{"id":80056,"date":"2022-11-28T10:30:50","date_gmt":"2022-11-28T03:30:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=80056"},"modified":"2022-11-28T11:41:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T04:41:06","slug":"laporan-ipcc-merinci-bencana-besar-bagi-planet-seiring-meningkatnya-ancaman-perubahan-iklim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/80056\/laporan-ipcc-merinci-bencana-besar-bagi-planet-seiring-meningkatnya-ancaman-perubahan-iklim","title":{"rendered":"Laporan IPCC Merinci Bencana Besar bagi Planet Seiring Meningkatnya Ancaman Perubahan Iklim"},"content":{"rendered":"

Banyak lanskap alam berada pada kondisi tak bisa dipulihkan, dan tanpa aksi menghadapi perubahan iklim, planet ini akan menjadi planet yang tidak bisa ditinggali.<\/p>\n

Laporan utama<\/a> dari Panel Lintas Pemerintah untuk Perubahan Iklim (IPCC) menyajikan visi yang tegas tentang masa depan jika aksi bersama tidak dilakukan untuk menghambat pemanasan global.<\/p>\n

\u201cPerubahan iklim terjadi pada kita,\u201d ujar Robert Nasi, Direktur Pelaksana Center for Intenational Forestry Research and World Agroforestry<\/em> (CIFOR-ICRAF). \u201cIni bukan lagi risiko, melainkan realitas dan mitigasi tidak lagi memadai. Pesannya jelas – kita sekarang juga harus fokus pada penempatan rencana-rencana adaptasi untuk melindungi ekosistem dan komunitas yang paling rentan.”<\/p>\n

Ancaman yang berkaitan dengan iklim terhadap spesies dan ekosistem \u2013 termasuk hutan dan lanskap agroforestri \u2013 terutama di area-area dimana terkonsentrasi keanekaragaman hayati, menunjukkan risiko global yang meningkat setiap ada kenaikan pemanasan global 0,1 derajat.<\/p>\n

Potensi resiliensi akan menjadi semakin terbatas apabila komunitas global tidak mengambil tindakan yang seharusnya mendesak untuk dilakukan dan emisi gas rumah kaca tidak berkurang secara cepat, terutama apabila pemanasan global 1,5 derajat Celsius di atas era pra-industri terlampaui. Demikian tertulis dalam laporan itu.<\/p>\n

Meskipun masih ada kemungkinan untuk beradaptasi pada kondisi iklim baru, jika pemanasan global melampaui 1,5 derajat Celsius, risiko terhadap manusia dan sistem alam akan meningkat, dan beberapa di antaranya akan mustahil untuk berbalik kondisinya. Pada peningkatan 2 derajat Celsius, di berbagai area tanaman pangan akan sulit tumbuh. Laporan tersebut menuliskan pesannya.<\/p>\n

\u201cEmisi global ditetapkan untuk meningkat hampir 14 persen sepanjang dekade ini,\u201d ujar Sekretaris Jenderal PBB, Antonio Guterres pada peluncuran laporan tersebut. \u201cItu mengakibatkan bencana dan akan menghancurkan setiap kesempatan untuk bertahan pada 1,5 derajat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kehilangan strategi mitigasi Kesepakatan Paris untuk membatasi pemanasan pasca-era industri di bawah 2 derajat Celsius dan membatasinya pada 1,5 derajat Celsius sebagian disebabkan oleh tidak terkendalinya emisi karbon yang memanaskan planet yang terus meningkat.<\/p>\n

Pada awalnya, topik ini terdapat dalam perundingan iklim tahun 2015 di Paris, kesepakatan ini menjadi fokus pada diskusi intens oleh para pemimpin negara di COP 26 di Glasgow bulan November 2021, yang melahirkan kesepakatan untuk menahan dan mengembalikan hutan yang hilang dan lahan terdegradasi pada 2030.<\/p>\n\n

Untuk mencapai emisi 1,5 harus mengurangi 45 persen pada 2030 dan emisi emisi dengan netto nol harus tercapai pada 2050, tetapi dengan komitmen-komitmen yang ada sekarang, emisi global akan meningkat hampir 14 persen di atas dekade ini, ujar Guterres.<\/p>\n

Risiko terkena penyakit zoonosis amat mungkin akan meningkatkan risiko seperti penyakit akibat virus seperti SARS, MERS, dan SARS-CoV-2. Seiring berubahnya tingkat reproduksi dan distribusi rumput liar, hama serangga, vektor patogen dan penyakit, tekanan pada tanaman, hutan, dan ternak akan meningkat.<\/p>\n

Strategi adaptasi dan mitigasi dapat membangun ketahanan iklim, namun kesuksesannya tergantung pada aksi inklusif secara sosial dari pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat sipil dalam memprioritaskan pengurangan risiko, kesetaraan, dan keadilan. Demikian isi laporan tersebut.<\/p>\n

Ekosistem yang unik menghadapi risiko dari pemanasan global karena kematian pohon secara massal dan kerusakan permanen yang disebabkan oleh gelombang panas pada ekosistem lainnya.<\/p>\n

Perubahan iklim yang disebabkan oleh manusia telah mengakibatkan kehilangan dan kepunahan spesies, tingkat tinggi kejadian penyakit dan kematian massal tumbuhan serta hewan. Kondisi ini juga membawa pada peningkatan deforestasi, degradasi, dan penggandaan area yang terbakar terlihat dari bertambahnya jumlah dan meningkatnya intensitas kebakaran. Kebakaran menghasilkan emisi karbon ekosistem global hingga sepertiga, dan risiko kebakaran meningkat seiring dengan temperatur global.<\/p>\n

Deforestasi, pengeringan, dan pembakaran lahan gambut dan hutan, melelehnya lapisan tanah beku di Arktika telah mengubah beberapa wilayah dari penyerap karbon menjadi sumber emisi karbon. Hal ini tertulis di laporan.<\/p>\n

Ekspansi tanaman berkayu ke padang rumput dan sabana, berkaitan dengan tingkat karbon dioksida yang lebih tinggi, mengurangi lahan penggembalaan ternak, sementara rumput invasif pada lahan agak kering telah meningkatkan risiko kebakaran. Sistem \u201ckarbon biru\u201d pesisir juga berubah. Isi laporan menyebutkan hal itu.<\/p>\n

Bencana alam seperti kekeringan, gelombang panas, dan banjir menyebabkan turunnya ketersediaan pangan dan naiknya harga pangan, mengancam kondisi nutrisi, kesehatan, dan kehidupan jutaan orang. Kejadian-kejadian ekstrem membawa kerugian ekonomi dalam produktivitas hutan, tanaman pangan, dan peternakan.<\/p>\n

Memperluas jejak habitat alamiah bersamaan dengan mengurangi deforestasi dan fragmentasi ekosistem dapat melindungi keanekaragaman hayati dan solusi berbasis alam, tindakan yang menggabungkan ilmu pengetahuan, masyarakat adat, dan pengetahuan lokal, dapat mengarah pada adaptasi berbasis ekosistem yang efektif.<\/p>\n

Adaptasi pada ekosistem yang alamiah dan terkelola bisa berupa penanaman awal, mengubah variasi tumbuhan, termasuk memperkenalkan tipe genom yang tahan panas dan kekeringan.<\/p>\n

Peningkatan kondisi tanah dan pengelolaan air untuk ternak, tanaman pangan, dan budi daya air, restorasi pantai dan proses hidrologi, meningkatkan pertanian agro-ekologi, agroforestri dan pengelolaan relokasi dari spesies berisiko tinggi, semua itu dapat meningkatkan resiliensi, produktivitas, dan keberlanjutan alam dan sistem pangan.<\/p>\n

Namun demikian, adaptasi akan menemukan batasnya pada saat pemanasan global meningkat.<\/p>\n

\u201cAdaptasi menyelamatkan kehidupan,\u201d ujar Guterres. \u201cPenundaan (adaptasi) berarti kematian.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Banyak lanskap alam berada pada kondisi tak bisa dipulihkan, dan tanpa aksi menghadapi perubahan iklim, planet ini akan menjadi planet yang tidak bisa ditinggali. Laporan utama dari Panel Lintas Pemerintah untuk Perubahan Iklim (IPCC) menyajikan visi yang tegas tentang masa depan jika aksi bersama tidak dilakukan untuk menghambat pemanasan global. \u201cPerubahan iklim terjadi pada kita,\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":80061,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[9284,462,6090,95],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[9770,6686,6465,2493,6368],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[2431],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-80056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agroforestry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-covid-19","tag-bahasa-iklim","tag-bahasa-ipcc","tag-bahasa-karbon-biru","tag-bahasa-perjanjian-paris","type-bahasa-berita","type-english-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLaporan IPCC Merinci Bencana Besar bagi Planet Seiring Meningkatnya Ancaman Perubahan Iklim - 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