{"id":65240,"date":"2020-04-23T14:23:04","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T07:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=65240"},"modified":"2020-12-07T11:46:19","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T04:46:19","slug":"pandemik-covid-19-langkah-alam-untuk-mengisi-hutan-kosong-ketika-satwa-menghilang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/65240\/pandemik-covid-19-langkah-alam-untuk-mengisi-hutan-kosong-ketika-satwa-menghilang","title":{"rendered":"Pandemik COVID-19: Langkah alam untuk mengisi \u2018hutan kosong\u2019 ketika satwa menghilang"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cJangan biarkan hutan lebat membuat kita berpikir semua baik-baik saja.\u201d<\/p>\n

Peringatan Kent Redford ini membalikkan pandangan lama mengenai konservasi hutan, saat esai berjudul \u201cHutan Kosong<\/a>,\u201d dipublikasikan dalam jurnal BioScience<\/em> hampir 30 tahun lalu.<\/p>\n

\u201cBanyak hutan seperti \u2018mayat hidup\u2019. Meski satelit yang melintas di atasnya memasukkannya dalam kategori hutan, di dalamnya kosong dari keragaman satwa yang berharga bagi manusia,\u201d tulis Redford, merujuk pada tegakkan hutan yang terlihat sehat.<\/p>\n

\u201cHutan kosong adalah hutan binasa,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Hari ini, di tengah perdebatan mengenai pandemik COVID-19 serta kaitannya dengan satwa liar dan deforestasi, esai bernasnya mengarah pada potensi iterasi asal-muasal virus corona SARS-COV2.<\/p>\n

Telah menjadi hipotesis umum<\/a>, bahwa virus ini bersifat zoonotik, berasal dari kelelawar dan berpindah<\/a> lewat hewan lain, diduga dari trenggiling atau anjing, sebelum melompat pada manusia di sebuah pasar di Wuhan, Tiongkok.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Di CIFOR, penelitian kami mengenai virus dan hutan menggali kondisi yang memungkinkan transmisi tersebut.<\/p>\n

Pada publikasi<\/a> di Mammal Review 2016<\/em>, kami mengidentifikasi area sebaran wabah mematikan Ebola di Basin Kongo. Identifikasi ini menjadi satu langkah krusial dalam memahami faktor risiko atas terjadinya kasus baru. Penelitian kami antara lain mengidentifikasi negara yang bebas-virus meski \u201cberisiko\u201d terkena wabah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam upaya membangun langkah potensial dalam kesiapan menghadapi pandemi.<\/p>\n

Saat ini, Republik Demokratik Kongo menghadapi gelombang kedua epidemi besar. Menurut data<\/a> dari Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), lebih dari 3.300 kasus terkonfirmasi, 2.260 tewas dan 1.169 sembuh, sejak wabah ini diumumkan pada Agustus 2018.<\/p>\n

Dalam makalah yang dipublikasikan<\/a> dalam Nature <\/em>pada 2017, <\/em>kami menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan probabilitas wabah Ebola terkait dengan deforestasi, dan potensi terjadinya wabah bisa ditekan melalui konservasi hutan.<\/p>\n

Penelitian kami menunjukkan<\/a> favorabilitas kondisi virus Ebola dan konkurensi tertinggi kasus limpahan dari satwa pada manusia berada dalam hutan hujan tropis. Peta kami menunjukkan bahwa di pinggiran hutan dan area sekitar, penyakit bergerak lebih cepat pada manusia.<\/p>\n\n

Analisis dan kajian lebih dalam mengenai interaksi manusia-satwa diperlukan untuk memastikan area yang dihuni manusia berisiko mengalami transmisi zoonotik virus Ebola. Dalam kerangka ini, model kami dapat digunakan sebagai basis untuk menggambarkan konteks geografis.<\/p>\n

Mengingat faktor transmisi zoonotik virus Ebola lebih dipahami, sangat mungkin menggabungkan informasi ini ke dalam asesmen pemetaan-risiko dan mengembangkan tindakan mitigasi atau pencegahan.<\/p>\n

Kami telah melangkah ke arah ini.<\/p>\n

Dalam publikasi<\/a> di Mammal Review<\/em> akhir tahun lalu, kami menunjukkan bahwa deforestasi bisa mempercepat penyebaran Ebola di hutan hujan Afrika Barat dan Tengah, melalui peningkatan interaksi manusia-kelelawar.<\/p>\n

Kami menyimpulkan<\/a>, ketika pemakan buah ini terganggu oleh aktivitas manusia yang mengarah pada deforestasi, habitat mereka meluas, mempertinggi kontak dengan manusia dan mempengaruhi sebaran penyakit.<\/p>\n

HADIRNYA KEHIDUPAN BARU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Setelah 30 tahun berlalu, konsep Redford makin nyata.<\/p>\n

Hutan kosong, menipisnya keragaman hayati akibat perambahan skala besar seiring ekstraksi, industri dan pertanian diikuti oleh meluasnya deforestasi dan degradasi bentang alam.<\/p>\n

Kami menyimpulkan, ketika spesies buruan, terutama mamalia besar, dicerabut melalui perburuan, keseimbangan antara patogen dan inang terganggu pada tingkat yang menyebabkan penyakit dapat berpindah antar-satwa dan bahkan pada manusia.<\/p>\n

Dalam mengatasi fenomena ini, tujuan kami adalah melakukan penelitian besar untuk memetakan lokasi \u201cbentang alam sibuk\u201d di mana virus baru muncul pada abad lalu, mengolah data dan menginvestigasi pola konsisten yang terdapat pada bentang alam berhutan.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Melalui penelitian Ebola dan hutan, basis penelitian ini telah terbangun. Kini, kami memerlukan analisis lebih fokus pada interaksi manusia-satwa untuk menggambarkan kawasan berpenduduk yang berisiko mengalami transmisi penyakit zoonotik.<\/p>\n

Melalui penelitian ini, kami menawarkan potensi untuk menggabungkan berbagai informasi ke dalam asesmen pemetaan-risiko dan membantu pemerintah dalam mengembangkan tindakan mitigasi dan pencegahan.<\/p>\n

Secara umum, para pakar sepakat bahwa jumlah penyakit menular satwa-ke-manusia meningkat.<\/a> Sejumlah penelitian telah menelaah penyebab potensialnya, termasuk mengisolasi bentang alam yang didominasi manusia, di mana jumlah spesies satwa meningkat, dan diadaptasi sebagai faktor potensial.<\/p>\n

Misalnya, kawasan di mana manusia dengan habitat dan pangan satwa liar berimpitan dalam pertanian atau kota.<\/p>\n

Dengan sekitar separuh populasi dunia tinggal di kota, spesies seperti tikus dan satwa pengerat lain tampaknya terus menjadi sumber signifikan transmisi patogen zoonotik. Hal tersebut dinyatakan oleh para peneliti di EpiCenter for Disease Dynamics<\/a> Universitas California, Davis dan Facultas Veteriner dan Ilmu Pertanian<\/a> di Universitas Melbourne Australia.<\/p>\n

Dalam makalah yang dirilis pekan ini, para ilmuwan Universitas Glasgow<\/a> Skotlandia melaporkan, kelompok satwa dengan jumlah spesies lebih banyak cenderung memiliki lebih banyak virus. Akibatnya, sejumlah besar virus tersebut berpotensi melompat pada manusia.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Mereka menyatakan bahwa penelitian seharusnya terfokus pada sifat virus yang mungkin meningkatkan kapasitasnya untuk berpindah ke manusia dan mempertimbangkan bagaimana peran perdagangan satwa liar dan perubahan lingkungan dapat mengarah pada meningkatnya kontak manusia dengan satwa, dan sekali lagi, dengan lebih banyak virus.<\/p>\n

Dalam \u201cHutan Kosong,\u201d Redford menulis bahwa para ahli biologi konservasi mengkhawatirkan kepunahan. Ia menunjukkan, beberapa jenis kepunahan, mencakup global, lokal dan ekologis.<\/p>\n

Ia mendefinisikan kepunahan ekologis sebagai \u201creduksi satu spesies hingga tersisa sangat sedikit, yang meski masih ada dalam lingkungan tetapi tidak lagi berinteraksi secara signifikan dengan spesies lain.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bagaimana jika satu-satunya pilihan adalah berinteraksi dan berkompetisi dengan manusia? Apa yang kemudian terjadi dengan aturan kodrati alam?<\/p>\n

Satwa memainkan peran penting di hutan, menyediakan jasa ekosistem, menyebar serbuk sari dan benih, mengatur populasi satwa lain, serangga dan hama. Mereka juga memberi protein dan lemak esensial bagi jutaan penduduk.<\/p>\n

Untuk alasan ini, kita perlu membangun gambaran lebih baik mengenai apa yang terjadi ketika alam terganggu.<\/p>\n

Kita tidak boleh terfokus pada bentang alam sibuk produk intervensi manusia mendistraksi kita dari potensi kerusakan akibat perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi dalam hutan pada kesehatan manusia.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cJangan biarkan hutan lebat membuat kita berpikir semua baik-baik saja.\u201d Peringatan Kent Redford ini membalikkan pandangan lama mengenai konservasi hutan, saat esai berjudul \u201cHutan Kosong,\u201d dipublikasikan dalam jurnal BioScience hampir 30 tahun lalu. \u201cBanyak hutan seperti \u2018mayat hidup\u2019. Meski satelit yang melintas di atasnya memasukkannya dalam kategori hutan, di dalamnya kosong dari keragaman satwa yang […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":65246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[9770,2522,8195,9771],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[851,989,10220],"class_list":["post-65240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-covid-19","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-degradasi-hutan","tag-bahasa-trenggiling","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPandemik COVID-19: Langkah alam untuk mengisi \u2018hutan kosong\u2019 ketika satwa menghilang - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/65240\/pandemik-covid-19-langkah-alam-untuk-mengisi-hutan-kosong-ketika-satwa-menghilang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pandemik COVID-19: Langkah alam untuk mengisi \u2018hutan kosong\u2019 ketika satwa menghilang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cJangan biarkan hutan lebat membuat kita berpikir semua baik-baik saja.\u201d Peringatan Kent Redford ini membalikkan pandangan lama mengenai konservasi hutan, saat esai berjudul \u201cHutan Kosong,\u201d dipublikasikan dalam jurnal BioScience hampir 30 tahun lalu. \u201cBanyak hutan seperti \u2018mayat hidup\u2019. 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