{"id":7077,"date":"2012-01-18T05:49:58","date_gmt":"2012-01-18T05:49:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=7077"},"modified":"2015-11-11T16:17:30","modified_gmt":"2015-11-11T09:17:30","slug":"melestarikan-lahan-gambut-menguntungkan-orangutan-dan-layak-secara-ekonomis-kata-para-ahli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/7077\/melestarikan-lahan-gambut-menguntungkan-orangutan-dan-layak-secara-ekonomis-kata-para-ahli","title":{"rendered":"Melestarikan lahan gambut menguntungkan orangutan dan layak secara ekonomis, kata para ahli"},"content":{"rendered":"

BOGOR, Indonesia (13 Januari, 2012)_ Melestarikan lahan gambut untuk mempertahankan kandungan karbonnya yang tinggi layak secara ekonomis karena memungkinkan masuknya sejumlah besar dana dari skema pendanaan seperti REDD dan sekaligus menguntungkan orangutan yang lebih banyak ditemukan di habitat ini daripada di hutan tropis di tanah mineral, kata para ahli.<\/p>\n

Tingkat air yang tinggi di lahan gambut menjamin ketersediaan bunga dan buah sepanjang tahun bagi orangutan, kata Laura D\u2019Arcy, Co-Country Coordinator di Zoological Society of London<\/a> di Indonesia. \u201cDi seluruh Borneo, anda dapat melihat dengan jelas bahwa di mana ada hutan gambut, ada lebih banyak orangutan per kilometer persegi,\u201d katanya di sela-sela acara lokakarya tentang kera besar yang diselenggarakan di Bogor, Indonesia, hari ini.<\/p>\n

Kredit karbon yang dihasilkan dari perlindungan hutan yang memiliki spesies \u201cberkarisma\u201d seperti orangutan dan harimau juga akan lebih diminati bisnis yang akan menanamkan modalnya di REDD+, kata D\u2019Arcy. \u201cPerusahaan tersebut dapat menganggap mereka sebagai spesies unggulan dan mengatakan bahwa kredit karbon yang mereka beli langsung digunakan untuk melestarikan spesies-spesies ini,\u201d yang tentunya akan meningkatkan citra mereka di mata publik.<\/p>\n

Hutan kembali menjadi pusat perhatian seiring meningkatnya kesadaran dunia akan perannya dalam menyimpan karbon dan potensi untuk memperlambat pemanasan global melalui skema pengurangan emisi dari pencegahan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan, yang dikenal sebagai REDD+. Dengan aliran dana segar melalui skema-skema perubahan iklim, para penggiat lingkungan belajar bagaimana mengikutsertakan pelestarian keanekaragaman hayati sebagai manfaat tambahan perlindungan pohon untuk penyimpanan karbon dan mendesak pelembagaan pelestarian spesies dalam skema tersebut.<\/p>\n

Ada sekitar 1,3 orangutan Borneo, atau Pongo pygmaeus<\/em>, di setiap 1 km2 hutan gambut dan hanya 1 orangutan di wilayah serupa di hutan dataran rendah pada tanah mineral, menurut studi yang dilakukan Paoli et al dan dipublikasikan dalam jurnal Carbon Balance and Management<\/em> pada tahun 2010. Jumlah species yang terancam kepunahan ini telah berkurang sampai lebih dari 50% dalam 60 tahun terakhir, menurut IUCN, dengan perkiraan jumlah terakhir antara 45.000 sampai 69.000 orangutan di seluruh Borneo (Singleton et al, 2004).<\/p>\n

Dalam kaitannya dengan keanekaragaman hayati pada umumnya, hutan dataran rendah pada tanah mineral memiliki lebih banyak spesies daripada hutan gambut, menurut Paoli et al. Sekitar tiga perempat dari 140 spesies tumbuhan yang dikategorikan spesies yang terancam kepunahan dapat ditemukan di hutan tanah mineral, sementara hanya 15% di antaranya dapat ditemukan di hutan gambut.<\/p>\n

Dari sudut pandang emisi, hutan gambut menyimpan sekitar delapan kali lebih banyak karbon daripada hutan tanah mineral, termasuk karbon di atas dan di bawah permukaan, menurut studi tersebut. Perlindungan sumber daya ini sangat penting untuk memperlambat perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

Sebuah laporan dari Great Apes Survival Partnership (GRASP), bekerja sama dengan PanEco, ICRAF, YEL dan GridArendal, mengkalkulasi bahwa nilai karbon hutan rawa di Sumatera adalah antara US$7.420 dan US$22.090 dolar per hektar untuk kurun waktu 25 tahun. Nilai karbon hutan di lahan non-gambut diperkirakan antara US$3.711 dan US$11.185 untuk kurun waktu yang sama, menurut studi ini, yang dipublikasikan tahun lalu. Sebagai perbandingan, perkebunan kelapa sawit, yang memberikan hasil paling tinggi dari semua jenis penggunaan lahan, diperkirakan bernilai US$7.832.<\/p>\n

Kalkulasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa \u201cpenebangan hutan di lahan gambut tidak masuk akal,\u201d kata Johannes Refisch, Manajer Program di GRASP. Skenario pelestarian lingkungan akan lebih menguntungkan masyarakat lokal dibandingkan business-as-usual<\/em> dan tetap mempertahankan pendapatan bagi pemerintah lokal dan pusat, katanya.<\/p>\n

Presiden Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono telah mencanangkan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca sampai 26 persen dari tingkat business-as-usual<\/em> pada tahun 2020 dan sampai 41 persen dengan bantuan pihak luar. Emisi dari deforestasi dan perubahan fungsi lahan memberikan kontribusi sampai 85 persen dari total yang dihasilkan di Indonesia.<\/p>\n

Lokakarya berjudul \u201cLinking Great Ape Conservation and Poverty Alleviation: Sharing Experience from Africa and Asia\u201d berlangsung pada tanggal 11-15 Januari 2012, termasuk kunjungan lapangan ke Kalimantan Tengah. [NM1]<\/a> Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh Center for International Forestry Research<\/a> (CIFOR) dan International Institute for Environment and Development<\/a> (IIED).<\/p>\n

Diterjemahkan dan diedit oleh Nita Murjani dan Leony Aurora. <\/em><\/p>\n

\n

REDD in Asia – Challenges and Opportunities<\/a><\/strong> <\/object><\/p>\n
View more presentations from CIFOR<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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