{"id":70115,"date":"2020-12-18T09:59:33","date_gmt":"2020-12-18T02:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=70115"},"modified":"2021-04-30T06:43:26","modified_gmt":"2021-04-29T23:43:26","slug":"langkah-maju-permainan-di-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/70115\/langkah-maju-permainan-di-indonesia","title":{"rendered":"Langkah Maju Permainan di Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hutan hujan tua Indonesia di Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Papua merupakan ekosistem terestrial bumi yang paling kaya dengan keragaman flora dan fauna.<\/p>\n<p>Selama lebih dari dua dekade, satelit mendokumentasikan sejenis pohon merambah batas-batas hutan tua ini. Terlihat dari angkasa, ketika langit cerah, karakteristik kilau warna hijau tua hutan alam terkoyak di bagian ujung oleh warna muda petak-petak kecil segi empat bersilangan di permukaan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PERTARUHAN TINGGI UNTUK SEMUA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Di dalam batas hijau tua tersebut terdapat area <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/53956\/borneos-carbon-sink?fnl=\">serapan karbon<\/a> terbesar dunia, sekaligus tempat bermukim masyarakat adat, dan beragam spesies flora dan fauna.<\/p>\n<p>Di sisi lain, permukaan ditanami kebun sawit \u2013 <em>Elaeis guineensis<\/em> \u2014 yang menghasilkan minyak tanaman paling serba guna di dunia, terdapat di dalam makanan, pasta gigi dan sabun. Kelindan rumit pemain besar dan kecil memproduksi, menjual dan membeli minyak kelapa sawit di seluruh dunia, untuk memasok <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/business\/energy\/can-palm-oil-demand-be-met-without-ruining-rainforests\/2020\/09\/22\/71e57e94-fced-11ea-b0e4-350e4e60cc91_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">permintaan yang diproyeksikan bertumbuh hingga lebih dari 100 juta ton per tahun pada 2024 \u2013 meningkat 50 persen dibanding 2016<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_70128\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-70128\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-70128 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1-710x415.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1-710x415.png 710w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1-566x331.png 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1-220x129.png 220w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1-610x356.png 610w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1-672x393.png 672w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/infographic-1.png 760w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-70128\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sumber: https:\/\/www.gro-intelligence.com\/insights\/infographics\/palm-oil-production<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia meluas dengan cepat <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/20160620_project_working_paper_series_opal_no._01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">sejak 1968, saat hanya terdapat 120.000 hektare<\/a>. Saat ini, merujuk data Kementerian Pertanian, kelapa sawit mencapai <a href=\"https:\/\/thepalmscribe.id\/activists-welcome-new-indonesia-oil-palm-plantation-data-but-want-follow-ups\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">16,4 juta hektare<\/a>. Ekspansi yang menimbulkan risiko bagi keanekaragaman hayati, mempertinggi emisi karbon, memicu masalah keadilan sosial dan hak lahan di dalam dan di batas perkebunan.<\/p>\n<p>Ekspansi ini juga menimbulkan pergeseran ekonomi masyarakat desa. Dari pekerjaan utama di sektor pertanian, perikanan atau perdagangan, kini makin bergantung pada perkebunan kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n<p>Contohnya, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/20160620_project_working_paper_series_opal_no._01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ekspansi perkebunan di Kecamatan Muara Kaman, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur menyebakan mengering dan terpolusinya sungai yang telah lama menjadi tempat masyarakat mengambil ikan, akuakultur dan mengolah ikan<\/a>. Peluang kerja di sektor itu kemudian mengecil, dan keluarga beralih ke pekerjaan di perkebunan kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk mengatasi sengketa lahan, pelanggaran hak buruh, dan deforestasi terkait ekspansi sawit, pemerinah menerapkan skema Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan Inddonesia (ISPO) pada 2011. Awalnya, skema ini mengharuskan perusahaan perkebunan besar mendapat sertifikasi, tetapi belakangan kewajiban sertifikasi <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2020\/04\/indonesia-aims-for-sustainability-certification-for-oil-palm-smallholders\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">juga diterapkan pada petani<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Tantangan masih ada. Pada sebagian perkebunan yang manajemennya lemah dan kurang terurus, minat terhadap sertifikasi ini sangat kurang. Ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit ilegal, seperti di Kutai Kartanegara, juga menghambat upaya pemerintah mencapai tujuan berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MERAJUT PERMAINAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thejakartapost.com\/news\/2020\/03\/03\/sri-mulyani-appoints-new-oil-palm-agency-head-amid-commoditys-challenges.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Mengingat Indonesia memproduksi hampir separuh kelapa sawit dunia<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Bentang Alam Kelapa Sawit Adaptif (OPAL)<\/a> \u2014 konsorsium internasional dipimpin oleh Universitas ETH Zurich Swiss \u2013 bermitra dengan Pusat Penelitian Pertanian dan Pembangunan Desa Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) dan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) sejak 2015. Dalam lima tahun, para pemrakarsa mencoba meningkatkan manajemen bentang alam kelapa sawit di Indonesia dan memetakan jalan menuju produksi berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n<p>OPAL memberi tugas pada empat mahasiswa Doktoral di Indonesia untuk meneliti pengaruh <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/knowledge\/publication\/7582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">sosio-politik<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-445X\/9\/7\/213\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ekonomi<\/a>, and ekologi yang mengubah hutan dan lahan gambut menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Temuan mereka mendasari pengembangan inovasi <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ethz.ch\/ETHambassadors\/2018\/07\/06\/wearing-borneos-farmers-shoes-through-role-playing-game\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">permainan peran kelapa sawit<\/a> dan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/54802\/oil-palm-landscapes-playing-keeps?fnl=en\">dihubungkan dengan pemangku kepentingan kelapa sawit<\/a>. Permainan ini mengungkap berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi petani produsen dalam mencapai target dan indikator dalam aturan sertifikasi ISPO.<\/p>\n<p>Harapannya, permainan ini akan membantu membangun dalog antar pemangku kepentingan bentang alam untuk mengawal tujuan berkelanjutan dapat dipenuhi di tengah ekspansi.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-70123 \" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-572x415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"657\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-572x415.jpg 572w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-552x400.jpg 552w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-768x557.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-220x159.jpg 220w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-1536x1114.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-2048x1485.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-610x442.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Playing-For-Keeps-scaled-1-615x446.jpg 615w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 657px) 100vw, 657px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>PERAN TERBALIK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Petani kelapa sawit di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/20160620_project_working_paper_series_opal_no._01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Kutai Kartanegara<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/54814\/oil-palm-landscapes-indonesias-game-palms?fnl=\">bermain<\/a> dengan penduduk, pejabat pemerintah, pegawai perkebunan, lembaga swadaya pemerintah, dan swasta \u2013 mengambil peran dari pihak berlawanan dalam keseharian mereka. Kepala perkebunan biasanya memainkan peran sebagai petani, yang bergeser menjadi pejabat pemerintah. Pejabat dari Kementerian Pertanian juga terlibat dalam permainan dan ecara langsung berdialog dengan pejabat provinsi terkait.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-70126 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial-297x400.jpg 297w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial-308x415.jpg 308w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial-768x1035.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial-134x180.jpg 134w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial-610x822.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/testimonial-331x446.jpg 331w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPara pemain berkesempatan merefleksikan tantangan mengelola kelapa sawit dari perspektif yang sangat berbeda,\u201d kata peneliti OPAL, Bayu Eka Yulian, yang mengembangkan versi permaintan perubahan pemanfaatan lahan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPermainan ini juga mengangkat isu yang sebelumnya tidak disadari oleh para pemangku kepentingan,\u201d kata Heru Komarudin, peneliti CIFOR dan analisis kebijakan  termasuk OPAL. \u201cPara peserta merasa mereka berada dalam lingkungan yang ramah dan berbicara secara bebas meski mendiskusikan isu sensitif.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>MENGHUBUNGKAN SAINS DENGAN KEBIJAKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pada 2018, para peneliti OPAL memberi dukungan kepakaran dalam proses kebijakan dan pengamblikan keputusan di tingkat masyarakat, daerah dan pusat.<\/p>\n<p>Berkat penelitiannya mengenai \u201cekspansi sunyi\u201d perkebunan kelapa sawit \u2013 sebuah strategi yang diterapkan petani untuk secara sembunyi-sembunyi dan ilegal memperluas perkebunan melalui calo \u2013 peneliti OPAL, Yulian kini menjadi penasihat satuan tugas Kementerian Pertanian Indonesia yang tengah merevisi kebijakan inti-plasma, sebagai ahli di bidang perkebunan kecil. Skema Inti-Plasma mengharuskan perusahaan perkebunan mengembangkan petak kelapa sawit untuk petani, disebut sebagai plasma, di sekitar perkebunan, yang disebut sebagai Inti.<\/p>\n<p>Koordinator tim OPAL Indonesia Arya Hadi Dharmawan dari IPB juga terlibat, bersama dengan pemangku kepentingan lain, menjadi penasihat revisi keputusan yang mengatur standar kelapa sawit berkelanjutan di tingkat nasional.<\/p>\n<p>Ia juga terlibat dalam proses kebijakan inklusif dalam merumuskan apa yang kemudian dikenal sebagai <a href=\"https:\/\/setkab.go.id\/en\/president-jokowi-signs-presidential-regulation-on-ispo-certification-system\/#:~:text=In%20a%20bid%20to%20create,Indonesian%20Sustainable%20Palm%20Oil%20Plantation.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Keputusan Presiden Decree<\/a> Nomor 44.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKepres yang diterbitkan awal tahun ini tersebut bertujuan mendorong sistem tata kelola kelapa sawit yang efektif, efisien dan berkelanjutan melalui sertifikasi kelapa sawit,\u201d kata Komarudin, merujuk pada penyempurnaan sistem ISPO.<\/p>\n<p>Pengetahuan yang terkumpul melalui aktivitas OPAL, berkontribusi signifikan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan tersebut, katanya.<\/p>\n<p>Komarudin dan Rizka Amalia, juga sebagai peneliti OPAL, turut ambil bagian dalam forum tingkat provinsi untuk perkebunan berkelanjutan di Kalimantan Timur. Forum ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan regulasi inovatif lokal yang mendorong perlindungan kawasan bernilai konservasi tinggi (HCV) di wilayah perkebunan yang terfragmentasi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>JALAN KE DEPAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kembali ke Kutai Kartanegara, menurut Komarudin, para pemangku kepentingan kini berkomunikasi dan berkolaborasi lebih efektif. Difasilitasi program OPAL, pejabat pemerintah dan pegawai perusahaan setempat bekerja bersama dengan fokus baru dalam mendiskusikan skenarion perkebunan berkelanjutan, mengidentifikasi dan validasi lokasi kawasan HCV di dalam konsesi kelapa sawit, sambil terus berkontribusi pada janji pemerintah provinsi Kalimantan Timur untuk mengurangi emisi karbon.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Role playing game inspires perspectives on Indonesia\u2019s palm oil certification standards\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eoOPIFy2kQM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Meski masa depan masih belum pasti, jelas bawah OPAL telah mempengaruhi dialog. Di Kutai Kartanegara, permainan ini memberdayakan para pemangku kepentingan \u2013 mulai petani hingga eksekutif perusahaan kelapa sawit hingga pejabat pemerintah \u2013 dalam membangun keputusan yang lebih baik. \u201cDalam lingkup lebih luas, peneliti OPAL kini aktiv berpartisipasi dalam panel pengambil kebijakan kelapa sawit,\u201d kata Dharmawan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPerlu waktu untuk melihat perubahan lebih luasnya,\u201d kata Komarudin. \u201cNamun terbit harapan \u2013 bahwa kita semua melangkah maju menuju industri kelapa sawit yang lebih berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan di Indonesia.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/team\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>OPAL<\/em><\/a><em> merupakan program penelitian kolaboratif yang dipimpin oleh ETH Zurich, melibatkan lembaga internasional (CIFOR, CIRAD dan WWF), perguruan tinggi (Universitas Pontifical Javeriana, IPB dan EPFL Lausanne), firma konsultasi khusus kelapa sawit (NES Naturaleza) dan beberapa asosiasi pengusaha perkebunan. Program ini melibatkan sejumlah peneliti Doktoral yang berperan meningkatkan pemahaman mengenai sistem sosioekologis dan faktor penyebab perubahan bentang alam terkait dengan pengembangan kelapa sawit, dan memberikan opsi rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan tata kelola bentang alam komoditas yang dihasilkan berbagai negara di Asia (Indonesia), Amerika Latin (Kolombia) dan Afrika (Kamerun). <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hutan hujan tua Indonesia di Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Papua merupakan ekosistem terestrial bumi yang paling kaya dengan keragaman flora dan fauna. Selama lebih dari dua dekade, satelit mendokumentasikan sejenis pohon merambah batas-batas hutan tua ini. Terlihat dari angkasa, ketika langit cerah, karakteristik kilau warna hijau tua hutan alam terkoyak di bagian ujung oleh warna muda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":308,"featured_media":69782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2616,7562,2559],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3086,3085],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[8751],"class_list":["post-70115","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-opal","tag-bahasa-permainan","type-bahasa-peliputan-acara","type-bahasa-video"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Langkah Maju Permainan di Indonesia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/70115\/langkah-maju-permainan-di-indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Langkah Maju Permainan di Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hutan hujan tua Indonesia di Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Papua merupakan ekosistem terestrial bumi yang paling kaya dengan keragaman flora dan fauna. Selama lebih dari dua dekade, satelit mendokumentasikan sejenis pohon merambah batas-batas hutan tua ini. 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