{"id":59725,"date":"2019-02-06T17:09:21","date_gmt":"2019-02-06T10:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=59725"},"modified":"2019-02-06T17:09:21","modified_gmt":"2019-02-06T10:09:21","slug":"inilah-alasan-mengapa-alam-liar-penting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/59725\/inilah-alasan-mengapa-alam-liar-penting","title":{"rendered":"Inilah alasan mengapa \u201calam liar\u201d penting"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Menurut artikel yang ditulis peneliti James Watson dan rekan-rekannya yang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-07183-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">dipublikaskan<\/a> jurnal <em>Nature,<\/em> sebanyak lima negara memiliki 70 persen ekosistem alami di dunia.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam tulisan berjudul \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-018-07183-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Lindungi alam liar terakhir<\/a>,\u201d para penulis menyerukan ditingkatkannya aktivitas konservasi di sejumlah lokasi untuk melindungi bumi dari kehilangan keragaman hayati dan proyeksi konsekuensi buruk akibat perubahan iklim. Mereka mengangkat argumen penting untuk konservasi.<\/p>\n<p>Sebuah peta mengungkap sejumlah kawasan di Australia, Brasil, Kanada, Rusia dan Amerika Serikat. Kawasan ini menyimpan sebagian besar sisa alam liar dunia.<\/p>\n<p>Kawasan-kawasan tersebut, menurut penulis, masih menyimpan beragam spesies pada keberlimpahan yang hampir alami. Kawasan itu merupakan cagar keragaman hayati yang menyediakan resiliensi dan adaptabilitas bagi banyak tumbuhan dan satwa. Selain itu, kawasan ini juga penting bagi simpanan karbon dan penyuplai air bersih bagi sejumlah masyarakat hilir.<\/p>\n<p>Para penulis juga menyatakan, \u201cSejauh ini, kontribusi keutuhan ekosistem ini belum menjadi target eksplisit dalam kerangka kebijakan internasional manapun,\u201d seraya mengutip <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/sp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Konvensi Keragaman Hayati PBB<\/a> (CBD) dan <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Perjanjian Paris<\/a> sebagai contoh.<\/p>\n<p>Seberapa meyakinkan argumen tersebut, akan bergantung pada bagaimana kita mendefinisikan \u201ckeutuhan\u201d dan \u201ckealamian\u201d. Ini jauh dari sederhana.<\/p>\n<p>Para penulis <em>Nature<\/em> membahas pemanfaatan delapan indikator \u201ctekanan manusia\u201d untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan wilayah dengan sedikit aktivitas atau dampak manusia serta \u201carea terdampak lebih dari 10.000 km<sup>2.<\/sup>\u201d Mereka juga menyusun peta \u201cekosistem laut utuh\u201d menggunakan data dari perikanan, industri perkapalan, limbah pupuk dan 16 indikator tambahan.<\/p>\n<p>Sebelumnya, para ilmuwan lain membuat perbandingan tinjauan menggunakan kritera tersendiri. Potapov dan rekan-rekannya (<em><a href=\"http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/3\/1\/e1600821\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Sci. Adv. 2017; 3: e1600821<\/a><\/em>), misalnya menggunakan dua kriteria \u201cperubahan ekosistem dan fragmentasi bentang alam\u201d untuk mengidentifikasi bentang alam hutan utuh dengan area minimum 500 km<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>Kita bergembira melihat berbagai lembaga konservasi menggunakan pendekatan yang transparan dan obyektif dalam memprioritaskan perhatian dan menginformasi pengambil kebijakan. Namun, ada sisi lemah pada setiap lembaga yang mengembangkan dan mengangkat definisi yang berbeda-beda. Kita ingin ada upaya lebih besar dalam membangun konsensus lebih luas (dan lebih koheren) untuk konservasi. Tak selarasnya pendekatan berisiko mengarah pada distraksi dan konflik.<\/p>\n<p>Perhatian pada alam liar dan ekosistem utuh yang tersisa, terserak pada beragam sudut pandang. Sebagian menekankan pada komunitas dan spesies terancam, sementara yang lain lebih menyoroti manfaat ekonomi, keindahan atau lainnya. Pertimbangan atas-ke-bawah ini tidak cukup sebagai basis aksi. Argumen moral dan praktis mendorong agar setiap tujuan harus mencerminkan dan menghormati pandangan dan perhatian masyarakat yang lahan dan airnya menjadi bagian satu definisi atau definisi lain.<\/p>\n<p>Menetapkan, apalagi mengukur, atau menimbang kealamian dan nilainya menjadi tantangan. Tidak ada tempat di dunia ini yang terlepas dari dampak manusia. Bisa dari spesies yang dimasukkan dari tempat lain, plastik, polutan, kepunahan Pleistosen, bencana nuklir, perubahan iklim, atau penyebab eksternal lain. Akibatnya, menentukan kriteria mana yang akan digunakan dalam merencanakan ekosistem alami untuk konservasi, menetapkan garis pemisah\u2014yang lebih cenderung berupa pemetaan bernuansa nilai-nilai penghubung\u2014masih diperdebatkan.<\/p>\n<p>Mendefinisikan \u201cekosistem utuh\u201d bergantung pada tujuan dan pilihan. Sebagian besar orang memiliki ikatan perasaan personal mengenai alam liar. Kita juga menduga sebagian besar ilmuwan akan memilih kriteria, pengukuran dan ambang berbeda dalam mendefinisikan. Setiap metode yang tidak memasukkan kawasan alam penting tidak akan mendapat penerimaan yang luas dan aksi kebijakan yang efektif.<\/p>\n<p>Misalnya, pada Pegunungan Foja di Papua yang memiliki biota endemik (lihat <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/439774a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Nature 439, 774; 2006<\/a><\/em>) atau Cuvette Centrale di Basin Kongo, dua wilayah tropis yang memiliki lahan gambut luas (lihat <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature21048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Nature 542, 86-90; 2017<\/a><\/em>). Kedua wilayah yang membentang ribuan kilometer persegi, kurang tereksporasi dan masih berupa hutan tropis tak tersentuh. Namun kedua kawasan itu tak ada dalam peta Watson. Bahayanya adalah, bahwa sebagian pengambil kebijakan yang melihat peta itu mengartikan banyak banyak alam liar berharga, termasuk Foja dan basin Kongo menjadi tidak penting, dan mengijinkan eksploitasi.<\/p>\n<p>Definisi terlalu sederhana menjadi problematik dalam konteks ini. Apakah beralasan bahwa sebuah kawasan seluas 9.999 km<sup>2<\/sup> tidak dihitung sementara yang 10.001 km<sup>2 <\/sup>termasuk? Prioritas seperti itu melebihkan simplifikasi atas substansi. Pemikiran semua-atau-tidak sama sekali, kita duga menjadi pertimbangan dalam mendorong konservasi dalam habitat antropogenik (lihat <em><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/toc\/17447429\/42\/5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Biotropica 42, 566\u2013568; 2010<\/a><\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Konservasi merupakan tujuan sosial. Definisi yang tak koheren menjadi basus yang buruk dalam membangun konsensus dan mendorong aksi. Jika konsep <em>alami<\/em> dan <em>keutuhan alam<\/em> dimaksudkan menjaga relevansi, kita membutuhkan pendekatan inklusif. Banyak orang mungkin mendukung alam liar yang luas, namun banyak juga yang memberi tekanan demi keuntungan orang kaya.<\/p>\n<p>Sudah ada kesepakatan umum, bahwa target global diperlukan untuk melindungi kawasan alami, menjaga keragaman hayati, mengatasi perubahan iklim dan mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Namun, meski masih ada ruang untuk modifikasi dan penyempurnaan, kerangka yang telah ada memungkinkan kita untuk mengidentifikasi prioritas konservasi global. Menetapkan beragam target paralel malah memperkeruh dan mempersulit upaya ini.<\/p>\n<p>Contohnya, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/sp\/targets\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Aichi Biodiversity Targets<\/a> memberikan kerangka bagi <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/convention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Konvensi Keragaman Hayati<\/a> (CBD). Aichi ditandatangi oleh 150 negara pada 1992, dalam rangka melindungi tumbuhan dan satwa, menjaga keamanan pangan dan mencegah perubahan iklim.<\/p>\n<p>Para konservasionis dapat melangkah lebih ketika mereka bekerja bersama.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menurut artikel yang ditulis peneliti James Watson dan rekan-rekannya yang dipublikaskan jurnal Nature, sebanyak lima negara memiliki 70 persen ekosistem alami di dunia. Dalam tulisan berjudul \u201cLindungi alam liar terakhir,\u201d para penulis menyerukan ditingkatkannya aktivitas konservasi di sejumlah lokasi untuk melindungi bumi dari kehilangan keragaman hayati dan proyeksi konsekuensi buruk akibat perubahan iklim. Mereka mengangkat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":59727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2520],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[240,1561,1299],"class_list":["post-59725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-konservasi","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Inilah alasan mengapa \u201calam liar\u201d penting - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/59725\/inilah-alasan-mengapa-alam-liar-penting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Inilah alasan mengapa \u201calam liar\u201d penting\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Menurut artikel yang ditulis peneliti James Watson dan rekan-rekannya yang dipublikaskan jurnal Nature, sebanyak lima negara memiliki 70 persen ekosistem alami di dunia. Dalam tulisan berjudul \u201cLindungi alam liar terakhir,\u201d para penulis menyerukan ditingkatkannya aktivitas konservasi di sejumlah lokasi untuk melindungi bumi dari kehilangan keragaman hayati dan proyeksi konsekuensi buruk akibat perubahan iklim. 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