{"id":58582,"date":"2018-11-08T17:00:17","date_gmt":"2018-11-08T10:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=58582"},"modified":"2018-11-08T12:48:43","modified_gmt":"2018-11-08T05:48:43","slug":"negara-di-basin-kongo-pelajari-manajemen-lahan-gambut-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/58582\/negara-di-basin-kongo-pelajari-manajemen-lahan-gambut-indonesia","title":{"rendered":"Negara di Basin Kongo pelajari manajemen lahan gambut Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pada bulan juli, ratusan titik api<\/a> terdeteksi di provinsi Kalimantan Barat Indonesia. Asap mengganggu penerbangan<\/a> keluar-masuk ibu kota provinsi tersebut.<\/p>\n

Pasukan pemadam kebakaran hutan lokal bekerja siang dan malam memadamkan api yang membakar lahan gambut kering. Selama musim kering, lahan gambut dikeringkan untuk dijadikan lahan perkebunan.<\/p>\n

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Baru-baru ini, delegasi dari Republik Kongo, termasuk pula menteri pariwisata dan lingkungan hidup, Arlette Soudan-Nonault<\/a>, berkunjung ke kawasan tersebut. Rombongan mengamati sistem pencegahan dan pemadaman kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut.<\/p>\n

Soudan-Nonault mencoba langsung penggunaan alat. Ia membantu memadamkan api dengan alat yang ada, termasuk selang dan pompa punggung pemadam api.<\/p>\n

Perjalanan ini merupakan bagian dari kunjungan tiga hari melihat langsung manajemen lahan gambut lestari sebelum peresmian International Tropical Peatland Center (ITPC)<\/a> di Jakarta pada 30 Oktober.<\/p>\n\n

Pusat penelitian ini dikelola bersama oleh Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Indonesia<\/a>, Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR), Badan Lingkungan Hidup PBB dan Badan Pangan dan Pertanian PBB<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaya menyaksikan langsung beberapa hal yang telah Anda pelajari selama mengatasi tantangan ini,\u201d kata Soudan-Nonault. Ia berencana mengambil pelajaran dari pengalaman Indonesia untuk menjaga agar temuan kawasan lahan gambut di negerinya terkelola secara lestari.<\/p>\n

Di Kalimantan Barat, perlengkapan pemadam dipelihara dan dipersiapkan. Pemadam kebakaran dan relawan dengan peralatan canggih dilatih agar terampil. Selama musim kering, brigade pemadam kebakaran hutan berjaga.<\/p>\n

Unit operasi wilayah Pontianak, berlokasi di pinggiran kota. Tidak hanya memiliki peralatan pemadam kebakaran, tetapi juga dilengkapi fasilitas edukasi lingkungan terintegrasi. Kompleks ini juga digunakan untuk melatih pemadam kebakaran dan gudang.<\/p>\n

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Petak demonstrasi teknik pertanian bebas-api dan asap ditambahkan dalam lingkup pelatihan. Sampah hutan dikumpulkan untuk mengurangi bahaya kebakaran dan diubah menjadi asap cair atau \u201ccuka kayu\u201d. Cuka kayu ini dimanfaatkan sebagai pemusnah hama pertanian, tambahan pakan dan pestisida organik tak beracun.<\/p>\n

Pak Slamet Raharjo adalah seorang petani dari Desa Rasau Jaya, Kalimantan Barat yang telah dilatih di unit operasi pemadam kebakaran wilayah Pontianak.<\/p>\n

\u201cDulu saya membakar sebelum menanam, tetapi setelah pelatihan produksi pupuk kompos, lahan saya lebih subur untuk ditanami,\u201d kata Raharjo, merujuk praktik lama perladangan berpindah.<\/p>\n

Ketika dibakar, lahan menjadi subur hanya sekali, sebelum kemudian terdegradasi. Namun, dengan menggabungkan pupuk dan kompos, tanaman kami lebih baik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

BELAJAR DARI KESALAHAN LALU<\/strong><\/p>\n

Republik Kongo dan Republik Demokratik Kongo (RDK) berbagi kawasan lahan gambut di Basin Kongo. Lahan ini ditemukan pada 2017, dan kedua negara sepakat mengelola bersama kawasan ini.<\/p>\n

Lahan gambut Cuvette Centrale berpotensi menyimpan emisi total bahan bakar fosil dunia selama tiga tahun.<\/p>\n

Simon Lewis, profesor di Universitas Leeds<\/a> Inggris, salah seorang pimpinan tim penelitian Inggris-Kongo yang menemukan lahan gambut luas ini, memperkirakan wilayah ini merupakan kawasan lahan gambut tunggal terluas di wilayah tropis. Ia menyatakan, kondisinya agak berbeda dibanding di Indonesia.<\/p>\n

Lahan gambut Basin Kongo diuntungkan karena terpencil, hingga tetap terjaga. Menurut Lewis, perlu biaya mahal untuk mengeksploitasi sumber alamnya.<\/p>\n

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\u201cLahan ini sangat, sangat jauh dari pasar, meski Anda bisa menghasilkan produk dari lahan itu untuk ekspor, akan sangat mahal mengeluarkan dan membawanya ke pasar,\u201d katanya. \u201cJaraknya ribuan mil dari pantai, sangat sulit untuk mencapainya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Lahan gambut ini, lanjut Lewis, merupakan harta karun keragaman hayati, dan memiliki \u201ckonsentrasi tertinggi gorila dan gajah di dunia. Dalam dunia modern, kita masih melihat jumlah kolosal karbon, senilai dua atau tiga tahun emisi bahan bakar fosil, seluruh emisi pemanfaatan lahan seluruh dunia tersimpan di gambut di sana.\u201d<\/p>\n

Soudan-Nonault menyatakan, dari sudut pandangnya, yang perlu segera dilakukan adalah memetakan kawasan tersebut. \u201cJika sudah ada pemetaan, kita perlu melangkah menuju manajemen lahan gambut lestari. Kita perlu belajar dari pengalaman Indonesia,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

\u201cKita tahu, mengeringkan lahan gambut berarti bencana, kita tahu bahwa konversi pertanian besar-besaran akan mengeringkan lahan gambut. Kita tahu perladangan berpindah tidak baik,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n

Meski lahan gambut Basin Kongo menjadi tajuk utama berita akhir-akhir ini, ekosistemnya bukan hal baru bagi masyarakat sekitar kawasan.<\/p>\n

Carine Nzimba Zere tinggal di lahan gambut di Brazzavile, ibu kota RDK. Ia menyatakan, \u201cmasyarakat adat memiliki ikatan khusus dengan lingkungan. Melindungi lahan gambut juga melindungi hidup kami, karena kami tinggal di hutan dan sangat penting bagi kami untuk menjaganya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Nzimba Zere adalah Presiden Association Debout Femmes Autochtones Du Congo (ADFAC), lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM) yang mempromosikan hak masyarakat adat. Ia berganung dalam delegasi Kongo untuk belajar bagaimana masyarakat di Indonesia melindungi lahan gambut. \u201cBelajar dari pengalaman Anda akan bermanfaat bagi kami,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Peran masyarakat adat dalam melindungi hutan sangat penting, dan sering disebut sebagai garis depan konservasi alam.<\/p>\n

Erik Solheim, kepala Badan Lingkungan PBB, saat hadir di peresmian ITPC di Jakarta menyatakan, \u201cTerdapat dua peluang besar ekonomi di lahan gambut: pariwisata dan praktik pertanian lebih baik, petani mendapatkan lebih dari lahannya dan lebih sedikit alasan untuk membuka hutan perawan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pada bulan juli, ratusan titik api terdeteksi di provinsi Kalimantan Barat Indonesia. Asap mengganggu penerbangan keluar-masuk ibu kota provinsi tersebut. Pasukan pemadam kebakaran hutan lokal bekerja siang dan malam memadamkan api yang membakar lahan gambut kering. Selama musim kering, lahan gambut dikeringkan untuk dijadikan lahan perkebunan. Baru-baru ini, delegasi dari Republik Kongo, termasuk pula menteri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":272,"featured_media":58583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,190],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[8098,7011,8095,2568,8097,7158,8099,8096],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7230],"class_list":["post-58582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-peatlands","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-asap","tag-bahasa-gambut","tag-bahasa-itpc","tag-bahasa-kabut-asap","tag-bahasa-kebakaran","tag-bahasa-kebakaran-hutan-dan-lahan","tag-bahasa-tanah-gambut","tag-bahasa-university-of-leeds","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNegara di Basin Kongo pelajari manajemen lahan gambut Indonesia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/58582\/negara-di-basin-kongo-pelajari-manajemen-lahan-gambut-indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Negara di Basin Kongo pelajari manajemen lahan gambut Indonesia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pada bulan juli, ratusan titik api terdeteksi di provinsi Kalimantan Barat Indonesia. 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Asap mengganggu penerbangan keluar-masuk ibu kota provinsi tersebut. Pasukan pemadam kebakaran hutan lokal bekerja siang dan malam memadamkan api yang membakar lahan gambut kering. Selama musim kering, lahan gambut dikeringkan untuk dijadikan lahan perkebunan. 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