{"id":77389,"date":"2022-05-30T12:33:49","date_gmt":"2022-05-30T05:33:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=77389"},"modified":"2022-08-15T11:57:45","modified_gmt":"2022-08-15T04:57:45","slug":"kebun-benih-langkah-pertama-upaya-restorasi-batur-unesco-global-geopark-bali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/77389\/kebun-benih-langkah-pertama-upaya-restorasi-batur-unesco-global-geopark-bali","title":{"rendered":"Kebun Benih, Langkah Pertama Upaya Restorasi Batur UNESCO Global Geopark Bali"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pada bulan Maret, di suatu pagi berkabut di tengah hujan gerimis, sebuah tim yang terdiri dari 70 petani, peneliti, mahasiswa, pemerintah, dan staf UNESCO Global Geopark Batur<\/a> berkumpul di atas pasir vulkanik hitam di lereng Gunung Batur di Kabupaten Kintamani di timur laut Bali, Indonesia.<\/p>\n

Mereka telah meninggalkan rumah mereka di pagi hari dengan semangat untuk menanam 0,6 hektar tahap pertama dari apa yang akan menjadi sekitar 1 hektar kebun benih bibit (SSO), yang merupakan kunci untuk pemulihan lanskap sekitarnya.<\/p>\n

Geopark, yang mencakup 370,50 km persegi, mencakup dua kaldera vulkanik, fumarol dan mata air panas, danau, aliran lava, aliran piroklastik, dan tephra. Dua letusan besar yang terjadi 29.000 dan 20.000 tahun yang lalu masing-masing menghasilkan kaldera luar yang lebih tua dan kaldera dalam yang lebih muda. Antara tahun 1804 dan 2000, Gunung Batur telah meletus setidaknya 22 kali, menciptakan stratovolcano. Aliran lava hitam dari letusan pada tahun 1968 tetap menonjol di lanskap.<\/p>\n

Menurut UNESCO, organisasi budaya PBB \u201cKaldera ganda dengan danau vulkanik berbentuk bulan sabit (panjang 7 km, lebar 1,5 km) yang terletak di 1.031\u20131.200 meter di atas permukaan laut disebut yang terbaik di dunia. Keunikan geologi daerah asal vulkanik, flora dan fauna endemik, dan budaya asli yang dimotivasi oleh agama Hindu Bali adalah kombinasi sempurna dari berbagai warisan Bumi.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Lanskap. Foto oleh:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Namun, pemandangan yang indah ini harus dibayar mahal oleh penduduk lokal di Bali. Ke-15 desa di dalam dan sekitar kaldera bergantung pada produksi pertanian yang tidak berkelanjutan, terutama menanam sayuran, buah-buahan, dan beberapa pariwisata untuk mata pencaharian mereka. Degradasi lanskap telah meningkatkan limpasan sedimen ke danau, mengurangi kedalaman dan kualitas airnya, meningkatkan banjir di hilir dan mendorong pertumbuhan gulma air. Ini menghadirkan ancaman yang muncul bagi masyarakat yang bergantung pada danau untuk air minum, ikan, praktik budaya, agama, wisata rekreasi, dan budaya.<\/p>\n

Dalam skenario ini, tim pemulih pada pagi berkabut di bulan Maret menurunkan sebuah truk yang membawa 540 bibit Pongamia pinnata<\/em> (juga dikenal sebagai Millettia pinnata<\/em> dan secara lokal sebagai \u201cmalapari\u201d) dari pembibitan khusus di Pusat Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung.<\/p>\n

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Kegiatan penanaman bibit. Foto oleh: <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

\u201cKebun benih merupakan langkah awal yang sangat penting dalam setiap proyek restorasi,\u201d jelas Ni Luh Arpiwi, Dosen Senior Domestikasi Benih di Universitas Udayana di Bali, yang telah memimpin budi daya benih.<\/p>\n

\u201cIni menyediakan benih berkualitas tinggi yang sesuai dengan kondisi lokal yang dapat ditanam untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak pohon untuk memperluas skala restorasi. Kami telah memilih benih dari pohon yang kuat, sehat dan produktif dari Bali timur, barat dan selatan, sebagian besar dari daerah pesisir karena pohon di dataran tinggi telah lama ditebang untuk kayu dan kegunaan lainnya. Benih awalnya ditanam di pembibitan Pusat Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung milik pemerintah dan kemudian dipindahkan ke universitas untuk seleksi dan perawatan lebih lanjut sebelum siap ditanam hari ini.\u201d<\/p>\n

Malapari, yang endemik di Bali, bagian lain di Indonesia dan di seluruh Asia Tenggara, sangat cocok untuk memulihkan lahan terdegradasi. Tumbuh cepat dan baik di sebagian besar kondisi, namun terdegradasi, seperti pasir vulkanik Batur. Serasah daunnya membantu menciptakan tanah yang subur. Ini memperbaiki nitrogen melalui akarnya, yang berarti bahwa lebih sedikit atau tidak ada pupuk yang dibutuhkan jika tanaman lain ditanam di dekatnya. Bentuk tajuknya juga cocok untuk peneduh tanaman komoditas, seperti kopi dan kakao. Dan terakhir, menghasilkan biji yang memiliki kandungan minyak tinggi yang cocok untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar nabati, dalam kosmetik dan untuk memasak.<\/p>\n

\u201cMalapari tidak banyak diketahui namun menjanjikan,\u201d kata Himlal Baral, Ilmuwan Senior di Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional dan Agroforestri Dunia (CIFOR-ICRAF), yang telah memprakarsai banyak restorasi. \u201cSSO tidak hanya akan menyediakan benih untuk pekerjaan restorasi jangka panjang, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai lokasi penelitian untuk menghasilkan pohon yang dapat tumbuh subur dan paling produktif dalam kondisi Geopark yang menantang dan seterusnya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bepergian terutama untuk penanaman dari Yogyakarta di pulau tetangga Jawa, Budi Leksono, Pakar Domestikasi Benih Senior di Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, telah berbagi dengan Arpiwi dan tim pengetahuannya yang mendalam yang dibangun selama beberapa dekade. membangun dan mengelola kebun sumber benih.<\/p>\n

\u201cDesain SSO sangat penting untuk memastikan hasil yang baik,\u201d jelasnya. \u201cKami telah menanam 30 keluarga dengan tiga pohon per plot dan enam ulangan sehingga kami dapat membandingkan kinerja. Individu yang lebih lemah atau berkinerja buruk akan ditipiskan menjadi dua pohon per plot, menyisakan 180 pohon pada jarak akhir 5 x 6 meter.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Budi Leksono. Foto oleh: Laurentius Angga\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ni Luh Arpiwi. Foto oleh: Laurentius Angga\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Anggota Kelompok Tani Hutan Bukit Pule beberapa hari sebelumnya telah mempersiapkan lokasi dengan membersihkan gulma dan jalan setapak, yang secara bercanda disebut \u201cJalan Pongamia\u201d, dan menggali lubang dengan jarak awal 5 x 2 meter dan dimensi kedalaman dan lebar yang disarankan oleh Arpiwi . Pada hari tanam, bersama dengan pemulih lainnya, mereka bersemangat menanam bibit meskipun medan yang sulit dan cuaca buruk.<\/p>\n

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Penanaman bibit. Foto oleh: Laurentius Angga\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Penanaman bibit. Foto oleh: Laurentius Angga\/CIFOR-ICRAF <\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

I Wayan Gobang Edy Sucipto, Wakil Direktur Geopark, bersama rekan-rekan lainnya dari geopark dan Kabupaten Kintamani, berada di lokasi dan melakukan penanaman. Dia sangat antusias dengan prospek restorasi dan, khususnya, penggunaan malapari.<\/p>\n

\u201cKami mendukung penuh pekerjaan ini,\u201d katanya. \u201cIni tidak hanya akan meningkatkan lingkungan secara keseluruhan dan meningkatkan potensi pariwisata geopark tetapi juga meningkatkan mata pencaharian penduduk, yang sudah menunjukkan keinginan mereka untuk menggunakan praktik pertanian dan kehutanan yang berkelanjutan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lebih dari 3000 bibit malapari telah dibagikan kepada petani untuk ditanam di lahan mereka sendiri dan akan lebih banyak lagi untuk memenuhi permintaan.<\/p>\n

\u201cPetani di daerah tersebut telah mendengarkan dan sekarang memahami manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari menanam malapari bersama dengan kopi dan tanaman lainnya,\u201d kata Gobang.<\/p>\n

Kebun benih bibit ini merupakan langkah awal dari program restorasi besar-besaran yang direncanakan oleh masyarakat, geopark, Kabupaten Kintamani, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN), Universitas Udayana, Kementerian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup (KLHK), Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas), Clean Power Indonesia, Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) KLHK Bali Timur, lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan Institut Nasional Ilmu Kehutanan Republik Korea.<\/p>\n

\u201cAda sekitar 10.000 hektar lahan terdegradasi di geopark dan sekitarnya,\u201d kata Baral. \u201cIni tidak hanya membutuhkan upaya lokal yang terkoordinasi untuk restorasi tetapi juga kolaborasi dengan mitra nasional dan internasional, seperti BRIN, KLHK, dan Institut Ilmu Kehutanan Nasional Korea.\u201d<\/p>\n

Korea memiliki sejarah panjang keberhasilan restorasi lahan terdegradasi di bawah kondisi ekstrim yang telah kami pelajari berkat kolaborasi kami melalui proyek Reboisasi dan Usaha Berbasis Masyarakat Berkelanjutan, yang didanai oleh Institut.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bibit Pongamia pinnata ditanam di area pasca erupsi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":408,"featured_media":77394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[10964,10965,10966,2647,3091],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[10425],"class_list":["post-77389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-batur-global-geopark","tag-bahasa-kebun-benih","tag-bahasa-malapari","tag-bahasa-restorasi","tag-bahasa-unesco","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKebun Benih, Langkah Pertama Upaya Restorasi Batur UNESCO Global Geopark Bali - 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