{"id":71215,"date":"2021-02-26T08:00:31","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T01:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=71215"},"modified":"2021-03-29T14:09:01","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T07:09:01","slug":"perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/71215\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi","title":{"rendered":"Perhutanan Berbasis Masyarakat di Indonesia Perlu Lebih Fokus pada Kondisi Lokasi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Keberhasilan perhutanan berbasis masyarakat<\/a> (CBF) di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan dengan menimbang perbedaan karakteristik fisik tiap lokasi dan memberi dukungan teknis yang diperlukan untuk menyeimbangkan mandat ganda program konservasi dan penghapusan kemiskinan, kata para ilmuwan.<\/p>\n

Elevasi, kemiringan dan jarak terhadap infrastruktur \u2013 seperti jalan<\/a> dan pedesaan \u2013 mempengaruhi hasil inisiatif CBF, selain menentukan persepsi petani di tiap lokasi.<\/p>\n

Dukungan pemerintah diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies pohon yang dapat membantu mencapai target restorasi di berbagai bentang alam, demikian menurut sebuah penelitian terbaru<\/a> yang disponsori oleh Departemen Pembangunan Internasional AS dan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR).<\/p>\n

\u201cPerancangan CBF harus secara cermat menghitung kemampuan bentang alam menyokong sistem agroforestri menghasilkan tanaman komersil disandingan dengan pohon kanopi serta spesies ramah hutan yang melindungi integritas bentang alam,\u201d kata Andika Putraditama, ketua tim penulis.<\/p>\n

Masyarakat lokal yang mengelola atau memiliki sumber daya hutan dalam program CBF meliputi 15 persen dari total kawasan hutan dunia. Indonesia yang telah mengakui hak masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi dalam keputusan formal pengelolaan hutan sejak 1995, mengalami peningkatan penetapan lahan lebih dari dua kali lipat dalam program Perhutanan Sosial<\/a> beberapa tahun terakhir.<\/p>\n\n

Meski lebih lambat dari ekspektasi, antara lain karena konflik tapal batas dan kekurangan anggaran di tingkat lokal, inisiatif ini menjanjikan peningkatan penghidupan bagi16,3 juta penduduk desa di dalam atau sekitar kawasan hutan Indonesia. CBF dirancang untuk menurunkan deforestasi<\/a> dan merestorasi lahan terdegradasi, melalui perluasan hak kepemilikan masyarakat lokal.<\/p>\n

Tiga peneliti ini terfokus pada dua kelompok masyarakat hutan di Provinsi Lampung<\/a>, di ujung selatan pulau Sumatera. Melalui wawancara dan diskusi kelompok terpumpun, mereka menemukan bahwa petani peserta terutama berkepentingan mengamankan tenurial lahan melalui inisiatif CBF \u2013 yang dikenal sebagai Hutan Kemasyarakatan<\/em> (HKM) \u2013 dan meningkatkan penghasilan dari tanaman pangan, seperti kopi dan lada.<\/p>\n

Penelitian menemukan bahwa petani HKM mampu membeli lahan di luar kawasan hutan, membangun rumah, memiliki lebih dari satu sepeda motor per keluarga, dan menyekolahkan anaknya di asrama. Mereka juga melaporkan manfaat lingkungan hidup, seperti menurunnya kebakaran hutan<\/a> dan polusi udara berkat sistem pemantauan dan peringatan di antara masyarakat sendiri.<\/p>\n

Petani di lokasi penelitian mau mengikuti aturan pemerintah demi mendapatkan tenurial lahan<\/a> untuk budi daya, namun kurang termotivasi untuk merestorasi hutan terdegradasi dengan menanam pohon, jika kurang mendapat manfaat ekonomi.<\/p>\n

Dilema rekonsiliasi konservasi dan peningkatan penghidupan meninggi di lokasi dengan lamping curam. Di lokasi seperti itu, degradasi hutan<\/a> lebih jarang terjadi karena sulitnya akses, selain petani juga memiliki lebih sedikit pilihan tanaman, sehingga menurunkan motivasi mereka untuk merestorasi lahan terdegradasi, tulis para peneliti.<\/p>\n

Penelitian menyatakan, perancangan lokasi HKM di masa datang seharusnya mempertimbangkan lingkungan fisik lahan agar petani memiliki banyak pilihan tanaman penghidupan, agar tidak dengan mudah mengubah lahan mereka menjadi perkebunan monokultur.<\/p>\n\n

Lokasi potensial dapat dievaluasi menggunakan data spasial penginderaan jarak jauh<\/a> dan tambahan informasi dari Peta Indikatif Perhutanan Sosial, pemetaan detail lokasi HKM dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.<\/p>\n

\u201cTeknologi spasial dapat digunakan mengases kualitas, potensi produktivitas dan tenaga kerja di lokasi CBF, dan menetapkan tujuan yang realistis,\u201d kata Yeon-Su Kim, guru besar ekonomi ekologi di Sekolah Kehutanan Universitas Arizona Utara<\/a>, dan salah seorang penulis laporan. \u201cSebagaimana kami lihat di salah satu HKM dengan elevasi tinggi dan terpencil, tidak beralasan untuk mengharapkan masyarakat melakukan reforestasi saat mereka tidak tahu spesies pohon yang tumbuh baik di lokasi tersebut, dan dapat memberikan manfaat langsung.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meski implementasi CBF di Indonesia sangat meningkat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir berkat dukungan pemerintah pusat, masih ada area yang bisa disempurnakan, kata Putraditama. Penyempurnaan bisa dilakukan, antara lain dengan mengevaluasi target restorasi wajib jangka panjang tiap unit CBF; meningkatkan pendanaan dan peningkatan kapasitas kesatuan pemangku hutan di yurisdiksi padat CBF; dan menyempurnakan penetapan lokasi CBF untuk meningkatkan peluang meraih tujuan ganda konservasi dan penghidupan berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaat masyarakat lokal mendapat akses dan hak tata kelola hutan, mereka terdorong untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas restorasi,\u201d kata Himlal Baral, ilmuwan senior CIFOR yang berkontribusi pada penelitian ini. \u201cPenelitian ini membantu pengambil kebijakan untuk menjamin manfaat ekonomi dari perhutanan sosial dan oleh karena itu mendorong keberhasilan upaya konservasi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Keberhasilan perhutanan berbasis masyarakat (CBF) di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan dengan menimbang perbedaan karakteristik fisik tiap lokasi dan memberi dukungan teknis yang diperlukan untuk menyeimbangkan mandat ganda program konservasi dan penghapusan kemiskinan, kata para ilmuwan. Elevasi, kemiringan dan jarak terhadap infrastruktur \u2013 seperti jalan dan pedesaan \u2013 mempengaruhi hasil inisiatif CBF, selain menentukan persepsi petani di […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":364,"featured_media":71217,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[10392,10393,7447,10391],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[9822],"class_list":["post-71215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-cbf","tag-bahasa-hkm","tag-bahasa-hutan-kemasyarakatan","tag-bahasa-perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPerhutanan Berbasis Masyarakat di Indonesia Perlu Lebih Fokus pada Kondisi Lokasi - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/71215\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Perhutanan Berbasis Masyarakat di Indonesia Perlu Lebih Fokus pada Kondisi Lokasi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Keberhasilan perhutanan berbasis masyarakat (CBF) di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan dengan menimbang perbedaan karakteristik fisik tiap lokasi dan memberi dukungan teknis yang diperlukan untuk menyeimbangkan mandat ganda program konservasi dan penghapusan kemiskinan, kata para ilmuwan. Elevasi, kemiringan dan jarak terhadap infrastruktur \u2013 seperti jalan dan pedesaan \u2013 mempengaruhi hasil inisiatif CBF, selain menentukan persepsi petani di […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/71215\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-02-26T01:00:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-03-29T07:09:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/35307285814_c9d036604a_k.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2048\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1362\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"David Henry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"David Henry\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/50e9456cf00fbdb5ebf3b62a9f434f18\"},\"headline\":\"Perhutanan Berbasis Masyarakat di Indonesia Perlu Lebih Fokus pada Kondisi Lokasi\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-02-26T01:00:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-03-29T07:09:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi\"},\"wordCount\":659,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/02\\\/35307285814_c9d036604a_k.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Forests News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2021\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/71215\\\/perhutanan-berbasis-masyarakat-di-indonesia-perlu-lebih-fokus-pada-kondisi-lokasi\",\"name\":\"Perhutanan Berbasis Masyarakat di Indonesia Perlu Lebih Fokus pada Kondisi Lokasi - 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