{"id":81276,"date":"2023-02-10T15:37:46","date_gmt":"2023-02-10T08:37:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=81276"},"modified":"2023-02-10T15:37:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-10T08:37:46","slug":"sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/81276\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat","title":{"rendered":"Sepuluh Kriteria untuk Memahami Pengakuan dan Penghormatan Hak Masyarakat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tujuh prinsip pengamanan untuk REDD+ diadopsi pada Konferensi Para Pihak untuk Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (UNFCC) di Cancun pada 2010. Dua di antara prinsip-prinsip tersebut membahas partisipasi dan penghormatan secara langsung pada hak masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal (IP dan LC). Prinsip-prinsip ini harus \u201cdiinterpretasikan\u201d oleh negara REDD+ menggunakan kerangka hukum nasionalnya, untuk memutuskan, sebagai contoh, siapa yang diakui sebagai IP atau LC, dan apa yang dimaksud dengan \u201cpenghormatan\u201d atau \u201cpartisipasi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Saat berbagai negara bergerak melewati fase kesiapan menuju fase pembayaran berbasis hasil REDD+, standar pengamanan perlu diperiksa ulang. Setiap proses kerangka pengamanan nasional memiliki konteks khusus; dan sebagai tambahan pada kerangka kerja UNFCC, terdapat proliferasi transaksi pasar sukarela, masing-masing dengan standar pengamanannya sendiri. Bagaimana perlindungan ditafsirkan, dan apa artinya ini bagi IP dan LC?<\/p>\n<p>Sebagai bagian dari Studi Komparatif Global CIFOR-ICRAF tentang REDD+ (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor-icraf.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">GCS REDD+<\/a>), kami melakukan kajian dokumen hukum dan wawancara dengan para pakar dari Republik Demokratik Kongo (DRC) untuk memahami tingkat pengakuan dan perlindungan hak masyarakat adat dan LC pada hukum dan kebijakan dalam konteks REDD+. Kami ingin memahami apakah perlindungan dapat memastikan bahwa inisiatif \u2018tidak merugikan\u2019 selain mengeksplorasi potensi untuk dapat mendorong untuk \u2018lebih bermanfaat\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>Hasil awal tinjauan tersebut \u2013 tahap pertama analisis komparatif pengalaman terhadap kerangka pengaman REDD+ di DRC, Indonesia, dan Peru \u2013 telah tersedia dalam publikasi terbaru.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Kontribusi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dalam publikasi tersebut, kami mensintesis temuan awal ke dalam tabel dengan 10 kriteria terkait pengakuan dan penghormatan hak-hak IP dan LC di DRC.<\/p>\n<p>Sepuluh hal tersebut adalah: (1) pengakuan hukum kelompok yang secara historis kurang terwakili; (2) keselarasan dengan pengamanan Cancun; (3) pengakuan  ketidaksetaraan gender atau eksklusi perempuan; (4) pengakuan hak IP menurut hukum internasional; (5) pengakuan hak tanah dan sumber daya alam IP dan LC; (6) pengakuan hak karbon masyarakat; (7) pengakuan hak IP dan LC atas persetujuan bebas, didahulukan dan diinformasikan; (8) mekanisme pembagian keuntungan formal; (9) mekanisme pengaduan resmi; dan (10) pemantauan, pelaporan, dan verifikasi kepatuhan terhadap isu hak dan inklusi sosial.<\/p>\n<p>Setiap kriteria telah dievaluasi untuk melihat apakah legislasi di DRC telah sesuai: sepenuhnya, sebagian, atau tidak sama sekali. Di DRC hampir semua hasil menunjukkan keselarasan sebagian, dengan kemajuan penting dalam beberapa bulan terakhir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Status dukungan untuk hak IP dan LC dalam konteks REDD+<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Interpretasi kerangka pengaman REDD+ dilakukan dalam konteks \u2013 meskipun ada kemajuan selama dua dekade terakhir terkait dengan konservasi dan lingkungan \u2013 hak masyarakat adat belum dilindungi. Sebaliknya, IP disatukan dengan \u2018komunitas lokal\u2019, yang didefinisikan sebagai kelompok yang \u201csecara tradisional diatur berbasis adat dan disatukan oleh ikatan klan atau solidaritas turunan yang mendukung kohesi internalnya [dan] dicirikan oleh keterikatan pada suatu wilayah.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Definisi ini bermasalah karena tidak memungkinkan IP diakui secara tepat, selain juga menggabungkan mereka dengan beberapa populasi desa yang cenderung memarjinalisasi mereka, memperburuk kondisi mereka yang sudah rentan dan mengalami kemiskinan ekstrem. Pada akhir 2022, definisi baru IP disahkan menjadi undang-undang dengan ditandatanganinya Undang-Undang Pemajuan dan Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Adat Pigmi oleh Presiden.<\/p>\n<p>Berkenaan dengan hak atas tanah, Konstitusi menjamin kepemilikan kolektif atas tanah sesuai dengan hukum atau adat. Meski demikian, kepemilikan tanah secara eksklusif berada di tangan negara dan dalam praktiknya, masyarakat dan individu hanya dapat memegang hak menikmati, menggunakan, hak pakai hasil, peralihan, dan konsesi atas tanah negara. Beberapa kemajuan terkait hak atas sumber daya dicapai dalam Undang-Undang Kehutanan 2002, yang memberi masyarakat lokal hak untuk mendapatkan konsesi hutan dan konservasi. Meskipun terdapat tantangan menerapkan konsesi ini karena membutuhkan modal dan kemampuan teknis.<\/p>\n<p>Saat ini, DRC juga sedang membuat revisi UU Pertanahan. Bersama dengan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/79629\/analysis-of-rights-and-redd-safeguards?fnl=\">regulasi baru hak untuk masyarakat adat Pigmi<\/a>, pengembangan kebijakan ini dapat mendorong kemajuan menuju hak tanah dan sumber daya IP dan LC saat diterapkan.<\/p>\n<p>Mengenai kesetaraan gender dan hak-hak perempuan, DRC telah meratifikasi perjanjian dan konvensi relevan. Konstitusi menetapkan prinsip kesetaraan laki-laki dan perempuan. Mengenai sumber daya alam, bagaimanapun, hanya strategi kerangka kerja REDD+ nasional yang membutuhkan integrasi lintas sektor dari masalah gender dalam kebijakan, perencanaan, dan pelaksanaan proyek REDD+.<\/p>\n<p>Mengenai hak karbon, Peraturan Menteri 2018 tentang REDD+ menegaskan bahwa stok karbon hutan adalah milik negara, dan mengakui bahwa unit pengurangan emisi dimiliki oleh mereka yang berinvestasi dalam REDD, termasuk pada masyarakat lokal. Rencana pembagian manfaat REDD+ diharapkan dapat distandarisasikan, selain reformasi sektoral di bidang tenurial lahan dan perencanaan penggunaan lahan, di antara beberapa  bidang lainnya, akan membantu memperjelas pengaturan pembagian manfaat.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Melihat ke depan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Terlepas dari kemajuan positif dengan Undang-Undang Pemajuan Hak-Hak Masyarakat Adat Pigmi, serta posisi DRC sebagai salah satu negara paling maju di Afrika terkait REDD+, sejumlah reformasi penting tetap perlu dilakukan, Nota kesepahaman kedua yang ditandatangani antara DRC dan Inisiatif Hutan Afrika Tengah (CAFI) memberi peluang untuk mendukung reformasi ini.<\/p>\n<p><em>Karya ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari Studi Komparatif Global REDD+ Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>www.cifor.org\/gcs<\/em><\/a><em>). Mitra pendanaan yang mendukung penelitian ini yaitu Badan Kerjasama Pembangunan Norwegia (Norad, Grant No. QZA-21\/0124), Inisiatif Iklim Internasional (IKI) Kementerian untuk Lingkungan,  Konservasi Alam dan Keselamatan Nuklir Federal Jerman (BMU, Grant No. 20_III_108), dan Program Penelitian Hutan, Pohon,  dan Wanatani CGIAR (CRP-FTA) dengan dukungan dana dari Dana Donor CGIAR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tujuh prinsip pengamanan untuk REDD+ diadopsi pada Konferensi Para Pihak untuk Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (UNFCC) di Cancun pada 2010. Dua di antara prinsip-prinsip tersebut membahas partisipasi dan penghormatan secara langsung pada hak masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal (IP dan LC). Prinsip-prinsip ini harus \u201cdiinterpretasikan\u201d oleh negara REDD+ menggunakan kerangka hukum nasionalnya, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":274,"featured_media":81278,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[7301,6686,2819],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7287,2214,11180],"class_list":["post-81276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-gcs-redd","tag-bahasa-iklim","tag-bahasa-redd","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sepuluh Kriteria untuk Memahami Pengakuan dan Penghormatan Hak Masyarakat - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/81276\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sepuluh Kriteria untuk Memahami Pengakuan dan Penghormatan Hak Masyarakat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tujuh prinsip pengamanan untuk REDD+ diadopsi pada Konferensi Para Pihak untuk Konvensi Kerangka Kerja PBB tentang Perubahan Iklim (UNFCC) di Cancun pada 2010. Dua di antara prinsip-prinsip tersebut membahas partisipasi dan penghormatan secara langsung pada hak masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal (IP dan LC). Prinsip-prinsip ini harus \u201cdiinterpretasikan\u201d oleh negara REDD+ menggunakan kerangka hukum nasionalnya, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/81276\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-02-10T08:37:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/49063488196_cf75409442_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti, Anne M. Larson, Marie-Bernard Dhedya Lonu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@JuanPaSarmiento\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/334a988086fa80032093f624c06c25da\"},\"headline\":\"Sepuluh Kriteria untuk Memahami Pengakuan dan Penghormatan Hak Masyarakat\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-10T08:37:46+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\"},\"wordCount\":820,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/49063488196_cf75409442_k.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"copyrightYear\":\"2023\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\",\"name\":\"Sepuluh Kriteria untuk Memahami Pengakuan dan Penghormatan Hak Masyarakat - Landscape Alliance Forests News\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/49063488196_cf75409442_k.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-02-10T08:37:46+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/81276\\\/sepuluh-kriteria-untuk-memahami-pengakuan-dan-penghormatan-hak-masyarakat#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/49063488196_cf75409442_k.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/02\\\/49063488196_cf75409442_k.jpg\",\"width\":2048,\"height\":1365,\"caption\":\"Village de Ikongo, RDC. 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After lecturing in Social Anthropology at the universities of Durham and St Andrews in the United Kingdom between 2011-2016, Juan Pablo is now part of CIFOR's Global Comparative Study of REDD+ (seconded from the Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru). Based in the Lima hub, he coordinates multi-sited research on multi-stakeholder initiatives around land use and land use change in Brazil, Ethiopia, Indonesia, and Peru. The project examines the potential role of these initiatives in transforming BAU decision-making practices in order to create more equitable outcomes for forest-dependent communities. As part of his wider work, Juan Pablo is also interested in exploring the real and potential transgressions of indigenous rights throughout REDD+ readiness and implementation phases around the world, and the potential application of this framework as a pro-rights tool that enables environmental justice for indigenous communities. Juan Pablo has carried out more than 40 months of ethnographic research with indigenous Amazonian communities since 2007, during which he has collaborated and carried out action research with indigenous organizations on their life plans, approaches to well-being, and resource management practices. 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