{"id":58168,"date":"2018-10-11T16:18:23","date_gmt":"2018-10-11T09:18:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=58168"},"modified":"2018-10-11T16:18:23","modified_gmt":"2018-10-11T09:18:23","slug":"mengukur-keberhasilan-tata-kelola-hutan-berkelanjutan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/58168\/mengukur-keberhasilan-tata-kelola-hutan-berkelanjutan","title":{"rendered":"Mengukur keberhasilan tata kelola hutan berkelanjutan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apa yang dapat dipelajari dari 19 ulasan berasal dari kumpulan 1.200 artikel riset dan mengambil lokasi kurang lebih 3 miliar hektar tentang keberhasilan intervensi tata kelola hutan guna mendorong keberlanjutan?<\/p>\n

Secara umum disepakati efektifitas tata kelola merupakan kunci membangun dan menjaga kelestarian hutan, namun para pengamat masih belum mengetahui apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. \u201csecara harfiah sejumlah metode tata kelola yang berbeda telah diuji coba untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik,\u201d kata Arun Agrawal, profesor di University of Michigan.<\/p>\n

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\u201cKami belum sepenuhnya memahami intervensi mana yang berjalan baik, bagaimana kinerja mereka dan faktor di balik kesuksesan kinerja,\u201d tambah Agrawal, editor edisi khusus jurnal Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability (COSUST) . Setiap review dari 19 jurnal berfokus pada penilaian tingkat efektivitas strategi tata kelola lingkungan dan tingkat kepercayaan ketersediaan informasi. Jenis-jenis Intervensi antara lain REDD+ (Pengurangan Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan), kawasan lindung, hutan masyarakat, konsesi, perkebunan, hutan di bawah sertifikasi, akuisisi lahan pribadi untuk konservasi, dan intensifikasi berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n\n

FAKTOR-FAKTOR KRITIS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jurnal edisi khusus ini menelaah suatu peluang mengeksplorasi kesamaan-kesamaan di antara berbagai macam intervensi \u2013 yang beberapa diantaranya diharapkan berhasil, kata Agrawal. \u201cSering kali kami menganggap berbagai intervensi berbeda satu sama lain, namun ketika kami melihat ada sesuatu saling berhubungan dengan keberhasilan, kami menemukan ada serangkaian faktor umum.\u201d<\/p>\n

Karenanya dalam pengantar masalah, editor mengidentifikasi empat kriteria penting untuk membangun tata kelola efektif.<\/p>\n

Hubungan kolaboratif antara berbagai aktor dan pengambil keputusan merupakan “inti,” kata Agrawal. Dukungan terhadap kebijakan, pengelolaan adaptif dan kerangka kerja makro-institusional responsif juga penting.<\/p>\n

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“Sangat penting untuk melihat apa yang sedang terjadi ketika hal-hal lain tengah dilaksanakan, dan belajar dari intervensi tersebut saat proses berlangsung – tidak masuk ke dalam rencana cetak biru namun bersedia beradaptasi saat Anda menerapkan intervensi,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

Dengan demikian, sistem pemantauan dan indikator kinerja menjadi sangat penting. Hal ini adalah kunci sinergi antara pembelajaran dari berbagai macam bukti dan dari tumpeng tindih intervensi.<\/p>\n

“Seringkali bukan hanya satu intervensi yang dengan sendirinya mengarah pada hasil positif, namun hal itu akan efektif saat dikombinasikan,” katanya.<\/p>\n

Apa pentingnya hal ini bagi para praktisi? \u201cTidak semua orang harus mengikuti contoh yang sama,\u201d Arawal memperingatkan. \u201cTetapi, mengingat-ingat faktor-faktor tersebut ketika Anda mencoba hal-hal baru juga dapat memberi arahan pada hasil yang lebih baik.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

TIGA KATA UNTUK TATA KELOLA LINGKUNGAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

Para editor juga mengidentifikasi tiga cara mendasar perancangan intervensi tata kelola yang berkaitan dengan sumber daya alam: informasi, insentif, dan institusi. Dalam beberapa intervensi, aktor yang mengelola atau mengandalkan hutan menggunakan informasi untuk mendapatkan hasil, dengan asumsi terhadap tingkat kepedulian lebih besar, maka dapat terjadi perubahan perilaku yang tidak berkelanjutan.<\/p>\n

Misalnya, memberi informasi kepada konsumen tentang panen kayu lestari dan minyak sawit yang dikelola secara bertanggungjawab – serta degradasi dan konflik terkait dengan alternatif tersebut – dimaksudkan untuk mempengaruhi perilaku pembelian dan meningkatkan permintaan produksi komoditas berkelanjutan serta mendorong pergeseran produsen selaras dengan tujuan-tujuan tersebut.<\/p>\n

Cara lain merancang intervensi yaitu mengenali biaya penerapan perilaku berkelanjutan, dengan memberikan insentif ditujukan untuk menyerap biaya tambahan, memungkinkan adanya upaya promosi perilaku. Hal ini adalah filosofi di balik intervensi program REDD+ dan pembayaran lain untuk jasa ekosistem (PES). Atau, intervensi lain yaitu menggunakan perubahan kelembagaan dengan memaksakan biaya dan sanksi bagi perilaku tidak berkelanjutan. Misalnya, lembaga pemerintah dapat memberlakukan denda atau hukuman penjara bagi mereka yang tertangkap menebang pohon di kawasan lindung.<\/p>\n

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Kenyataannya, sebagian besar intervensi tata kelola hutan menggunakan kombinasi ketiga metode tersebut, meskipun dengan penekanan yang berbeda-beda pada masing-masing metode.<\/p>\n

Dalam salah satu ulasan artikel ditulis oleh Amy Duchelle dari CIFOR, ia menjelaskan bahwa saat ini program REDD+ hanya berpusat pada insentif, dalam praktiknya mereka melibatkan “sekelompok intervensi terintegrasi,” yang juga membutuhkan pembagian informasi dan perubahan kelembagaan untuk mempromosikan perilaku-yang membantu memulihkan area terdegradasi dan menjaga hutan tetap berdiri.<\/p>\n

Arawal dan tim peneliti berharap pada awalnya membuat klaim kuantitatif terhadap sejumlah lahan yang berhasil dilindungi melalui setiap jenis intervensi. Tetapi, mengingat bahwa setiap situasi memerlukan gabungan dari berbagai intervensi, melakukan evaluasi dampak pada skala yang lebih luas menjadi sangat menantang. Terlebih lagi, ilmuwan tersebut menemukan bahwa dalam banyak kasus, ada data yang “tambal sulam” dalam membuat klaim, kata Agrawal – ini masalah serius mengingat pekerjaan ini cukup menekan.<\/p>\n

Misalnya, dalam tinjauan REDD+, Duchelle \u201cterkejut akibat kurangnya riset tentang hasil hutan dan penggunaan lahan REDD+, serta penggunaan pendekatan kontrafaktual yang sangat jarang dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi dampak apa pun.\u201d Dia dan rekannya menyimpulkan bahwa \u201cpenelitian baru-baru ini belum mengukur pentingnya REDD+ dalam hal cakupan, penguasaan, dan kerumitan analitis,\u201d dan menekankan bahwa \u201ckarena berbagai negara dengan hutan yang luas mendeklarasikan rencana aksi iklim mereka pasca 2020, ada kebutuhan mendesak untuk bukti yang dapat dipercaya tentang dampak REDD+ hingga saat ini untuk membantu menentukan pilihan mereka. \u201d<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apa yang dapat dipelajari dari 19 ulasan berasal dari kumpulan 1.200 artikel riset dan mengambil lokasi kurang lebih 3 miliar hektar tentang keberhasilan intervensi tata kelola hutan guna mendorong keberlanjutan? Secara umum disepakati efektifitas tata kelola merupakan kunci membangun dan menjaga kelestarian hutan, namun para pengamat masih belum mengetahui apa yang sebenarnya terjadi. \u201csecara harfiah […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":58169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[7992,7993,2616,7988,7989,2819,7014,7990,7991],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-58168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-insentif","tag-bahasa-intervensi","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-pengelolaan","tag-bahasa-pengelolaan-hutan","tag-bahasa-redd","tag-bahasa-sawit","tag-bahasa-sumberdaya-alam","tag-bahasa-university-of-michigan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMengukur keberhasilan tata kelola hutan berkelanjutan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/58168\/mengukur-keberhasilan-tata-kelola-hutan-berkelanjutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mengukur keberhasilan tata kelola hutan berkelanjutan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apa yang dapat dipelajari dari 19 ulasan berasal dari kumpulan 1.200 artikel riset dan mengambil lokasi kurang lebih 3 miliar hektar tentang keberhasilan intervensi tata kelola hutan guna mendorong keberlanjutan? 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