{"id":79581,"date":"2022-10-26T11:03:32","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T04:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=79581"},"modified":"2022-10-26T11:27:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T04:27:52","slug":"di-indonesia-pongamia-yang-kaya-minyak-menarik-perhatian-karena-mudah-tumbuh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/79581\/di-indonesia-pongamia-yang-kaya-minyak-menarik-perhatian-karena-mudah-tumbuh","title":{"rendered":"Di Indonesia, Pongamia yang Kaya Minyak Menarik Perhatian karena Mudah Tumbuh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kita mengetahui betapa sulitnya untuk menumbuhkan tanaman di lahan terdegradasi. Dipangkas dari tutupan hutan aslinya, dikeringkan dan sering terkontaminasi, diasamkan dan\/atau terganggu oleh salinifikasi, lahan terdegradasi sering tetap kosong selama beberapa dekade, sehingga melepaskan karbon dioksida tingkat tinggi ke atmosfer untuk sementara.<\/p>\n

Hal ini membuat Ilmuwan Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)<\/a>, Himlal Baral dan rekan-rekannya sangat senang ketika melihat spesies pohon asli Pongamia pinnata<\/em> dapat tumbuh subur hanya dalam waktu 1,5 tahun setelah ditanam di petak percobaan di lahan gambut terdegradasi di Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. Mereka juga mengamati bahwa jenis pohon asli ini juga tumbuh dengan baik di lahan bekas pertambangan di sana dan di daerah terdegradasi di Jawa Tengah. \u201cIni adalah daerah berbatu dengan kondisi tanah yang sangat buruk \u2013 hampir tidak ada lapisan tanah atas \u2013 namun pongamia dapat tumbuh di mana-mana,\u201d ujarnya.<\/p>\n

Pongamia merupakan salah satu spesies tanaman yang tumbuh dengan cepat, dapat mengikat nitrogen, berkanopi lebar, yang merupakan tumbuhan asli di sebagian besar wilayah Asia dan Pasifik dan secara tradisional digunakan untuk kayu bakar, pakan ternak, naungan, perbaikan tanah dan tujuan pengobatan. Di kepulauan Indonesia, \u201cAnda dapat menemukannya di sebagian besar tempat,\u201d kata Baral, \u201cTetapi orang belum tentu tahu nilai atau kegunaannya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Sekarang, sebuah artikel baru<\/a> di jurnal Forests,<\/em> yang ditulis oleh sekelompok ilmuwan kehutanan Indonesia dan internasional, termasuk Baral, berupaya membagikan manfaat pongamia, pahlawan ekosistem tropis yang belum dikenal, dengan mendokumentasikan potensinya untuk memenuhi produksi energi, restorasi, dan tujuan mata pencaharian.<\/p>\n

Terlihat jelas<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Katyono, CIFOR<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Sebagai bagian dari kontribusi yang ditentukan secara nasional untuk Perjanjian Paris PBB tentang perubahan iklim, Pemerintah Indonesia telah berkomitmen untuk memulihkan 14 juta hektare lahan terdegradasi dan marjinal \u2013 termasuk sekitar dari 2 juta hektare lahan gambut yang terdegradasi \u2013 pada 2030. Menurut para peneliti, pongamia merupakan tumbuhan yang menarik yang dapat menjadi bagian upaya restorasi, karena sangat kuat dan dapat berkembang dalam berbagai kondisi lingkungan yang keras, termasuk panas dan kekeringan yang ekstrem, genangan air, salinitas, dan kontaminasi bahan kimia.<\/p>\n

Namun, karakter yang disebutkan di atas bukan satu-satunya alasan mengapa pongamia merupakan tumbuhan yang menarik. \u201cPemerintah mungkin berfokus terhadap restorasi, tetapi masyarakat lokal memiliki ketertarikan pada pohon yang dapat memberi mereka nilai atau pendapatan,\u201d kata Baral. Di sini pongamia dapat memenuhi kebutuhan ini, penelitian terbaru menemukan bahwa benih unggul menawarkan potensi yang signifikan sebagai sumber biofuel – termasuk sebagai bahan bakar jet terbarukan, non-korosif, dan tidak memiliki emisi belerang.<\/p>\n

Karena pongamia dapat ditanam di lahan yang memiliki sedikit potensi pertanian, penggunaan pongamia dapat menghindari kritik terhadap tanaman bahan bakar nabati: bahwa mereka mengambil tempat berharga, tanah subur yang dapat digunakan untuk menanam makanan. Mengingat tujuan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan proporsi energinya yang berasal dari sumber terbarukan lokal, menanam pongamia untuk bahan bakar nabati bisa menjadi pilihan mata pencaharian yang bijaksana bagi penduduk lokal di lahap terdegradasi di seluruh Indonesia.<\/p>\n

Penghargaan yang tertunda<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Buah polong dari pohon pongamia mengandung satu atau dua biji yang kaya minyak. Foto oleh:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Ada manfaat lain bagi petani kecil yang mengikutsertakan pongamia ke dalam sistem pertanian mereka. Pohon pongamia tumbuh subur di ketinggian dari permukaan laut hingga lebih dari 1.200 meter, dengan demikian menjadikan pongamia tanaman yang menjanjikan untuk agroforestri kopi. Spesies lain seperti Leucana leucocephala<\/em> yang secara tradisional digunakan petani Indonesia untuk naungan kopi, \u201cSangat rentan terhadap hama invasif seperti Heteropsylla cubana<\/em>, yang sekarang endemik di pulau-pulau itu,\u201d kata Budi Leksono, Profesor di Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup, Kementerian Kehutanan Indonesia.<\/a><\/p>\n

Secara umum, penggunaan pestisida dan herbisida untuk mengendalikan hama berdampak negatif pada rasa kopi, dan kesehatan ekosistem. \u201cJadi petani kita sekarang membutuhkan spesies alternatif untuk naungan kopi,\u201d katanya. Pongamia, dengan ketahanan hama alami dan kualitas tanah, adalah pilihan yang jelas: pada 2022, para ilmuwan berencana untuk mulai menguji coba pongamia untuk tujuan ini di dataran tinggi Bali.<\/p>\n

Kredit karbon adalah hal lain yang menjanjikan untuk perkebunan pongamia. \u201cPada momen global khusus ini, Anda dapat membayangkan permintaan [penyerapan dan pengkreditan] karbon sangat besar \u2013 kami mendapatkan banyak pertanyaan tentang pongamia untuk tujuan ini,\u201d kata Baral, ia juga membagikan beberapa keunggulan pongamia dibandingkan tanaman pohon lain seperti jati dan mahoni yang sulit dilestarikan karena nilainya yang tinggi sebagai kayu. \u201cKarena bunga [pada pongamia] ada di bijinya, itu berarti pohon-pohon itu akan tetap berada di lanskap,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Namun, Leksono juga mengatakan \u201ckami masih harus mengumpulkan lebih banyak informasi tentang potensi penyerapan karbon untuk pongamia\u201d sebelum akreditasi dapat dieksplorasi dengan baik.<\/p>\n

Dan apakah kita bisa mengonsumsi biji pongamia berwarna cokelat kemerahan yang melimpah itu? \u201cItu pertanyaan yang menarik,\u201d Leksono tertawa. Sementara, penduduk setempat tidak mengonsumsi bijinya karena rasa pahit dan tingkat toksisitasnya yang rendah, para ilmuwan di perusahaan teknologi pertanian California, TerViva, saat ini sedang bereksperimen untuk mengolahnya menjadi minyak dan tepung yang bergizi, lezat, dan kaya protein.<\/p>\n

Sebagai bahan makanan atau lainnya, jelas bahwa menanam pongamia di lahan terdegradasi di Indonesia dapat \u201cmemenuhi banyak ambisi dan memenuhi kepentingan berbagai pemangku kepentingan \u2013 di tingkat pemerintah, masyarakat, dan internasional \u2013 semuanya sekaligus,\u201d kata Baral.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kita mengetahui betapa sulitnya untuk menumbuhkan tanaman di lahan terdegradasi. Dipangkas dari tutupan hutan aslinya, dikeringkan dan sering terkontaminasi, diasamkan dan\/atau terganggu oleh salinifikasi, lahan terdegradasi sering tetap kosong selama beberapa dekade, sehingga melepaskan karbon dioksida tingkat tinggi ke atmosfer untuk sementara. Hal ini membuat Ilmuwan Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Himlal Baral dan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":79585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[6661,6660,10961,10486,2647],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-79581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bioenergi","tag-bahasa-biofuel","tag-bahasa-lahan-terdegradasi","tag-bahasa-pongamia-pinnata","tag-bahasa-restorasi","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDi Indonesia, Pongamia yang Kaya Minyak Menarik Perhatian karena Mudah Tumbuh - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/79581\/di-indonesia-pongamia-yang-kaya-minyak-menarik-perhatian-karena-mudah-tumbuh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Di Indonesia, Pongamia yang Kaya Minyak Menarik Perhatian karena Mudah Tumbuh\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kita mengetahui betapa sulitnya untuk menumbuhkan tanaman di lahan terdegradasi. 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