{"id":62563,"date":"2019-10-23T12:21:09","date_gmt":"2019-10-23T05:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=62563"},"modified":"2019-10-28T11:41:02","modified_gmt":"2019-10-28T04:41:02","slug":"pembangunan-berkelanjutan-industri-kelapa-sawit-bisa-memberi-manfaat-bagi-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/62563\/pembangunan-berkelanjutan-industri-kelapa-sawit-bisa-memberi-manfaat-bagi-indonesia","title":{"rendered":"Pembangunan berkelanjutan industri kelapa sawit bisa memberi manfaat bagi Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hujan yang ditunggu akhirnya datang di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia yang mengalami kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Hujan melepaskan kekhawatiran di lokasi yang sebelumnya diselimuti asap beracun. Seperti biasanya, pasca masa kebakaran berakhir, perhatian dunia lalu beralih pada industri kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n

Mempersiapkan lahan dengan membakar memang lebih murah dibanding cara-cara lain, menjadinnya sebagai metode utama. Namun, ketika tidak dilakukan dalam kondisi terkendali<\/a>, praktik pembakaran memicu masalah. Di Indonesia, menurut angka dari pemerintah, kawasan yang terbakar tahun ini relatif lebih rendah, sekitar 328.772 hektare<\/a>, dibanding 2,6 juta hektare pada 2015.<\/p>\n

Malaysia dan Indonesia memasok 85% produksi kelapa sawit global<\/a>, melalui korporasi swasta, perusahaan milik negara dan petani. Kini, Indonesia memiliki 14 juta hektare lahan budi daya kelapa sawit, mengoperasikan lebih dari 715 pabrik dan 106 penyulingan. Komoditas ini memberi kontribusi pada ekspor senilai 23 miliar dolar AS pada 2017. Jutaan pemangku kepentingan membudidayakan kelapa sawit, dan mempekerjakan sekitar 8 juta orang.<\/p>\n\n

Praktik pengembangan lahan tak berkelanjutan <\/strong><\/p>\n

Praktik pengembangan lahan tak berkelanjutan menjadi ancaman bagi ekonomi dan lingkungan hidup Indonesia<\/p>\n

\u201cKeberlanjutan bukan pilihan, tapi keharusan,\u201d kata Herry Purnomo, ilmuwan senior Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), menjelaskan bahwa konsep berkelanjutan tertulis dalam konstitusi Indonesia. Pasal 33 ayat 4 secara khusus menggarisbawahi peran keberlanjutan dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Purnomo menyatakan, isu lingkungan hidup akan terus berkembang dan menjadi penting seiring dengan perkembangan industri kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n

Pembangunan berkelanjutan industri kelapa sawit, menurut Purnomo merupakan peluang bagi produsen Indonesia untuk lebih bisa bersaing. \u201cKita perlu membuktikan bahwa kita mampu mengembangkan kelapa sawit secara berkelanjutan sejalan dengan standar kelapa sawit seperti ISPO, RSPO dan ISCC,\u201d katanya, merujuk beberapa sertifikasi keberlanjutan kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n

Beberapa perusahaan di Indonesia telah membuat komitmen untuk produksi berkelanjutan, \u201cBebas Deforestasi, Bebas Gambut, dan Bebas Eksploitasi (NDPE). \u201cIsu lingkungan hidup masa depan bisa seperti saat kita melakukan praktik agama,\u201d kata Purnomo. \u201cKita sudah melihat tren ini di Eropa.\u201d<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
Kebijakan, perdagangan global dan perspektif konsumen kelapa sawit Indonesia.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Dampak industri pada lingkungan hidup <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pedoman Energi Terbarukan Uni Eropa<\/a> yang menghapus penggunaan kelapa sawit sebagai biofuel pada 2030 memberi tekanan pada produsen kelapa sawit Indonesia dan Malaysia. Menurut Michael Bucki, Konsul Perubahan Iklim dan Lingkungan Hidup, Delegasi Uni Eropa ke Indonesia dan Brunei Darussalam, masyarakat menginginkan keberlanjutan. \u201cKebijakan ini tidak hanya untuk kelapa sawit saja,\u201d katanya. Bucki menambahkan, UE terbuka untuk mempertimbangkan kembali kebijakan ini, namun \u201cpenurunan nyata deforestasi adalah pesan utamanya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pemerintah Indonesia telah bergerak menyempurnakan tata kelola sektor kelapa sawit, antara lain melalui keputusan moratorium izin baru perkebunan pada 2018. Menurut Purnomo, opsi kebijakan manajemen perkebunan kelapa sawit juga sedang dijajaki.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeningkatan produktivitas bisa memberikan kompensasi moratorium ekspansi perkebunan,\u201d katanya. \u201cPerusakan gambut dari perkebunan dalam dapat terganti dengan penanaman di tanah mineral.<\/p>\n

Reforma agraria di Indonesia akan mendorong petani menjadi aktor utama produksi buah sawit,\u201d tambahnya, merujuk pada reformasi tenurial lahan inisiatif pemerintah.<\/p>\n\n

Peran petani <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ilmuwan utama CIFOR dan ketua tim riset Value Chains, Finance and Investment (VFI), Michael Brady menyatakan, meski lebih dari 40 persen perkebunan kelapa sawit<\/a> dikelola oleh petani, \u201ctantangan besarnya adalah membuat petani tetap untung ketika terjadi fluktuasi harga, biaya modal dan transportasi yang tinggi, dan kurangnya pengalaman pertanian.\u201d<\/p>\n

Timbal balik lain antara keamanan pangan dan nutrisi juga diharapkan. \u201cDi balik keuntungan finansial petani juga ada terkorbankan,\u201d kata Brady. \u201cMereka kehilangan akses pada pangan liar dan makin tergantung pada pangan olahan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Salah satu solusi masalah ini, menurut Brady, adalah bagaimana mengakses dana kelapa sawit untuk meningkatkan produktivitas petani dalam produksi kelapa sawit. Pada 2014, pemerintah Indonesia membentuk fasilitas pendanaan, mengumpulkan dana dari ekspor kelapa sawit dan memanfaatkannya untuk menyempurnakan berbagai aspek dalam sektor ini. Saat ini, sebagian besar dana didistribusikan untuk produsen besar.<\/p>\n

Tim ilmuwan CIFOR mengembangkan penelitian manajemen bentang alam paling ekstensif sepanjang sejarah di Indonesia<\/a> \u2013 menganalisis lebih dari 400.000 kilometer persegi lahan di Kalimantan Barat di Kalimantan. Penelitian ini akan menghasilkan peta vegetasi ekologi skala besar yang mencakup keseluruhan provinsi.<\/p>\n

\n\t\t\t\t\"\"
Seorang peserta berdialog dengan panelis pada Dialog Kebijakan \u2013 Mewujudkan Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan di Indonesia.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t<\/figure>\n

Yves Laumonier, ilmuwan senior CIFOR\/CIRAD yang memimpin tim riset mengatakan, ia menyaksikan keragaman hayati yang makin menurun, tidak hanya pada kelapa sawit, tetapi pada seluruh perkebunan monokultur. Banyak hutan terfragmentasi akibat pembangunan perkebunan. Konservasi menjadi penting bukan hanya untuk perusahaan besar, tetapi bagi petani.<\/p>\n

Kelapa sawit berkelanjutan adalah keniscayaan. \u201cMasalahnya bukan pada tanaman itu sendiri, tetapi lebih pada di mana dan bagaimana manusia menanam dan membudidayakannya,\u201d kata Purnomo. \u201cKelapa sawit tidak boleh menggantikan hutan primer atau taman nasional.\u201d<\/p>\n

Kampanye melawan perdagangan kayu tidak berkelanjutan muncul beberapa dekade lalu. Konflik ini teratasi melalui kolaborasi Indonesia \u2013 EU yang menelurkan lisensi Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT).<\/p>\n

\u201cSaya tidak melihat ada alasan mengapa kita tidak bisa melakukan hal serupa untuk kelapa sawit,\u201d kata Purnomo. \u201c\u2019Keberlanjutan sebagai keunggulan\u2019 kelapa sawit adalah jalan yang harus ditempuh.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hujan yang ditunggu akhirnya datang di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia yang mengalami kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Hujan melepaskan kekhawatiran di lokasi yang sebelumnya diselimuti asap beracun. Seperti biasanya, pasca masa kebakaran berakhir, perhatian dunia lalu beralih pada industri kelapa sawit. Mempersiapkan lahan dengan membakar memang lebih murah dibanding cara-cara lain, menjadinnya sebagai metode utama. Namun, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":62568,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[7739,2616],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7230],"class_list":["post-62563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-berkelanjutan","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPembangunan berkelanjutan industri kelapa sawit bisa memberi manfaat bagi Indonesia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/62563\/pembangunan-berkelanjutan-industri-kelapa-sawit-bisa-memberi-manfaat-bagi-indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pembangunan berkelanjutan industri kelapa sawit bisa memberi manfaat bagi Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hujan yang ditunggu akhirnya datang di beberapa wilayah di Indonesia yang mengalami kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Hujan melepaskan kekhawatiran di lokasi yang sebelumnya diselimuti asap beracun. Seperti biasanya, pasca masa kebakaran berakhir, perhatian dunia lalu beralih pada industri kelapa sawit. Mempersiapkan lahan dengan membakar memang lebih murah dibanding cara-cara lain, menjadinnya sebagai metode utama. 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