{"id":75136,"date":"2021-11-08T10:54:36","date_gmt":"2021-11-08T03:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=75136"},"modified":"2021-11-08T10:56:15","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T03:56:15","slug":"para-delegasi-cop26-perlu-membahas-kesenjangan-gender-dalam-ketimpangan-kebijakan-lahan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/75136\/para-delegasi-cop26-perlu-membahas-kesenjangan-gender-dalam-ketimpangan-kebijakan-lahan","title":{"rendered":"Para Delegasi COP26 Perlu Membahas Kesenjangan Gender dalam Ketimpangan Kebijakan Lahan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Akses dan hak kepemilikan lahan dan pohon untuk perempuan merupakan kunci mengatasi pemanasan global, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati dan krisis ketidaksetaraan. Demikian menurut penelitian<\/a> menjelang KTT iklim COP26<\/a> Glasgow.<\/p>\n

KTT dua pekan ini menjadi peluang bagi berbagai negara untuk memperkuat komitmen iklim dengan aksi terhadap ketidakadilan gender. Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim PBB (UNFCCC) \u2013 pakta payung Perjanjian Paris<\/a> \u2013 mengakui peran vital<\/a> perempuan untuk mewujudkan mencapai tujuan<\/a>, terkait peran pengetahuan dan kepemimpinan lokal dalam manajemen sumber daya berkelanjutan di tingkat keluarga dan masyarakat.<\/p>\n

Sebagian besar perempuan menjadi petani termiskin di dunia, bertanggung jawab menafkahi keluarga, dan tetap di rumah sebagai pengelola tunggal keluarga ketika laki-laki bermigrasi untuk bekerja.<\/p>\n

\u201cTidak banyak waktu tersisa untuk mengatasi krisis iklim,\u201d kata Houria Djoudi, ilmuwan senior Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan dan Wanatani Internasional (CIFOR-ICRAF), serta ko-penulis penelitian. \u201cCOP 26 seharusnya menjadi COP Aksi Mendesak dalam mengatasi akar kerentanan. Tanpa pergeseran besar dalam hak dan tenurial lahan untuk mengamankan akses lahan dan pohon, kemampuan adaptif perempuan terancam. Hal ini dapat diperbaiki, jika pohon dan hutan lebih diintegrasikan dalam adaptasi kebijakan di tingkat nasional dan global.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Penelitian yang dilakukan CIFOR dan Keanekaragaman Hayati Internasional menemukan bahwa simplifikasi berlebihan kebijakan lahan gagal mengatasi kompleksitas sistem tenurial<\/a> pohon di Burkina Faso. Akses perempuan pada lahan dan penghasilan dari pohon n\u00e9r\u00e9<\/em> terhambat. Hal ini menjadi rumit akibat tumpang tindih sistem tenurial regulasi nasional dengan hak adat.<\/p>\n

Gender, etnisitas, status perkawinan, dan faktor lain yang menjadi penentu hak tersebut di negara Afrika Barat, memaksa perempuan rentan<\/a> mengembangkan strategi untuk mengatasi hambatan sosial dan legal. Upaya ini termasuk panen prematur di malam hari, mengumpulkan polong sisa dari panen pertama, atau jasa buruh untuk persentasi biji matang.<\/p>\n

Pohon kacang belalang Africa<\/a> (Parkia biglobosa<\/em>) \u2013 dikenal sebagai n\u00e9r\u00e9 di Burkina Faso \u2013 berperan penting dalam menu penduduk desa dan kota di Afrika Barat. Bagian paling bernilai pohon ini adalah polong<\/a>nya, bubur dan bijinya dimanfaatkan untuk memasak soumbala<\/em>, bumbu bernutrisi yang membuat resep berbasis-tepung jadi enak dan disukai anak-anak. Hal tersebut dilaporkan penelitian yang dilakukan di tiga desa di wilayah barat-tengah negara itu.<\/p>\n

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Di Burkina Faso, penjualan produk n\u00e9r\u00e9 pertahun menghasilkan 270 dolar AS per tahun untuk keluarga desa \u2013 nilai dari biji dari 20 pohon \u2013 sedangkan bisnis soumbala <\/em>menyumbangkan 8,3 juta dolar AS bagi ekonomi nasional<\/a>, menurut data 2005.<\/p>\n

Perempuan menjadi pemetik utama polong n\u00e9r\u00e9, yang menjadi pendapatan dengan menjual soumbala,<\/em> selain untuk pangan bergizi bagi keluarga. Menurut penelitian, perempuan desa mendapat sepertiga penghasilan dari penjualan n\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Akan tetapi, regerenasi n\u00e9r\u00e9 \u2013 yang juga meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan memberi naungan bagi tanaman sereal \u2013 terancam oleh tingginya tekanan permintaan, penggunaan mesin untuk tanaman komersial, dan peningkatan nilai pasar, selain disinsentif akibat pergeseran sistem tenurial lahan.<\/p>\n

Oleh karena itu, perubahan di tingkat lokal dan nasional dapat secara simultan membantu mengurangi ketidakadilan gender, mendorong penanaman pohon n\u00e9r\u00e9 dan mendukung Komitmen Kontribusi Nasional<\/a> Burkina Faso dalam perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

\u201cPerlu penyelarasan hak adat dengan perundangan,\u201d kata Catherine Pehou, peneliti CIFOR-ICRAF yang memimpin penelitian ini. \u201cSaat ini, aturan dan regulasi yang diterapkan di tingkat komunitas hanya hak tradisional dan adat. Sebagian memberi perempuan akses, tetapi sedikit sekali perempuan memiliki kontrol atas sumber daya. Para pemimpin di COP26 dapat membantu mengobati inkonsistensi ini dengan memperkuat hak gender dalam kebijakan iklim.\u201d<\/p>\n

Di desa, sertifikat lahan lokal berpeluang untuk memasukkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan, khususnya perempuan dan pemuda<\/a>. Upaya ini dapat diperkuat dengan mendorong aktivitas yang mengubah sikap dan meningkatkan kesadaran di wilayah pedesaan dalam meningkatkan akses bagi kelompok rentan, kata Pehou.<\/p>\n\n

Meski hak perempuan dikuatkan dalam perundangan nasional pada 2007 dan 2009, mereka mendapat sedikit pengakuan dan umumnya bergantung pada pendanaan dari program pembangunan internasional yang langka. Menurut penelitian Bank Dunia<\/a>, misalnya, hanya 11 sertifikat kepemilikan lahan desa diterbitkan untuk perempuan dari total 202 dalam satu program percontohan,<\/p>\n

\u201cStruktur patrilineal masyarakat desa di wilayah ini dan di tempat lain, otoritas tradisional masih tidak memungkinkan perempuan mengontrol sumber daya dan\/atau lahan,\u201d kata Djoudi. \u201cKontrol atas lahan masih milik laki-laki. Perempuan masih diasingkan dari proses pengambilan keputusan. Ini menunjukkan kompleksitas pada konteks lokal dan norma kultural, serta keharusan mengadopsi solusi bahwa \u2018tidak bisa pukul rata\u2019 dalam mengatasi ketidaksetaraan tenurial lahan.<\/p>\n

Mengkonseptualisasikan perempuan sebagai satu kelompok homogen tunggal berisiko mengabaikan tekanan yang mereka hadapi dalam mengakses dan memanfaatkan sumber daya pohon. Pembagian sosial ini terlihat di sepanjang garis etnik, misalnya, Nouni (juga dikenal sebagai Gurunsi) yang diakui sebagai penduduk asli wilayah ini, sementara Moss\u00e9 dan Fulani dipandang sebagai migran yang masuk di wilayah ini pada empat dekade lalu.<\/p>\n

\u201cRe-organisasi sosial meredistribusi kartu dan mengeluarkan perempuan dari permainan,\u201d kata Djoudi. \u201cDalam konteks keragaman multikultur, sebagaimana terlihat di Burkina Faso, kebutuhan tiap kelompok perempuan bisa berbeda dan seharusnya ditangani secara berbeda.\u201d<\/p>\n

Penelitian ini didanai <\/em>Badan Pembangunan Austria<\/em><\/a> dan dukungan dari Program Riset CGIAR mengenai Hutan, Pohon dan Wanatani, serta Dana Donor Perwalian CGIAR.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Akses dan hak kepemilikan lahan dan pohon untuk perempuan merupakan kunci mengatasi pemanasan global, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati dan krisis ketidaksetaraan. Demikian menurut penelitian menjelang KTT iklim COP26 Glasgow. KTT dua pekan ini menjadi peluang bagi berbagai negara untuk memperkuat komitmen iklim dengan aksi terhadap ketidakadilan gender. Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim PBB (UNFCCC) \u2013 pakta […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":364,"featured_media":75140,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[10735,6582,2670],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[9822],"class_list":["post-75136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-cop26","tag-bahasa-gender","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPara Delegasi COP26 Perlu Membahas Kesenjangan Gender dalam Ketimpangan Kebijakan Lahan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/75136\/para-delegasi-cop26-perlu-membahas-kesenjangan-gender-dalam-ketimpangan-kebijakan-lahan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Para Delegasi COP26 Perlu Membahas Kesenjangan Gender dalam Ketimpangan Kebijakan Lahan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Akses dan hak kepemilikan lahan dan pohon untuk perempuan merupakan kunci mengatasi pemanasan global, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati dan krisis ketidaksetaraan. 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