{"id":79856,"date":"2022-11-11T12:41:34","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T05:41:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=79856"},"modified":"2022-11-11T12:44:54","modified_gmt":"2022-11-11T05:44:54","slug":"meninjau-kembali-kelompok-marjinal-dalam-forum-multipemangku-kepentingan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/79856\/meninjau-kembali-kelompok-marjinal-dalam-forum-multipemangku-kepentingan","title":{"rendered":"Meninjau Kembali Kelompok Marjinal dalam Forum Multipemangku Kepentingan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Para peneliti telah lama bersepakat, bahwa menjawab tantangan cara pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan lahan serta sumber daya membutuhkan kolaborasi<\/a>, namun tidak mudah mewujudkannya<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bagaimana menyatukan orang dengan beragam latar belakang dan kepentingan \u2013 akses kekuasaan dan kapasitas \u2013 dan menciptakan lingkungan kondusif untuk menerapkan perubahan yang tahan lama adalah subyek perdebatan abadi. Jadi, kami memutuskan melakukan penelitian untuk menggali subjek untuk melihat di mana letak kendala dan bagaimana mengatasinya<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Makalah terbaru kami dalam Jurnal World Development<\/em> mengkaji pendapat masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal (disingkat IPLC) selain aktor marjinal dalam kelompok tersebut (misalnya, perempuan masyarakat adat dan lokal) tentang \u201cforum multipemangku kepentingan\u201d yang mereka ikuti dan potensi perubahan yang adil.<\/p>\n

Penelitian ini penting karena forum multipemangku kepentingan (atau wahana, inisiatif, dan proses) cenderung dipandang sebagai ruang imajiner untuk kolaborasi di antara yang sederajat, dan berbasis gagasan bahwa \u2018kita semua bersama\u2019 \u2013 kita menempati planet yang tidak sehat ini bersama.<\/p>\n

Simplifikasi gagasan itu menjadi hambatan bagi perubahan yang berarti. Jika kolaborasi semacam itu memberi peluang untuk perubahan \u2013 yang diyakini banyak orang \u2013 maka ini berarti bekerja dari pemahaman tentang ketidakadilan untuk membongkar fondasi ketidakadilan itu, dan memastikan semua suara didengar<\/p>\n

Temuan penelitian menghasilkan rekomendasi yang jelas untuk langkah ke depan.<\/p>\n\n

Proses partisipatif: Penelitian<\/strong><\/p>\n

Proyek penelitian kami<\/a> mendefinisikan forum sebagai proses interaktif terorganisir, menyatukan beragam pemangku kepentingan untuk berpartisipasi dalam dialog, pengambilan keputusan, dan implementasi aksi yang berupaya mengatasi masalah bersama atau untuk mencapai tujuan kemanfaatan bersama. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, agar lebih inklusif \u2014 dan dalam beberapa kasus untuk menanggapi kesepakatan internasional \u2014 forum memasukan petani kecil dan IPLC.<\/p>\n

Sebagaimana dicatat selama 40 tahun pengalaman dengan proses partisipatoris, forum yang ada lebih berstruktur atas-ke-bawah dan unilateral, tidak mendorong keadilan serta hanya mempidatokan keragaman dan peserta.<\/p>\n

Namun, hingga saat ini, hanya sedikit penelitian komparatif terpublikasi mengenai pandangan pria dan wanita masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal di forum yang mereka ikuti \u2013 yang menginspirasi penyelidikan baru<\/p>\n

Menggunakan metode campuran, penelitian ini melibatkan serangkaian wawancara dengan peserta dari 13 forum multipemangku kepentingan subnasional (dan satu nasional) yang dibentuk untuk mengatasi masalah penggunaan lahan di empat negara; 11 di antaranya memiliki laki-laki dan perempuan dari masyarakat adat dan komunitas lokal yang menjadi fokus analisis kami.<\/p>\n

Partisipan penelitian diberi serangkaian pertanyaan. Tanggapan mereka dianalisis dan dibandingkan. Lebih dari 50 diantaranya dari IPLC, dan sebagian besar dari 185 partisipan lainnya berasal dari lembaga pemerintah pusat dan daerah, 33 dari organisasi masyarakat, dan sisanya dari sektor swasta, akademisi, dan organisasi donor.<\/p>\n

Temuan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kami mengidentifikasi beberapa titik lemah umum serta kasus luar biasa, baik, dan buruk. Kami mendapati, pengurus perlu terlibat secara lebih strategis dengan IPLC untuk memastikan mereka merasa dilibatkan dan diberdayakan. Inklusi dan pemberdayaan itu penting, karena forum tempat kami bekerja dibingkai oleh sejarah mendalam ketidaksetaraan dan konflik atas tanah. Dua dari studi kasus yang dianalisis memberikan bukti kuat mengenai langkah-langkah spesifik yang diterapkan untuk memastikan inklusivitas IPLC, menghasilkan perspektif positif tentang peluang mereka untuk berkontribusi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Artikel kami juga mengungkapkan, banyak perwakilan IPLC, seperti peserta lainnya, cukup optimis terhadap potensi MSF bahkan jika mereka berpartisipasi dalam forum yang mereka anggap bermasalah atau tidak memadai. Namun, temuan ini bersyarat, karena sampel orang yang kami wawancarai terfokus pada mereka yang berpartisipasi dalam forum, alih-alih mereka yang tidak pernah diundang atau yang memilih untuk tidak hadir. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kekhawatiran lebih besar adalah sejumlah tanggapan dan prespektif kritis pada forum dalam penelitian ini, yang menunjukkan masih banyak ruang untuk perbaikan. Secara umum, kami menyadari fakta bahwa perwakilan individual IPLC dalam forum mungkin memiliki pengalaman dan pendapat yang sangat berbeda dalam konteks yang sama. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kondisi untuk pemberdayaan \u2013 dan \u2018kekuatan tandingan\u2019 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Terlepas dari optimisme umum, perwakilan IPLC jauh lebih skeptis terkait potensi forum untuk memberdayakan, menjamin suara, mencegah yang lebih berkuasa mendominasi dialog, dan menghindari risiko penempatan hak leluhur mereka atas tanah. Sifat dari tanggapan ini memberi kami wawasan pada pertanyaan tentang suara, akuntabilitas, dan hubungan kekuasaan.<\/p>\n

Yang paling mengkhawatirkan \u2013 tetapi juga paling mencerahkan \u2013 adalah temuan terkait penelitian sebelumnya mengenai akuntabilitas kelompok marjinal dalam proses multipemangku kepentingan. Hal ini secara khusus mengacu pada forum multi pemangku kepentingan sebagai \u2018ruang khusus undangan\u2019 atau \u2018ruang partisipasi terinduksi\u2019, dan telah lama menunjukan kelemahan besar terkait representasi dan suara.<\/p>\n

Para peneliti menyoroti pentingnya merawat \u2018kekuatan tandingan\u2019 untuk akuntabilitas dalam proses partisipatif. Hal ini berarti menemukan cara untuk mengurangi keuntungan kekuatan dari kelompok lebih kuat. Dua mekanisme kunci adalah menemukan<\/em> sekutu<\/em> dan aksi kolektif<\/em>. Perbedaan terbesar antara responden IPLC dan peserta lainnya terletak pada dua pertanyaan ini. Pada yang pertama, responden IPLC jauh lebih kecil kemungkinannya dibandingkan responden lain untuk melihat forum multipemangku kepentingan sebagai tempat untuk mencari sekutu. Pada yang terakhir, responden yang sama jauh lebih mungkin untuk memperjuangkan kepentingan mereka melalui beberapa jenis aksi sosial lain sebagai pilihan dibanding forum.<\/p>\n

Apa yang bisa dilakukan?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Temuan kami menyarankan aksi konkret pengurus forum untuk memfasilitasi kesetaraan dan akuntabilitas, lebih dari menerapkan perangkat fasilitasi yang baik. Kami menemukan bahwa banyak pengurus berpikir bahwa mengundang orang ke meja <\/a> adalah langkah terpenting untuk mendorong kesetaraan dan suara, meski ini hanya menutupi perbedaan.<\/p>\n

Sebaliknya, komitmen terhadap kesetaraan, suara, dan pemberdayaan kelompok marjinal harus menciptakan kondisi untuk menantang status quo. Unutuk ini, pengurus harus:<\/p>\n

Pertama, meyakinkan massa kritis dari perwakilan laki-laki dan perempuan IPLC \u2013 hanya satu atau dua perwakikan di sebuah forum akan membuat mereka sangat sulit untuk didengar, atau untuk mewakili kelompok berbeda (misalnya perempuan dan pemuda) di komunitas mereka.<\/p>\n

Kedua, berdiskusi secara terbuka dan strategis dengan seluruh perwakilan mengenai kebutuhan mereka dan bagaimana untuk memfasilitasi akuntabilitas.<\/p>\n

Ketiga, memupuk pembentukan aliansi dengan peserta lain.<\/p>\n

Terakhir, mendorong ruang untuk mengorganisasi diri, belajar dan berdiskusi antar IPLC, dan perempuan serta kelompok lain dengan suara dan pengaruh yang lebih kecil.<\/p>\n

Kebutuhan untuk bekerja sama dalam menghadapi tantangan linkungan akan terus tumbuh. Semata mengundang sejumlah aktor ke wahana partisipatif tidak cukup: kita perlu secara aktif melawan ketidaksetaraan untuk mendorong perubahan transformatif yang diperlukan.<\/p>\n

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari <\/em><\/strong>Studi Komparatif Global REDD+<\/em><\/a> CIFOR. Mitra pendanaan pendukung penelitian ini adalah Badan Kerjasama Pembangunan Norwegia (Norad, Hibah No. QZA-21\/0124), Inisiatif Iklim Internasional (IKI) Lingkungan, Konservasi Alam, dan Keselamatan Nuklir Kementerian Federal Jerman untuk (BMU, Hibah No. 20_III_108), dan Program Penelitian Hutan, Pohon, dan Wanatani CGIAR (CRPFTA) yang didukung Dana Bantuan CGIAR.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para peneliti telah lama bersepakat, bahwa menjawab tantangan cara pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan lahan serta sumber daya membutuhkan kolaborasi, namun tidak mudah mewujudkannya. Bagaimana menyatukan orang dengan beragam latar belakang dan kepentingan \u2013 akses kekuasaan dan kapasitas \u2013 dan menciptakan lingkungan kondusif untuk menerapkan perubahan yang tahan lama adalah subyek perdebatan abadi. Jadi, kami memutuskan melakukan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":196,"featured_media":79860,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,173],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[11107,7301,6686,7179],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[8518],"type-english":[8171],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[2214,7287,10922],"class_list":["post-79856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-gender-justice-tenure","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-forum-multipemangku-kepentingan","tag-bahasa-gcs-redd","tag-bahasa-iklim","tag-bahasa-masyarakat","type-bahasa-opini","type-english-opinions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMeninjau Kembali Kelompok Marjinal dalam Forum Multipemangku Kepentingan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers have long agreed that fixing the challenges surrounding the way land and resources are used and managed requires collaboration.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/79856\/meninjau-kembali-kelompok-marjinal-dalam-forum-multipemangku-kepentingan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Meninjau Kembali Kelompok Marjinal dalam Forum Multipemangku Kepentingan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Researchers have long agreed that fixing the challenges surrounding the way land and resources are used and managed requires collaboration.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/79856\/meninjau-kembali-kelompok-marjinal-dalam-forum-multipemangku-kepentingan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-11T05:41:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-11-11T05:44:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/35852048406_37eb2d62b9_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1363\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anne M. 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Larson\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bd2178e24e54298dd1858d856f97b99fb4a1a18673cc6ff3c933e218618414f?s=96&d=mm&r=g4ed83ae5d851796b4986e2a808759c5d\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bd2178e24e54298dd1858d856f97b99fb4a1a18673cc6ff3c933e218618414f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/4bd2178e24e54298dd1858d856f97b99fb4a1a18673cc6ff3c933e218618414f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Anne M. Larson\"},\"description\":\"Anne M. Larson conducts research on multiple aspects of forest and landscape governance policy and institutions, including property rights, climate change, decentralization, indigenous territories and gender, from local to international scales. She obtained her undergraduate degree in Environmental Science from Stanford University and her PhD in 2001 from U.C. Berkeley in Wildland Resource Science, with an emphasis on resource policy and institutions. Her current work includes developing research strategies, projects and methodologies; fundraising; supervising and conducting research; writing and editing books, reports, article, briefs and more popular materials such as illustrated training manuals and flyers in indigenous languages; networking with policy-makers, NGOs and grassroots organizations for impact; and project management. She is a member of the council of the International Association for the Study of the Commons (IASC, 2014-16) and represents CIFOR to the Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI). Before moving full time to CIFOR\u2019s office in Lima, Peru, Anne lived in Nicaragua, where she did consultancies with multiple numerous organizations including GIZ, the Nicaraguan Forestry Institute (INAFOR), World Resources Institute (WRI), Ford Foundation, the Nitlapan Institute for Research and Development and the World Bank, among others. She has done both more traditional and action research, as well as supporting innovative efforts such as the design of a diploma course for indigenous communities and community leaders. Prior to obtaining her PhD, she worked as a journalist, activist and lobbyist. Current research priorities include opportunities and challenges for forest tenure reforms; women\u2019s rights to land in communal forests; and multilevel governance, REDD+ and low emissions development. 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