{"id":60307,"date":"2019-04-01T11:21:23","date_gmt":"2019-04-01T04:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=60307"},"modified":"2019-04-01T11:52:03","modified_gmt":"2019-04-01T04:52:03","slug":"kesejahteraan-tumbuh-di-lahan-kering-wonogiri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/60307\/kesejahteraan-tumbuh-di-lahan-kering-wonogiri","title":{"rendered":"Kesejahteraan tumbuh di lahan kering Wonogiri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sejak jaman prasejarah, pohon tamanu atau nyamplung [Calophyllum inophyllum] <\/em>telah banyak membantu manusia.<\/p>\n

Kayunya yang dikenal pula sebagai bahan \u2018tiang kapal\u2019 telah dimanfaatkan oleh pembuat kapal selama beratus tahun. Tamanu tumbuh tinggi dan kuat di kawasan berpasir dan berbatu.<\/p>\n

Tamanu adalah tumbuhan asli Asia tropis, dan dibawa oleh orang Austronesia saat migrasi ke Oseania dan Madagaskar. Tamanu sangat berharga bagi para penjelajah ini, setara pohon Oak bagi penjelajah Eropa.<\/p>\n

Di Polinesia, masyarakat adat memiliki panggilan sayang untuk pohon tamanu, yaitu \u201csi daun cantik.\u201d Mereka memanfaatkan minyak dari biji buahnya sebagai balsem pelembab dan penyembuh, selain sebagai minyak rambut dan pereda nyeri. Secara internasonal, saat ini minyak tamanu digunakan untuk beragam produk perawatan kulit dan rambut.<\/p>\n

Minyak tamanu yang semerbak dan kecoklatan ternyata kini bisa juga digunakan sebagai bioenergi. Tamanu dewasa bisa menghasilkan 20 ton minyak mentah per hektare per tahun. Di Kabupaten Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, sebuah penelitian terbaru<\/a> menunjukkan bahwa budi daya tamanu untuk bioenergi di atas lahan terdegradasi mampu memberi beragam manfaat bagi petani, seraya membantu restorasi lahan, dan mengurangi ketergantungan negara pada bahan bakar fosil.<\/p>\n

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Sejauh ini, hampir semua produksi biofuel di negeri ini berasal dari kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

LEBIH DARI KELAPA SAWIT <\/strong><\/p>\n

Indonesia telah berikrar untuk meningkatkan konsumsi biodiesel dan bioetanol, masing-masing hingga 30 persen dan 20 persen pada 2025. Namun, tingkat produksi biofuel saat ini masih jauh untuk bisa mencapai target tersebut. Jika pun mendongkrak produksi pada skala itu akan menghadapi tantangan lingkungan.<\/p>\n

Sejauh ini, hampir semua produksi biofuel di negeri ini berasal dari kelapa sawit. Konversi lahan tanaman pangan menjadi kelapa sawit sangat berdampak pada keamanan pangan. Pada banyak kasus perkebunan kelapa sawit merambah hutan hujan dan lahan gambut, mengancam keragaman hayati dan melepas karbon ke atmosfer.<\/p>\n

Inilah alasannya mengapa para peneliti mulai mengeksplorasi opsi bioenergi alternatif, mencari spesies multi-guna yang dapat dikembangkan di lahan terdegradasi. Sebuah penelitian terbaru<\/a> dalam Sustainability<\/em> menunjukkan terdapat sekitar 3,5 juta hektare lahan terdegradasi di Indonesia akan cocok untuk membudidayakan satu dari lima spesies kunci biodiesel dan biomassa. Selain memiliki fungsi sebagai bioenergi, tanaman ini mampu meningkatkan fungsi tanah dan mendorong keanekaragaman hayati. Oleh karena itu, akan berperan penting dalam restorasi lahan.<\/p>\n

[slinkid =”ref1″]<\/p>\n

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Aris Sanjaya\/CIFOR<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

PANEN MADU PETANI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Menanam pohon di lahan terdegradasi bukan tugas mudah, dan hasilnya juga lama. Petani perlu sumber penghasilan lain, jika budi daya tamanu untuk biofuel diharapkan berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

Di Wonogiri, ilmuwan dari Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a>(CIFOR), CFBTI dan Korean National Institute of Forest Science<\/a> (NIFOS) berupaya menghitung berbagai upaya agar petani untung.<\/p>\n

Mereka mengumpulkan data dari 20 petani yang sudah menanam tamanu di lahan terdegradasi. Petani melakukan tumpang sari dengan jagung, padi dan kacang, serta melakukan budi daya lebah madu.<\/p>\n

Para peneliti menemukan, padi dan kacang kurang menguntungkan, sementara jagung juga belum menjanjikan, meski petani tetap menanamnya untuk pangan keluarga. Namun, menurut ilmuwan CIFOR, Syed Rahman, uang besarnya terletak pada produksi madu, yang memberi keuntungan hampir 300 kali lipat dibanding jagung. \u201cKita semua terkejut dengan tingkat keuntungan itu,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n

Penelitian ini menyatakan, tamanu dapat dibudidayakan sebagai bagian dari sistem wanatani yang juga memproduksi madu dan tanaman pokok di sebuah kawasan. Apa yang dibutuhkan saat ini, menurut ilmuwan senior CFBTI dan Profesor Budi Leksono, adalah pengembangan pasar biofuel yang mampu mengisi skala ekonomi petani.<\/p>\n

\u201cPasar minyak nyamplung belum terbangun,\u201d kata Leksono. \u201cBagaimanapun kita menghadapi krisis energi, dan [dengan melakukan ini sekarang] kita mempersiapkan perkebunan masa depan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Namun, Rahman mengingatkan, kebijakan di seputar upaya ini perlu dirancang dengan sangat berhati-hati. \u201cKarena ini sangat berpotensi menguntungkan,\u201d katanya, \u201crisikonya masyarakat akan mengembangkan sistem ini ke lahan hutan juga.\u201d Jadi, tambahnya, pembatasan perlu diterapkan untuk menjaga agar budi daya hanya dilakukan di lahan terdegradasi dan lahan tidur.<\/p>\n

Implikasinya menarik. Ilmuwan CIFOR, Himlal Baral mencatat, meski minat dan komitmen nasional dan global untuk restorasi bentang alam hutan meningkat, sejauh ini tingkat keberhasilan tertahan oleh kurang solidnya kemasan bisnis atau viabilitas finansial. \u201cAgar pembiayaan mengalir masuk ke restorasi bentang alam, langkah ini harus menguntungkan,\u201d katanya. Budi daya berbasis tamanu mungkin memberi tawaran menggiurkan bagi restorasi dan semua pihak yang terlibat.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sejak jaman prasejarah, pohon tamanu atau nyamplung [Calophyllum inophyllum] telah banyak membantu manusia. Kayunya yang dikenal pula sebagai bahan \u2018tiang kapal\u2019 telah dimanfaatkan oleh pembuat kapal selama beratus tahun. Tamanu tumbuh tinggi dan kuat di kawasan berpasir dan berbatu. Tamanu adalah tumbuhan asli Asia tropis, dan dibawa oleh orang Austronesia saat migrasi ke Oseania dan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":60309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6661,8023],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-60307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bioenergi","tag-bahasa-nyamplung","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKesejahteraan tumbuh di lahan kering Wonogiri - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/60307\/kesejahteraan-tumbuh-di-lahan-kering-wonogiri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kesejahteraan tumbuh di lahan kering Wonogiri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sejak jaman prasejarah, pohon tamanu atau nyamplung [Calophyllum inophyllum] telah banyak membantu manusia. 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