan konsumen untuk mengurangi deforestasi, atau aktor dalam rantai pasok dan mempertinggi standar transparansi? Ataukah meningkatkan keamanan tenurial agar pemilik lahan dapat menegakkan hak mereka?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Jawaban umum atas pertanyaan itu tampaknya akan: \u201ctergantung konteksnya\u201d. Para pengambil keputusan kemudian dapat melihat pada pengalaman sebelumnya atau yang tengah terjadi dalam implementasi kebijakan serta dampaknya untuk menentukan kebijakan mana yang akan memberi hasil terbaik dalam konteks tertentu. Sayangnya, basis bukti jenis kebijakan yang berhasil, dan lokasinya, terserak dan bahkan hilang untuk sejumlah kebijakan. Terlebih, relasi antara karakteristik ragam konteks dan efektivitas kebijakan dilaporkan sangat kompleks.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kita memformulasi rekomendasi yang baik mengenai performa kebijakan terbaik dalam menurunkan deforestasi dan konteksnya, kami mengusulkan dalam makalah terbaru agar kebijakan hutan diklasifikasi dan ditempatkan dalam berbagai jenis, bergantung pada perbedaan dan kesamaan terkait cara mereka mengurangi deforestasi (yaitu, teori perubahannya).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dalam rangka menyusun tipologi kebijakan, pertama kami mengidentifikasi daftar kebijakan dan tindakan yang bertujuan mengubah perilaku aktor terkait hutan, dengan harapan menurunkan deforestasi. Sejauh ini, kami mengidentifikasi daftar 35 kebijakan dan tindakan berbeda berdasarkan telaah literatur saintifik dan dokumen kebijakan di empat negara hutan tropis penting: Brasil, Republik Demokratik Kongo, Indonesia, dan Peru. Daftar ini tidak terlalu panjang dan akan berubah sejalan dengan identifikasi kebijakan dan tindakan hutan yang baru. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Kami mengklasifikasi setiap kebijakan menurut tiga atribusi. Pertama adalah tipe utama aktor yang menjadi target kebijakan; bisa termasuk pemilik lahan serta pengguna komoditas dan produk terkait deforestasi, aktor rantai pasok, pemerintah, atau aktor finansial terkait deforestasi. Atribusi kedua adalah motivasi utama pemicu kebijakan; kami menggunakan  teori psikologi and ekonomi dalam mengidentifikasi empat motivasi berbeda di balik perubahan perilaku, seperti meningkatkan akses untuk penghargaan eksternal atau memuaskan kebutuhan untuk menjadi bagian kelompok sosial atau merasa kompeten dalam melakukan aksi tertentu. Atribusi kedua yaitu penyebab utama deforestasi yang berusaha diatasi oleh kebijakan; misalnya, kebijakan seperti pembayaran jasa lingkungan (PES), menargetkan langsung pada penyebab deforestasi dan mempertinggi manfaat aktivitas yang berkontribusi pada penurunan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. Kebijakan lain dalam mengatasi  <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioscience\/article\/52\/2\/143\/341135?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">penyebab mendasar deforestasi<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">, seperti mengatasi lemahnya tata kelola, ketidakamanan tenurial, atau ketidakcukupan tingkat pembangunan. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Klasifikasi 35 kebijakan dan tindakan yang kami susun berdasarkan target aktor utama, motivasi psikologis dan target penyebab deforestsi menghasilkan identifikasi 10 jenis kebijakan. Sepuluh jenis kebijakan ini tidak hanya mencakup solusi tradisional dalam mengubah perilaku produsen, seperti kebijakan perintah dan kendali serta insentif ekonomi, tetapi juga kebijakan sisi permintaan dan kebijakan yang memicu mekanisme psikologis, seperti rasa memiliki sosial: <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Empat tipe kebijakan dan tindakan menargetkan pengguna lahan atau produsen pertanian di negara kaya hutan dan bertujuan untuk memicu seluruh rentang motivasi yang teridentifikasi. Insentif ekonomi seperti PES menciptakan penghargaan eksternal, sementara tindakan perintah-dan-kendali seperti kawasan lindung berdasar pada memicu rasa takut melalui ancaman hukuman. Kebijakan lain memperkuat kapasitas pemilik lahan untuk mengelola hutan secara berkelanjutan, misalnya, dengan memberi hak pemanfaatan.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dua tipe kebijakan dan tindakan menargetkan aktor pemerintah atau berbagai pemangku kepentingan termasuk aktor pemerintah dan bertujuan meningkatkan tata kelola negara hutan tropis. Hal ini meliputi, misalnya wahana multipihak dan kebijakan desentrasilasi. <\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dua jenis kebijakan dan tindakan yang bertujuan mengurangi permintaan terhadap komoditas dan produk terkait hutan. Kebijakan ini menargetkan konsumen akhir atau aktor perantara rantai nilai, seperti perusahaan multinasional yang membeli komoditas hutan berisiko seperti kelapa sawit, dan melakukan kampanye kesadaran atau kebijakan pengadaan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559684&quot;:-2,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;multilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dua tipe terakhir kebijakan dan tindakan memiliki kesamaan yaitu dapat digunakan untuk mempengaruhi perilaku dari spektrum luas aktor terkait hutan, dan menargetkan motivasi eskternal (yaitu pernghargaan atau hukuman). Secara khusus, ini termasuk subsidi dan pajak.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:true,&quot;134233118&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tipologi kebijakan kami merupakan bagian dari riset yang tengah berlangsung mengenai diagnostik deforestasi di bawah <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/gcs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Studi Komparatif Global mengenai REDD+.<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"> Diagnostik deforestasi bertujuan berkontribusi pada identifikasi kaitan antara konteks karakteristik dan efektivitas kebijakan dan tindakan yang diterapkan pada berbagai situasi. Kami berharap usulan tipologi kebijakan ini dapat berperan sebagai titik awal bagi perbandingan efektivitas kebijakan lintas kasus dan konteks di masa datang. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">___ <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Untuk informasi lebih, silakan kontak <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">Julia Naime (julia.del.carmen.naime.sanchez.henkel@nmbu.no) atau Colas Chervier (<\/span><a href=\"mailto:c.chervier@cifor-icraf.org\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">c.chervier@cifor-icraf.org<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\">).<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233117&quot;:false,&quot;134233118&quot;:false,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:225,&quot;335559739&quot;:300,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>___<\/p>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Studi Komparatif Global REDD+ CIFOR (www.cifor-icraf.org\/gcs). Mitra donor yang mendukung penelitian ini meliputi Badan Kerjasama Pembangunan Norwegia, Inisiatif Iklim Internasional (IKI) Kementerian Lingkungan, Konservasi Alam, dan Keamanan Nuklir Pemerintah Federal Jerman, serta Program Penelitian Hutan, Pohon, dan Agroforestru CGIAR (CRP-FTA) dengan dukungan finansial dari Dana Donor CGIAR.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\"> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ketika memilih bagaimana cara menurunkan deforestasi, para pengambil keputusan menghadapi beragam opsi kebijakan: apakah memperkuat penegakkan hukum dan memperberat sanksi aktivitas illegal, atau mempertinggi manfaat aktivitas konservasi dengan menerapkan pembayaran jasa lingkungan? Perlukah menargetkan konsumen untuk mengurangi deforestasi, atau aktor dalam rantai pasok dan mempertinggi standar transparansi? Ataukah meningkatkan keamanan tenurial agar pemilik lahan dapat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":304,"featured_media":82387,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[7301,2819],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[8183],"class_list":["post-82383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-gcs-redd","tag-bahasa-redd","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Peran Penting Konteks dalam Deforestasi - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/82383\/peran-penting-konteks-dalam-deforestasi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Peran Penting Konteks dalam Deforestasi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ketika memilih bagaimana cara menurunkan deforestasi, para pengambil keputusan menghadapi beragam opsi kebijakan: apakah memperkuat penegakkan hukum dan memperberat sanksi aktivitas illegal, atau mempertinggi manfaat aktivitas konservasi dengan menerapkan pembayaran jasa lingkungan? Perlukah menargetkan konsumen untuk mengurangi deforestasi, atau aktor dalam rantai pasok dan mempertinggi standar transparansi? 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