{"id":80440,"date":"2022-12-26T11:25:32","date_gmt":"2022-12-26T04:25:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=80440"},"modified":"2022-12-26T11:47:00","modified_gmt":"2022-12-26T04:47:00","slug":"lebih-dari-seperempat-hutan-basin-kongo-terancam-punah-pada-2050","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/80440\/lebih-dari-seperempat-hutan-basin-kongo-terancam-punah-pada-2050","title":{"rendered":"Lebih dari Seperempat Hutan Basin Kongo Terancam Punah pada 2050"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sedikitnya 27% hutan hujan utuh yang ada di lembah sungai Kongo pada 2020, menurut sebuah laporan terbaru, akan hilang pada 2050 jika laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan dibiarkan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Diperkirakan ada 200 juta hektare hutan hijau dan semi-gugur di Afrika Tengah, termasuk Angola dan Uganda, pada Januari 2020 \u2013 dengan 184,7 juta hektare tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda gangguan, menurut <\/span>laporan kondisi hutan di negara-negara Basin Kongo<\/span><\/a> dari Pengamatan Hutan Afrika Tengah (<\/span>OFAC<\/span><\/a>). Sayangnya, sejak saat itu laju hilangnya tegakkan hutan semakin cepat. Sejauh ini, tidak kurang dari 18 juta hektare hutan hilang. <\/span><\/p>\n

Laporan<\/span> Versi Bahasa Perancis<\/span><\/a> diluncurkan<\/span><\/a> pada Pertemuan Para Pihak Kemitraan Hutan Basin Kongo ke-19, sementara <\/span>versi Bahasa Inggris<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/a>dirilis. <\/span><\/p>\n

Para penulis <\/span>bab pertama<\/span><\/a> l<\/span>aporan, yang dipimpin oleh Juliette Dalimier menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi peningkatan signifikan tingkat gangguan hutan hujan antara tahun 2015 dan 2020, yang mencapai puncaknya sebesar 1,79 juta hektare per tahun. Pada dekade sebelum 2015, kehilangan tahunan mencapai 1,36 juta hektare. Laju gangguan tahunan telah meningkat di semua negara Afrika Tengah sejak 2009. <\/span><\/p>\n

Republik Demokratik Kongo (DRC) merupakan negara urutan pertama di Afrika dan kedua di negara dunia tropis yang memiliki sisa hutan hujan tropis tidak terganggu terbesar, yaitu seluas 105,8 juta hektare. Kamerun, Gabon, dan Kongo menunjukkan kawasan hutan utuh serupa berkisar antara 19,8 hektare dan 23,4 juta hektare. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDalam menyusun laporan, hutan dipetakan dalam terminologi floristik, fisiognomi, dan stok karbon. Data inventarisasi volume pengelolaan dikumpulkan dari 105 konsesi hutan di seluruh Afrika Tengah, di luar wilayah dataran tinggi dan kelebihan air tanah, yang untuk pemetaan floristik juga diperhitungkan. Sekitar 6 juta pohon berdiameter lebih dari 30 cm dan mencakup sekitar 90.000 hektare dianalisis, untuk memungkinkan para peneliti mengkategorikan tiga gradien floristik berdasarkan iklim, musim, dan suhu maksimum serta aktivitas manusia,\u201d jelas Dalimier. <\/span><\/p>\n\n

Agar mendapatkan hasil yang rinci, para peneliti juga menggunakan teknik pemetaan tipe hutan terbaru berdasarkan fisiognomi. Teknik ini memberi mereka informasi spasial terperinci pada resolusi spasial 20 m dan semantik yang belum pernah dicapai sebelumnya untuk cakupan geografis seluas itu. Hal ini didapat berkat data satelit Sentinel-2 yang diperoleh pada 2020 dan metode baru koreksi citra yang melibatkan pengisian area tertutup awan dengan pengamatan dari 2018-2019 yang diperoleh dari satelit mirip radar Sentinel-1 yang tidak sensitive terhadap gangguan awan. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan produksi komposit tahunan yang koheren<\/span><\/p>\n

Namun, karena keterbatasan pengamatan lapangan dan kesulitan mengekstrapolasi cadangan karbon melalui penginderaan jarak jauh, para peneliti tidak dapat menentukan distribusi spasial cadangan karbon hutan di seluruh Afrika Tengah. <\/span><\/p>\n

Berkat penelitian yang mengklasifikasikan kawasan penelitian hutan tidak terganggu, hutan terdegradasi dan non-hutan pada tingkat subnasional, para peneliti menemukan bahwa unit administratif yang hutan utuhnya lebih sedikit ternyata lebih rapuh karena biasanya memiliki proporsi hutan terdegradasi lebih tinggi. Ternyata sebagian besar kawasan hutan yang dikonversi menjadi perkebunan antara 1990 dan 2020 di Afrika terletak di DRC (80.000 ha), Kamerun (70.000 ha), dan Gabon (40.000 ha). <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"\"
Proporsi hutan utuh (hijau tua), hutan terdegradasi (hijau muda), dan bukan hutan menurut satuan administrasi menurut data Hutan Tropis Lembab 2019. Pada gambar, areal yang mengalami deforestasi sebelum 2019 diklasifikasikan sebagai bukan hutan. Sumber: OFAC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Berdasarkan studi tersebut, para peneliti juga dapat menemukan bahwa di seluruh lembah sungai Kongo, 5% kawasan lindung tumpang tindih dengan izin tambang, 65% diantaranya ditempati oleh hutan utuh atau terdegradasi. Menurut laporan tersebut, DRC dan Republik Afrika Tengah mengalami degradasi dan deforestasi hutan paling signifikan yang terkait dengan sektor pertambahan. Selain tambang artisanal, perlu dicatat bahwa 11,6% wilayah Kongo (DRC) ditutupi dengan dengan izin tambang, 35% diantaranya adalah hutan. <\/span><\/p>\n

Para peneliti juga menemukan, deforestasi akibat pembangunan infrastruktur operasi tambang skala besar menyebabkan efek langsung (kehilangan keanekaragaman hayati) dan tidak langsung (pencemaran lingkungan air). Secara bersamaan masuknya orang yang bertujuan mendapatkan keuntungan dari aset ekonomi tambang memicu meningkatnya perburuan liar dan pertanian subsistem di dalam atau di sekitar hutan terdekat. <\/span><\/p>\n

PARADOKS KAWASAN LINDUNG<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Merespon kebutuhan untuk membatasi tekanan atas hutan, melestarikan ekosistem kaya fauna dan flora, serta memberi manfaat bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan, pemerintah di Basin Kongo menetapkan banyak kawasan lindung dalam dua dekade terakhir. Sayangnya, sumber daya teknis dan manusia yang lemah, ketidakstabilan politik, kurangnya dana dan konflik di banyak negara sub-kawasan menghalangi upaya tersebut. Akibatnya, sulit terbentuk manajemen yang tepat bagi kawasan lindung, meskipun para peneliti percaya bahwa kebijakan alokasi lahan di kawasan lindung adalah metode berharga dalam melawan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKawasan lindung, konsesi hutan dan hutan masyarakat memungkinkan pengurangan kehilangan hutan secara signifikan dan melibatkan penduduk lokal dalam konservasi hutan seraya memastikan penghidupan mereka,\u201d kata kontributor laporan, Pierre Ploton dari Pusat Penelitian Pertanian Prancis untuk Pembangunan Internasional (CIRAD). <\/span><\/p>\n

Menempati urutan kedua dalam luas hutan lembab lebat di Amazon, hutan Basin Kongo menonjol sebagai penyimpan karbon sangat besar \u2013sekitar 40 gigaton karbon \u2013 serta keanekaragaman hayati untuk berbagai negara Afrika Tengah serta untuk planet ini. Urgensi untuk menjaga semua ini bukanlah hal yang berlebihan, karena hutan ini merupakan sumber penghidupan bagi sekitar 60 juta orang dan membantu memberi makan kepada 40 juta orang lain di pusat perkotaan terdekat. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAfrika Tengah adalah kawasan prioritas konservasi keanekaragaman hayati karena tingginya nilai warisan dan tingkat endemismenya. Ekosistemnya memiliki nilai kebaikan bersama, bagi generasi saat ini, jutaan orang yang mendapatkan manfaat dari sumber daya alam yang tersedia, dan untuk generasi mendatang. Seperti di permukaan bumi lain, keanekaragaman hayati sub-kawasan ini terancam oleh banyak faktor, dan karena itu nasibnya harus dilihat sebagai tanggung jawab bersama negara-negara Afrika Tengah dan Masyarakat internasional,\u201d tutup Richard Atyi, Penghubung Regional CIFOR-ICRAF untuk Afrika Tengah. <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Penelitian ini didukung oleh komisi Eropa melalui proyek RIOFAC<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sedikitnya 27% hutan hujan utuh yang ada di lembah sungai Kongo pada 2020, menurut sebuah laporan terbaru, akan hilang pada 2050 jika laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan dibiarkan. Diperkirakan ada 200 juta hektare hutan hijau dan semi-gugur di Afrika Tengah, termasuk Angola dan Uganda, pada Januari 2020 \u2013 dengan 184,7 juta hektare tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":470,"featured_media":80444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[11178,2534,2489,7702],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[11146],"class_list":["post-80440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-basin-kongo","tag-bahasa-ekosistem","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-konsesi-hutan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLebih dari Seperempat Hutan Basin Kongo Terancam Punah pada 2050 - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/80440\/lebih-dari-seperempat-hutan-basin-kongo-terancam-punah-pada-2050\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lebih dari Seperempat Hutan Basin Kongo Terancam Punah pada 2050\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sedikitnya 27% hutan hujan utuh yang ada di lembah sungai Kongo pada 2020, menurut sebuah laporan terbaru, akan hilang pada 2050 jika laju deforestasi dan degradasi hutan dibiarkan. 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