{"id":64950,"date":"2020-04-03T13:00:57","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T06:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=64950"},"modified":"2020-12-07T11:48:32","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T04:48:32","slug":"pelarangan-daging-satwa-liar-akibat-covid-19-bisa-menghilangkan-protein-dari-meja-makan-jutaan-masyarakat-hutan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/64950\/pelarangan-daging-satwa-liar-akibat-covid-19-bisa-menghilangkan-protein-dari-meja-makan-jutaan-masyarakat-hutan","title":{"rendered":"Pelarangan daging satwa liar akibat COVID-19 bisa menghilangkan asupan protein jutaan masyarakat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Para konservasionis menyambut gembira keputusan Tiongkok yang melarang perburuan dan konsumsi satwa liar.<\/p>\n

Keputusan tersebut didasari oleh teori<\/a> yang menyatakan bahwa COVID-19 ditansmisikan dari trenggiling atau kelelawar pada manusia di sebuah pasar di kota Wuhan.<\/p>\n

Kejadian ini mirip dengan respon atas penjeratan dan konsumsi daging satwa liar saat terjadi epidemi Ebola. Ebola juga dipicu interaksi satwa-manusia dan mewabah di Afrika Barat mulai 2014 hingga 2016<\/a>. Pada saat itu, para konservasionis menyatakan<\/a> bahwa wabah itu bermanfaat bagi satwa liar, karena masyarakat tidak lagi mengonsumsi daging satwa liar.<\/p>\n

Transmisi penyakit antara satwa pada manusia bukan hal baru. Menurut<\/a> Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit AS, satwa merupakan vektor dari lebih 60 persen penyakit menular. Lembaga ini juga menyatakan bahwa tiga dari setiap empat penyakit menular baru atau yang tengah berkembang bersifat zoonosis.<\/p>\n

Pada abad Pertengahan, wabah yang disebabkan oleh Yersinia pestis<\/em>, bakteri pada mamalia kecil dan lalatnya menyebabkan \u201cKematian Hitam\u201d. Pandemik pada abad 14 tersebut merenggut lebih dari 50 juta jiwa di Eropa<\/a>. Sementara flu Spanyol yang diduga berasal dari babi, memicu pandemik 1918-1919<\/a>. Sebanyak 40 juta orang di seluruh dunia meninggal saat itu.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Penyakit seringkali melompat dari satwa ke manusia, dan jadi makin serius serta berpotensi memicu pandemik saat terjadi penularan manusia ke manusia.<\/p>\n

Bagaimana ini bisa terjadi? Fokusnya saat ini memang pada satwa liar. Namun ingat, seperti pada kasus flu Spanyol, sebagian penyakit mematikan ditularkan pada manusia bukan dari satwa liar, tetapi oleh ternak. Misalnya, flu burung yang dipicu ayam dan tikus yang menimbulkan wabah serta menyebabkan hantavirus.<\/p>\n

Pertama, transmisi terjadi ketika manusia menciptakan kontak dengan satwa liar di ruang yang sebelumnya tidak ada. Dengan kata lain, manusia lah yang \u201cmendatangi\u201d lokasi reservoar virus.<\/p>\n

Penelitian Ebola<\/a> oleh tim lintas disiplin yang dikoordinasikan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), Universitas Malaga<\/a> Spanyol dan Universitas Metropolitan Manchester<\/a> Inggris, mendalami bagaimana satwa liar, manusia dan bentang alam berinteraksi. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam kerangka besar, masalah muncul terkait deforestasi dan degradasi habitat. Kondisi tersebut kemudian memicu osilasi lingkungan yang mendorong lompatan penyakit dari satwa pada manusia.<\/p>\n

Dalam sebuah penelitian lebih baru, tim menunjukan bahwa kelelawar di hutan hujan Afrika terganggu oleh manusia. Peningkatan kontak dengan manusia mempengaruhi penyebaran Ebola atau penyakit lain yang dibawa oleh kelelawar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Kedua, transmisi terjadi ketika manusia membawa reservoar virus ke lingkungannya. Misalnya, melalui pasar satwa hidup atau lokasi perdagangan hewan peliharaan \u2013 ingat psittacosis, atau lebih dikenal sebagai demam burung kakak tua.<\/p>\n

Perdagangan satwa liar global \u2013 legal atau ilegal \u2013 yang bernilai jutaan dolar, juga dituding menyebarkan patogen dan penyakit menular melalui transportasi legal atau ilegal satwa<\/a>, atau melalui penjualan satwa hidup di pasar dalam kondisi buruk.<\/p>\n

Dua mekanisme transmisi penyakit dari satwa pada manusia ini cukup universal, bahkan dalam kasus pandemik virus Corona saat ini.<\/p>\n

Oleh karena itu, solusi masalah ini harus lebih bernuansa daripada pelarangan global dadakan semata.<\/p>\n

Jika contoh pelarangan perburuan satwa liar yang dilakukan Tiongkok diikuti berbagai negara lain, langkah ini bisa berarti bahwa jutaan orang<\/a> \u2013 yang terutama berada di desa termiskin dan masyarakat adat \u2013 tidak akan diperbolehkan melakukan perburuan atau pengumpulkan satwa liar. Padahal ini merupakan satu-satunya sumber protein hewani yang tersedia untuk mereka.<\/p>\n

Saat protein lain tidak tersedia, mengonsumsi satwa liar adalah kebutuhan. Pelarangan seharusnya dilakukan jika ada alternatif dan jika motifnya memetik keuntungan dari satwa liar. Banyak konsumen kota memandang daging satwa liar sebagai kemewahan, sementara yang lain membeli karena bermigrasi dari desa ke kota, dan mereka ingin terus mengonsumsi makanan tradisionalnya.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Menggunakan istilah sangat sederhana: negara seharusnya melarang perdagangan satwa hidup, menutup pasar satwa hidup, menghentikan penjualan satwa liar dan memutus perdagangan satwa liar dari hutan ke kota-kota.<\/p>\n

Dengan melakukan ini, kita membantu melindungi satwa liar dalam habitatnya dan mendorong masyarakat memanfaatkan sumber daya ini. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penduduk kota tidak bergantung hanya pada daging satwa liar sebagai sumber protein hewani, karena banyak sumber lain tersedia.<\/p>\n

Kelindan antara konsumsi satwa liar, keamanan pangan dan penghapusan kemiskinan harus dieksplorasi secara simultan saat mengambil keputusan, bukan bergantung pada wacana kolonial kolot<\/a> mengenai konservasi yang meninggikan posisi satwa liar di atas masyarakat.<\/p>\n

Masyarakat desa dan adat yang memanen daging satwa liar secara berkelanjutan sebagai sumber protein sedang menghadapi makin tingginya kompetisi akibat deforestasi, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, perdagangan legal dan ilegal. Kita seharusnya tidak makin mempertinggi risiko malnutrisi atau kelaparan yang terus meningkat.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Banyak hutan tropis menghadapi sindrom \u201chutan kosong\u201d \u2013 hutan cukup lebat namun kekurangan satwa besar akibat perburuan berlebihan, penyakit , dampak perubahan iklim, deforestasi dan degradasi hutan.<\/p>\n

Untuk mengatasi eksploitasi tak berkelanjutan di tengah meningkatnya kekhawatiran transmisi penyakit satwa-manusia, kebijakan yang tepat dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi lokal harus dikembangkan dan diimplementasikan.<\/p>\n

CIFOR dan mitra Program Manajemen Satwa Liar Berkelanjutan<\/a> \u2014 yang melibatkan FAO, Pusat Penelitian Pertanian untuk Pembangunan Internasional Prancis (CIRAD) dan Wildlife Conservation Society \u2014 melalui dukungan Komisi Eropa, terus berkontribusi dalam upaya ini melalui riset-aksi, konsultasi terbuka, bekerja sama dengan masyarakat untuk mempelajari bagaimana cara terbaik melindungi penghidupan dan tradisi masyarakat hutan dan penduduk desa, serat bentang alam tempat mereka hidup.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para konservasionis menyambut gembira keputusan Tiongkok yang melarang perburuan dan konsumsi satwa liar. Keputusan tersebut didasari oleh teori yang menyatakan bahwa COVID-19 ditansmisikan dari trenggiling atau kelelawar pada manusia di sebuah pasar di kota Wuhan. Kejadian ini mirip dengan respon atas penjeratan dan konsumsi daging satwa liar saat terjadi epidemi Ebola. Ebola juga dipicu interaksi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":64954,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2575,6929],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[2967],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[851,10220],"class_list":["post-64950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-adat","tag-bahasa-satwa-liar","type-bahasa-kolom-dirjen"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPelarangan daging satwa liar akibat COVID-19 bisa menghilangkan asupan protein jutaan masyarakat - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/64950\/pelarangan-daging-satwa-liar-akibat-covid-19-bisa-menghilangkan-protein-dari-meja-makan-jutaan-masyarakat-hutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pelarangan daging satwa liar akibat COVID-19 bisa menghilangkan asupan protein jutaan masyarakat\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Para konservasionis menyambut gembira keputusan Tiongkok yang melarang perburuan dan konsumsi satwa liar. Keputusan tersebut didasari oleh teori yang menyatakan bahwa COVID-19 ditansmisikan dari trenggiling atau kelelawar pada manusia di sebuah pasar di kota Wuhan. Kejadian ini mirip dengan respon atas penjeratan dan konsumsi daging satwa liar saat terjadi epidemi Ebola. 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