{"id":78549,"date":"2022-07-21T11:25:21","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T04:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=78549"},"modified":"2023-01-05T12:05:23","modified_gmt":"2023-01-05T05:05:23","slug":"huge-potential-for-sustainability-with-natural-rubber-experts-say-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/78549\/huge-potential-for-sustainability-with-natural-rubber-experts-say-2","title":{"rendered":"Potensi Besar Karet Alam untuk Keberlanjutan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karet alam merupakan satu dari empat komoditas utama dunia yang dihasilkan dari pohon. Sebagian besar karet alam dipanen oleh petani kecil, dan industri ini diperkirakan menopang sekitar 40 juta jiwa<\/a>, menghasilkan lebih dari 300 miliar dolar<\/a> pertahun.<\/p>\n

Para ahli mengatakan dengan mengadopsi praktik dan standar yang berkelanjutan disepanjang rantai pasok, petani kecil dapat lebih kuat dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dari iklim dan pasar, mereka juga dapat berkontribusi ke mitigasi krisis iklim dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup.<\/p>\n

\u201cKaret merupakan simbol dari ekonomi hijau dan praktik berkelanjutan karena memiliki potensi untuk mengganti bahan sintentis dan bahan bakar fosil, dan juga berkontribusi terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim,\u201d jelas Vincent Gitz, Direktur Program dan Platform sekaligus Direktur CIFOR-ICRAF untuk wilayah Amerika Latin. \u201cJadi, penting bagi kita untuk meningkatkan visibilitas dan potensi karet agar kita dapat menerapkan mekanisme lingkungan berkelanjutan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Gitz menyampaikan pendapatnya pada side event <\/em>resmi pada Kongres Kehutanan Dunia di Seoul, Korea Selatan, yang diadakan untuk membahas tentang sistem karet alam dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi hijau. Acara tersebut diselenggarakan oleh Kelompok Studi Karet Internasional (International Rubber Study Group<\/em>\/IRSG) bersama dengan CIFOR-ICRAF, dan dimoderasi oleh Salvatore Pinizzotto, Sekretaris Jenderal IRSG.<\/p>\n

Tiga topik yang saling berhubungan, yaitu sains, ekonomi, dan kebijakan menarik perhatian peneliti, pejabat pemerintah, dan juga praktisi yang hadir secara langsung maupun virtual.<\/p>\n

Sains<\/h2>\n

CIFOR-ICRAF dan organisasi penelitian lainnya telah menunjukkan potensi karet alam sebagai sumber daya alam terbarukan dan sebagai bagian dari bioekonomi sirkular<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Menurut Dr K.N. Raghavan, Direktur Eksekutif Dewan Karet Indiadi bawah Kementerian Perdagangan India (Rubber Board of India under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry<\/em>) sebagai contoh, pohon karet lebih hemat air dibandingkan dengan komoditas lain, seperti kelapa, akasia, dan kayu putih.<\/p>\n

\u201cBudi daya karet menghasilkan emisi yang lebih sedikit karena spesies ini memiliki kebutuhan pupuk yang rendah dan juga dapat meningkatkan kesehatan lahan, karena petani jarang perlu mengolah tanah sebelum melakukan penanaman,\u201d jelas beliau, \u201cPerkebunan karet alam juga dapat mendukung berbagai macam tanaman yang meningkatkan keanekaragaman hayati; pohon karet juga sering ditumpangsarikan dengan tanaman obat-obatan, pangan, dan buah-buahan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tetapi, peningkatan suhu global mulai mengurangi jumlah lahan di mana karet alam bisa tumbuh.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cBadan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Karet Internasional (International Rubber Research and Development Board)<\/em> mulai fokus dalam memelihara varietas yang lebih kuat, termasuk modifikasi and teknologi budi daya karet,\u201d yang bertujuan untuk membantu spesies tersebut beradaptasi dengan krisis iklim, jelas Datuk Dr Abdul Aziz, Sekretaris Jenderal dari Badan Penelitian tersebut.<\/p>\n

Jenis karet liar dari Amazon dapat digunakan untuk memperkuat varietas perkebunan.<\/p>\n

Lekshmi Nair, Kepala Ekonomi dan Statistik IRSG,<\/em><\/a> menekankan adanya kebutuhan sains dalam memimpin transisi net-zero <\/em><\/a>sektor karet alam.<\/a><\/p>\n

Kelompok tersebut meneliti kolaborasi yang meningkatkan persentase penggunaan karet alam di seluruh dunia yang juga mendukung praktik berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaat ini, 47 persen dari total konsumsi karet global bersumber alami,\u201d beliau mencatat, angka yang perlu ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi komitmen pemerintah dan perusahaan dalam mengurangi emisi.<\/p>\n

Ekonomi<\/h2>\n

Ilmu perkebunan karet alam mempunyai dampak langsung ke sektor ekonomi karena perusahaan-perusahaan, seperti raksasa karet Michelin, perlu menjaga pasokan dan melakukan transisi 100 persen ke karet alam pada tahun 2050. Perusahaan tersebut telah membangun model komputer untuk memprediksi area di mana mereka dapat terus menanam karet, terlepas dari perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

\u201cTetapi, saat ini, prioritas kami adalah untuk mengurangi emisi melalui efisiensi [produksi] ban dan pengiriman,\u201d jelas Thierry Serres, Chief Technical Officer <\/em>untuk Karet Alam di Michelin.<\/p>\n

Karet alam tidak hanya digunakan sebagai bahan baku ban. Menurut Aziz, karet alam digunakan oleh lebih dari 40.000 produk, secara global, dan berpotensi digunakan lebih banyak lagi pada masa depan.<\/p>\n

Spesialis Senior di Green Climate Fund<\/a>, Ben Vickers, mempunyai pandangan yang sama, beliau mengatakan bahwa industri karet tumbuh 2,7 persen per tahun dan tidak ada tanda-tanda penurunan.<\/p>\n

\u201cMenjaga pasokan secara berkelanjutan membutuhkan peran sektor swasta dalam mempercepat angka pertumbuhan di mana mereka akan sanggup untuk memenuhi 100 persen sumber karet berkelanjutan pada dekade mendatang,\u201d jelas beliau.<\/p>\n\n

Untuk memastikan bahwa karet tersebut benar-benar \u2018alami\u2019 dan dari rantai pasokan berkelanjutan merupakan komponen penting dari 100 persen itu, tambah Robert Nasi, Direktur Pelaksana CIFOR-ICRAF.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaat ini, industri karet masih belum mempunyai semacam sertifikasi menyeluruh atau standar berkelanjutan yang memungkinkan merek karet berkelanjutan untuk memasuki pasar,\u201d Nasi mengingatkan.<\/p>\n

Menurut Richard Laity, Program Manajer untuk Asia Tenggara, Program Pengesahan Sertifikasi Hutan (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) <\/em>dapat mengisi kekosongan ini. \u201c[Program] telah berjalan,\u201d kata Laity “Program ini sudah memulai inisiatif diskusi dengan negara-negara ASEAN dan pilot project <\/em>di beberapa negara berbeda.\u201d<\/p>\n

Komite Konsultatif ASEAN untuk Standar dan Kualitas Sistem Karet (<\/em>ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality in Rubber-based Systems<\/em><\/a>) <\/em>mempunyai kelompok yang mengidentifikasi standar di beberapa negara seperti Thailand dan Vietnam, yang merupakan penghasil karet alam terbesar di dunia, ujar Dian Sukmajaya, Pejabat Senior Divisi Kehutanan di Sekretariat ASEAN<\/p>\n

Kebijakan<\/h2>\n

Kerangka kebijakan holistik yang berpusat pada petani kecil diperlukan untuk mendukung peneliti dan juga praktisi bisnis dalam memberikan dampak positif kepada perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

Petani kecil, menurut Aziz, memproduksi sebagian besar pasokan karet alam dunia dan mereka tetap harus memproduksi karet alam meskipun terjadi guncangan iklim, turunnya harga pasar dan situasi yang tidak dapat diprediksi seperti pandemi COVID-19.<\/p>\n

\u201cAda jutaan petani kecil dan keluarga yang bergantung pada karet alam,\u201d ujar Aziz, \u201cJadi penting untuk konsumen dan pembuat kebijakan untuk memastikan mereka mendapatkan harga yang pantas untuk usaha mereka.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Kelompok nirlaba memiliki peranan penting dalam pengembangan kebijakan yang efektif. Mereka mengadvokasi kebutuhan petani kecil melalui pembentukan jaringan, strategi, membantu pemantauan dan laporan, dan menghubungkan petani kecil, pemerintah dan sektor swasta yang lebih besar, menurut Mooi See Tor, Wakil Direktur Regional untuk Asia Tenggara di Proforest. <\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cIntervensi kebijakan langsung oleh pemerintah dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan tutupan hutan sambil menumbuhkan industri karet alam,\u201d jelas Diogo Esperante, Direktur eksekutif dari Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Paulista de Produtores e Beneficiadores de Borracha<\/a><\/em> Brazil (APABOR\/S\u00e3o Paulo Asosiasi Produsen dan Pengolah Karet).<\/p>\n

Undang-undang nasional Brasil telah mewajibkan produsen untuk mengubah 20 persen lahan mereka menjadi hutan alam, yang dapat membuka kesempatan untuk petani kecil untuk menanam karet alam secara tumpang sari – sama seperti praktik yang dilakukan di Indonesia – dan sebagai pendapatan tambahan. Karet alam dapat membantu untuk memulihkan 20 juta padang rumput terdegradasi di Brasil.<\/p>\n

Ke depannya, kebijakan yang baik yang mendukung karet alam akan bergantung pada jaringan kuat di skala lokal dan internasional.<\/p>\n

\u201cKemitraan sangat penting dalam proses transisi menuju karet alam berkelanjutan,\u201d kata Pinizzotto. \u201cIni adalah sumber daya strategis; kita membutuhkannya saat ini dan juga di masa depan, jadi kolaborasi adalah kunci.\u201d<\/p>\n

Emily Gallagher, Spesialis Pembangunan Pedesaan terpadu di CIFOR-ICRAF juga menekankan pentingnya rantai pasokan yang inklusif dan merata di mana tenaga kerja perempuan diakui dan dihargai.<\/p>\n

\u201cIndustri dapat memimpin jalan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas, keseimbangan antara pekerjaan dan kehidupan pribadi, keselamatan, dan keamanan,\u201d kata Gallagher.<\/p>\n

Tindakan lain yang dapat dilakukan termasuk komite perempuan dan kebijakan afirmatif gender untuk memastikan bahwa industri ini tidak mengesampingkan setengah dari produsennya.<\/p>\n

Side-event <\/em>ini diselenggarakan bersama oleh Forests, Trees and Agroforestry Partnership; the Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF); the International Rubber Study Group; and the International Rubber Research and Development Board.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Karet alam merupakan satu dari empat komoditas utama dunia yang dihasilkan dari pohon. Sebagian besar karet alam dipanen oleh petani kecil, dan industri ini diperkirakan menopang sekitar 40 juta jiwa, menghasilkan lebih dari 300 miliar dolar pertahun. Para ahli mengatakan dengan mengadopsi praktik dan standar yang berkelanjutan disepanjang rantai pasok, petani kecil dapat lebih kuat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":381,"featured_media":78080,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[82,10997,6677,10998],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2565,11034,10963,10962],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[6545],"type-english":[2423],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10007],"class_list":["post-78549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","tag-green-economy","tag-natural-rubber","tag-policy","tag-world-forestry-congress-2022","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-ekonomi-hijau","tag-bahasa-karet-alam","tag-bahasa-wfc","tag-bahasa-world-forestry-congress","type-bahasa-liputan-acara","type-english-event-coverage"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPotensi Besar Karet Alam untuk Keberlanjutan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Natural rubber is one of the four main global commodities produced from trees. 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