{"id":66860,"date":"2020-08-14T09:30:05","date_gmt":"2020-08-14T02:30:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=66860"},"modified":"2020-08-13T21:38:52","modified_gmt":"2020-08-13T14:38:52","slug":"hutan-tanaman-di-vietnam-tingkatkan-produk-dan-jasa-ekosistem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/66860\/hutan-tanaman-di-vietnam-tingkatkan-produk-dan-jasa-ekosistem","title":{"rendered":"Hutan tanaman di Vietnam tingkatkan produk dan jasa ekosistem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bangkit dari lantak perang, bukan hanya harus memikirkan kembali dan menata ulang kebijakan untuk membenahi kondisi sosial, budaya dan infrastruktur ekonomi, tetapi juga membutuhkan upaya bersama dalam memperbaiki kerusakan keanekaragaman hayati dan degradasi bentang alam.<\/p>\n

Selama perang Vietnam (1955-1975), yang dikenal di Vietnam sebagai Perang Amerika, sejumlah besar lahan rusak akibat zat kimia pemati tanaman yang disemprotkan di hutan dan lahan saat operasi militer AS.<\/p>\n

Inisiatif reforestasi diawali pada 1980-an. Pada 2000, dua juta hektare hutan telah tertanami. Langkah itu terus dilakukan, dan kini sudah 4,2 juta hektare hutan ditanami. Luas ini setara dengan 26 persen dari total lahan berhutan sebesar 14,6 juta hektare.<\/p>\n

Sekitar dua pertiga hutan tanaman tersebut, terutama diisi pohon Akasia dan Eukaliptus, yang dikelola petani.<\/p>\n

Upaya yang terutama dirancang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kayu bahan baku industri dan meningkatkan penghasilan desa ini, menempatkan Vietnam di antara negara-negara Asia yang telah meningkatkan tutupan hutan dan beragam fungsi ekologi hutan, demikian menurut para penulis makalah penelitian terbaru<\/a> dalam jurnal Forests<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cMeski sudah ada pemahaman yang baik mengenai lingkup luas hutan baru ini, masih sedikit investigasi terhadap jasa ekosistem yang dihasilkan,\u201d kata Kiran Paudyal, penulis utama makalah. \u201cJasa ekosistem adalah kontribusi langsung dan tidak langsung pada kesejahteraan manusia. Termasuk menyediakan, mengatur dan jasa habitat.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

DINAMIKA PENANAMAN <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ilmuwan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), Universitas Melbourne<\/a> (UoM) Australia dan Akademi Ilmu Hutan Vietnam<\/a> (VAFS) mengukur jasa ekosistem yang dihasilkan dari hutan tanaman Vietnam dengan menggunakan kerangka yang disusun<\/a> oleh peneliti CIFOR dan UoM.<\/p>\n

Melalui penelitian \u2013 yang merupakan bagian dari proyek multidisiplin di PDR Lao dan Vietnam \u2013 mereka ingin lebih mendalami manajemen bentang alam di tengah pertumbuhan penduduk-yang memberi tekanan pada hutan.<\/p>\n

Para ilmuwan melakukan asesmen perubahan pemanfaatan lahan antara 2005 dan 2015 di provinsi Quang-Tri dan Thien-Hue di Vietnam tengah. Di sini pemerintah pusat dan provinsi mendukung restorasi hutan untuk perlindungan daerah aliran sungai dan produksi kayu sejak 1980-an.<\/p>\n

\u201cMelalui data satelit, kita mendapati bahwa perubahan tutupan lahan \u2013 terutama konversi lahan bukan-hutan menjadi hutan tanaman \u2013 secara signifikan meningkatkan kapasitas bentang alam dalam menyediakan jasa ekosistem,\u201d kata Himlal Baral, ilmuwan senior CIFOR dan salah seorang penulis laporan.<\/p>\n

\u201cMeski ekspansi hutan tanaman dan peningkatan kawasan hutan rusak pada lahan bukan-hutan menurunkan kapasitas bentang alam memasok air bersih, manfaat ekologis retensi sedimen, provisi habitat dan stok karboh, seluruhnya meningkat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Melalui asesmen manfaat jasa ekosistem yang diberikan hutan tanaman, para ilmuwan dapat membantu menyusun strategi untuk manajemen lahan yang efektif untuk menginformasi pengambil keputusan, manajer hutan dan pemangku kepentingan lain.<\/p>\n

\u201cTim proyek kami mengembangkan opsi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan hasil berkelanjutan dari perkebunan,\u201d kata Rod Keenan, profesor UoM yang memimpin penelitian.<\/p>\n

\u201cTemuan menunjukkan, dengan investor dan kebijakan yang tepat, perkebunan dapat memberi manfaat jangka panjang bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan, seraya menyokong pembangunan industri lokal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

GAMBAR BESAR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Secara global, hutan alam menurun, sementara hutan tanaman meluas. Hutan tanaman meningkat sekitar 12,4 juta hektare antara 2010 dan 2015 \u2013 luas kawasan hutan tanaman saat ini sekitar 7 persen dari tutupan hutan dunia.<\/p>\n

Konversi hutan primer atau hutan sekunder menjadi hutan tanaman menghasilkan peningkatan produksi kayu, namun menghapus banyak jasa ekosistem karena hutan tanaman tidak bisa mereplikasi banyak fungsi dan manfaat hutan alam \u2013 oleh karena itu, konversi seharusnya dihindari, kata Baral.<\/p>\n

\u201cWalaupun begitu, melalui kehati-hatian perencanaan dan investasi perkebunan pada lahan terdegradasi atau lahan pertanian yang kurang produktif, hutan tanaman dapat mempertinggi serapan karbon, meningkatkan siklus air, melindungi tanah, meningkatkan habitat banyak spesies satwa liar, dan memberi manfaat bagi masyarakat,\u201d kata Baral. \u201cIni bisa dilakukan dengan pendekatan \u20184R\u2019: menanam pohon yang tepat di tempat yang tepat untuk tujuan tepat dan menghargai hak masyarakat lokal.\u201d<\/p>\n

Memelihara dan meningkatkan hutan alam juga vital.<\/p>\n

\u201cDalam penelitian ini, kami menemukan bahwa kawasan hutan alam menurun 20 persen dalam periode 10 tahun,\u201d kata Keenan. \u201cAkibatnya terjadi penurunan jasa seperti stok karbon dan habitat keanekaragaman hayati. Proses lainnya adalah degradasi hutan alam dalam bentang alam mengarah pada kehilangan keseluruhan nilai penting. Pendekatan yang lebih efektif dan kebijakan terintegrasi diperlukan bagi restorasi hutan dan meningkatkan jasa ekosistem bentang alam.<\/p>\n\n

Hutan tanaman yang dikelola secara intensif harus dipandang sebagai bagian dari strategi restorasi bentang alam berkelanjutan jangka panjang sebagaimana Bonn Challenge<\/a>, kata para ilmuwan tersebut. Bonn Challenge merupakan sebuah komitmen untuk merestorasi 150 juta hektare lahan terdeforestasi dan terdegradasi dunia pada 2020, dan 350 juta hektare pada 2030, yang disepakati pada perbincangan Iklim PBB 2014, dan menjadi bagian dari Deklarasi Hutan New York.<\/p>\n

Hutan tanaman dapat melepas tekanan ekonomi atas hutan alam, menyediakan penghidupan dan mendukung pembangunan industri lokal, kata Keenan.<\/p>\n

\u201cEkspansi hutan tanaman dipandang sangat berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan tutupan hutan Vietnam, jasa ekosistem dan penurunan kemiskinan,\u201d kata Vu Tan Phuong, deputi direktur VAFS.<\/p>\n

\u201cVietnam kini akan meningkatkan kualitas hutan tanaman dan mengelola hutan tanaman secara berkelanjutan dalam mengamankan pasokan kayu untuk sektor pengolahan kayu domestik dan perlindungan lingkungan hidup,\u201d kata Phuong.<\/p>\n

Berbagai negara lain melakukan penanaman pohon, hutan tanaman dan restorasi ekosistem sebagai bagian dari solusi berbasis alam untuk menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca dan dampak masa depan perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n

\u201cDengan bekerja bersama masyarakat lokal dan mengintegrasikan hutan tanaman ke dalam bentang alam, kita dapat mengembangkan program yang akan memberi manfaat langsung dan tak langsung,\u201d kata Baral.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bangkit dari lantak perang, bukan hanya harus memikirkan kembali dan menata ulang kebijakan untuk membenahi kondisi sosial, budaya dan infrastruktur ekonomi, tetapi juga membutuhkan upaya bersama dalam memperbaiki kerusakan keanekaragaman hayati dan degradasi bentang alam. Selama perang Vietnam (1955-1975), yang dikenal di Vietnam sebagai Perang Amerika, sejumlah besar lahan rusak akibat zat kimia pemati tanaman […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":66863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[6579,2532,7719],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[989],"class_list":["post-66860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-hutan-tanaman","tag-bahasa-jasa-ekosistem","tag-bahasa-reforestasi","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHutan tanaman di Vietnam tingkatkan produk dan jasa ekosistem - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/66860\/hutan-tanaman-di-vietnam-tingkatkan-produk-dan-jasa-ekosistem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hutan tanaman di Vietnam tingkatkan produk dan jasa ekosistem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bangkit dari lantak perang, bukan hanya harus memikirkan kembali dan menata ulang kebijakan untuk membenahi kondisi sosial, budaya dan infrastruktur ekonomi, tetapi juga membutuhkan upaya bersama dalam memperbaiki kerusakan keanekaragaman hayati dan degradasi bentang alam. 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