{"id":80837,"date":"2023-01-23T16:19:03","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T09:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=80837"},"modified":"2023-01-23T16:19:03","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T09:19:03","slug":"lahan-gambut-amazon-dari-dekat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/80837\/lahan-gambut-amazon-dari-dekat","title":{"rendered":"Lahan Gambut Amazon \u2013 dari Dekat"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cIni adalah gambut,\u201d kata Peneliti Kristell Hergoualc\u2019h, menunjuk pada area yang gelap dan lembap di tanah yang terdiri dari daun, batang, dan bahan organik yang membusuk. Kebanyakan dari anggota rombongan yang menemaninya dalam kunjungan ke Las Brisas aguajal<\/em> (area rawa di kawasan hutan yang mudah banjir) \u2013 terletak di kilometer enam di jalan Iquitos-Nauta di wilayah Loreto Peru \u2013 sudah akrab dengan konsep tersebut, tetapi ini adalah pertama kalinya mereka melihat gambut (dan lahan gambut) dari dekat.<\/p>\n

Kelompok yang menyertai Hergoualc’h berasal dari berbagai organisasi, termasuk pejabat Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup (MINAM) Peru, National Forestry and Wildlife Service<\/em> (SERFOR), Peruvian Amazon Research Institute<\/em><\/a> (IIAP) dan organisasi akademik yang melakukan perhitungan hutan dan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Kunjungan mereka ke kawasan ini merupakan bagian dari kegiatan hari pertama workshop <\/em>pelatihan penghitungan stok karbon dan fluks GRK di lahan gambut, yang diselenggarakan oleh Tim Perubahan Iklim CIFOR-ICRAF, IIAP, US Forest Service<\/em><\/a>,<\/em> University of St Andrews di Inggris dan SilvaCarbon.<\/a><\/p>\n

Lahan gambut tersebut merupakan lokasi penelitian Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program <\/em>(SWAMP<\/a>) dan Global Comparative Study <\/em>(GCS<\/a>) tentang REDD+ yang dilakukan antara 2014 dan 2019, penelitian yang dipimpin oleh Hergoualc’h di Peru dan mengukur stok karbon, respirasi tanah total dan heterotrofik, dinamika akar halus, serasah gugur dan fluks metana dan dinitrogen oksida untuk menilai keseimbangan karbon dan emisi GRK dari gambut. Data yang dikumpulkan merupakan kunci untuk penghitungan dan pelaporan menuju dimasukkannya lahan gambut Peru ke dalam strategi perubahan iklim nasional.<\/p>\n

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Peserta lokakarya Las Brisas, Peru. Foto oleh: Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lahan gambut Amazon. Foto oleh: Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Akan tetapi, jumlah pohon palem semakin berkurang dan area yang dianggap mengalami degradasi di tingkat sedang telah menjadi area dengan degradasi tinggi.<\/p>\n

Lanskap yang dihuni oleh Mauritia flexuosa <\/em>biasanya tergenang air hampir sepanjang tahun, lahan gambut aguajal <\/em>menyimpan karbon dalam jumlah yang sangat besar di dalam tanah dan merupakan kunci untuk mengatur siklus air di Amazon, melindungi keanekaragaman hayati yang langka, dan menyediakan mata pencaharian penting bagi masyarakat setempat. Degradasi dan kehilangannya tidak hanya memancarkan lebih banyak GRK ke atmosfer, tetapi juga mengubah ekosistem dengan konsekuensi ekologis yang tidak dapat diperbaiki.<\/p>\n

Oleh karena itu, upaya kolaboratif antara CIFOR-ICRAF,<\/a> SWAMP, GCS, IIAP dan lembaga akademis lainnya selama hampir sembilan tahun fokus dalam mempelajari lahan gambut dan penyediaan data serta analisis untuk mendukung kebijakan publik untuk konservasi dan pengelolaan berkelanjuta<\/a>n dan memperlihatkan urgensi untuk menghindari skenario hilangnya layanan ekosistem yang tidak dapat diperbaiki.<\/p>\n

Upaya ini<\/a> telah membuahkan hasil awal, dengan Peru memasukkan lahan gambut ke dalam peraturan lahan basah untuk pertama kalinya,<\/a> yang diharapkan dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai bagian dari Tingkat Emisi Rujukan Hutan di bawah komitmen REDD+ negara tersebut.<\/p>\n

\u201cDegradasi lahan basah aguajal <\/em>harus dihentikan,<\/em> bergerak maju dengan peraturan mereka dalam kebijakan dan bekerja dengan masyarakat lokal untuk bergerak menuju pengelolaan berkelanjutan,\u201d kata Hergoualc’h.<\/p>\n

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Di musim kemarau, dimungkinkan untuk berjalan di atas lahan gambut. Foto oleh: Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Palem Aguaje. Foto oleh: unior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Pemantauan karbon secara intensif<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pada hari kedua workshop<\/em>, para peserta dibawa ke lokasi pemantauan karbon intensif Quistococha yang dipimpin oleh para Ilmuwan IIAP. Peneliti Peru telah mengumpulkan data tentang perilaku GRK di ekosistem aguajal<\/em> sejak 2016.<\/p>\n

Menara fluks emisi yang memiliki sensor yang merekam fluks GRK seperti karbon dioksida, metana, dan uap air dari ekosistem, dipasang dengan dukungan dana dari Dinas Kehutanan AS. Selain itu ada juga sensor yang dipasang di tanah, di pohon, dan di pohon palem untuk memberikan detail lebih lanjut tentang fluks gas ini di tingkat subekosistem.<\/p>\n

\u201cSemua alat ini membantu untuk memahami proses pengukuran fluks gas yang meninggalkan permukaan dan permukaan lahan basah dan memancar ke atmosfer, serta gas yang memasuki ekosistem,\u201d kata Lizardo Fach\u00edn, seorang peneliti IIAP.<\/p>\n

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Penjelasan tentang pemantauan GRK IIAP. Foto oleh:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Dia juga mengatakan bahwa proyek tersebut sedang mengimplementasikan fase kedua yang disebut \u201cProses biofisik dan mekanisme umpan balik yang mengendalikan kontribusi metana di lahan gambut Amazon\u201d.<\/p>\n

Hasilnya akan memberikan bukti kepada para pembuat keputusan untuk menyoroti pentingnya aguajale<\/em> dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim dan potensi mereka di bawah komitmen iklim dan juga untuk mempromosikan kebijakan dan tindakan pengelolaan berkelanjutan dan konservasi lahan gambut Amazon Peru.<\/p>\n

Kegiatan workshop dan kunjunga yang dilaksanakan memberikan kesempatan untuk peningkatan kapasitas fluks GRK bagi pejabat yang bekerja di bidang perubahan iklim di tingkat kebijakan nasional dan kesempatan untuk belajar tentang potensi, status dan peluang pengelolaan lahan gambut aguajal <\/em>Peru.<\/p>\n

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Pengukuran emisi tanah di Quistococha, Peru. Foto oleh: Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Penjelasan tentang pemantauan GRK IIAP. Foto oleh: Junior Raborg\/CIFOR-ICRAF<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Penelitian ini dilakukan di bawah Sustainable Wetlands Adaptation and Mitigation Program (SWAMP) dan Global Comparative Study entang REDD+(<\/em>www.cifor.org\/gcs<\/em><\/a>). Kegiatan ini didukung secara penuh oleh pemerintah Amerika Serikat dan Norwegia. Kegiatan ini juga dilakukan sebagai bagian dari program penelitian CGIAR tentang Hutan, Pohon dan Agroforestri (Forests, Trees and Agroforestry, CRP-FTA) dengan dukungan keuangan dari Donor Dana CGIAR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cIni adalah gambut,\u201d kata Peneliti Kristell Hergoualc\u2019h, menunjuk pada area yang gelap dan lembap di tanah yang terdiri dari daun, batang, dan bahan organik yang membusuk. Kebanyakan dari anggota rombongan yang menemaninya dalam kunjungan ke Las Brisas aguajal (area rawa di kawasan hutan yang mudah banjir) \u2013 terletak di kilometer enam di jalan Iquitos-Nauta di […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":146,"featured_media":80840,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[7301,6970,2622,3393,7082],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[1626],"class_list":["post-80837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-gcs-redd","tag-bahasa-karbon","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-peru","tag-bahasa-swamp","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLahan Gambut Amazon \u2013 dari Dekat - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/80837\/lahan-gambut-amazon-dari-dekat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lahan Gambut Amazon \u2013 dari Dekat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cIni adalah gambut,\u201d kata Peneliti Kristell Hergoualc\u2019h, menunjuk pada area yang gelap dan lembap di tanah yang terdiri dari daun, batang, dan bahan organik yang membusuk. 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