{"id":58038,"date":"2018-10-02T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-10-02T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=58038"},"modified":"2018-10-02T11:21:27","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T04:21:27","slug":"bioenergi-solusi-terbaik-menyelesaikan-tiga-masalah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/58038\/bioenergi-solusi-terbaik-menyelesaikan-tiga-masalah","title":{"rendered":"Bioenergi: Solusi terbaik menyelesaikan tiga masalah?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Teka-teki tentang bagaimana Indonesia menyeimbangkan tanggung jawab lingkungan dengan laju pembangunan \u2013 termasuk energi serta tenaga yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi kecepatan &#8211; tampaknya hanya menimbulkan lebih banyak teka-teki di dalamnya.<\/p>\n<p>Himlal Baral, peneliti senior dari CIFOR (Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional) mencoba mencari tahu tentang teka-teki ini sejak tahun 2015. Mengutamakan \u2018<em>trilemma<\/em> lingkungan \u2013 energi &#8211; pangan&#8217;, ia meneliti salah satu komponen bioenergi: energi yang berasal dari organisme hidup, seperti pohon dan tanaman perdu.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58057 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/42885224382_a1b4c3babe_z.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Masyarakat lokal, termasuk desa Perigi Talang Nangka yang digambarkan di sini, telah beradaptasi dengan lahan basah dengan meningkatkan rumah panggung mereka.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58040 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/41123799740_283cecbc0f_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Seorang peneliti CIFOR menjelaskan ekosistem di sekitarnya saat naik perahu melalui perairannya<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Jika sektor bioenergi menggunakan metode pertanian berkelanjutan, sektor ini dapat bersinergi membantu mencapai target nasional Indonesia lain-lain seperti ketahanan pangan dan pengurangan emisi gas rumah kaca. Alih-alih menggunakan metode penanaman di lahan subur dan melakukan konversi ekosistem, tengah dijajaki metode penanaman di lahan terdegradasi yang juga sekaligus melindungi bentang alam sekitar.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58041 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/42885176532_11c5d472d0_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Tim berjalan melalui perkebunan karet, yang diperkenalkan oleh Belanda pada masa kolonial Indonesia. Karet sekarang berfungsi sebagai sumber ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Mengingat tujuan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan 6% jumlah energi terbarukan dalam pencampuran biodiesel nasional tahun 2005 menjadi 31% tahun 2030 \u2013 hal ini juga membantu program pemerintah mendapatkan tambahan 35.000 MW listrik tahun 2030 \u2013 papar Baral pada presentasi di depan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Indonesia. Dewan tertarik dengan paparan riset dan meminta  peta bentang alam terdegradasi Indonesia untuk menentukan kesesuaian lokasi untuk penanaman tanaman biomasa.<\/p>\n<p>Situasi terakhir ini menimbulkan beberapa pertanyaan utama bagi tim riset guna mempertimbangkan perpanjangan riset hingga akhir 2020 sampai riset berhasil mendapatkan jawaban dan mengumpulkan informasi yang diperlukan oleh pemerintah, antara lain spesies mana yang paling menjanjikan, bagaimana produksi <em>biofuel<\/em> dan makanan dapat dicapai bersama-sama, apa dampak dari produksi bioenergi terhadap jasa ekosistem.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58042 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/28065303027_9750ee8096_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Perairan yang berlimpah dengan ikan air tawar, penduduk setempat telah mendirikan tambak ikan sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan sumber pangan dan pendapatan.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58043 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/29061540748_0f9db22a1d_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Seorang petani lahan basah menikmati waktu istirahat sore di rumahnya. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Langkah riset pertama yaitu mencari tahu spesies yang sesuai untuk berbagai lingkungan, baik untuk penyimpanan karbon, pertumbuhan dan hasil, serta keberlanjutan. Hal ini berarti melakukan pengujian berbagai spesies &#8211; spesies biomassa kayu seperti <em>Gliricidia sepium<\/em> dan <em>Calliandra calothyrsus<\/em>; pohon berbiji penghasil minyak seperti <em>Calophyllum inophyllum<\/em> dan <em>Pongamia pinnata<\/em> \u2013 termasuk dalam berbagai perlakuan. Beberapa diantaranya tumbuh dan berproduksi lebih banyak di daerah yang tergenang air dibandingkan dengan di lahan kering; beberapa berkembang dalam sistem agroforestri atau campuran, sementara yang lain di sistem monokultur. Beberapa menyimpan lebih banyak karbon di atas tanah sementara yang lain di bawah tanah; beberapa memiliki efek positif terhadap sumberdaya air di sekitarnya dan keanekaragaman hayati, sementara yang lain dapat menyebabkan kerusakan.<\/p>\n<p>Setelah spesies tertentu diidentifikasi sebagai spesies kuat dalam lingkungan tertentu, langkah selanjutnya yaitu mengubahnya menjadi energi. Bagi para ilmuwan, ini berarti menghitung emisi gas rumah kaca dari konversi yang telah dilakukan serta semua emisi yang dihasilkan untuk menghasilkan (minyak) bioenergi bagi pasar.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58044 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/29061534808_fdc203acc2_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Arsitektur perumahan yang dibangun untuk melindungi desa dari hewan liar dan banjir.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-58045 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/28065379197_72c02b85b5_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Dua wanita sedang melambaikan tangan dari perairan setempat. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Tantangan lain yaitu ketersediaan pasar. Guna memberikan lebih banyak manfaat bagi masyarakat lokal daripada hasil minyak dijual kepada pihak lain dalam suatu lingkaran rantai nilai, riset ini juga melihat model bisnis bioenergi bagi usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) termasuk potensi pelibatan kemitraan dengan bisnis yang lebih besar dan badan usaha milik negara. Penelaahan detil terhadap isu-isu tata kelola dan penguasaan tanah juga dapat memberikan laik keamanan lahan bagi produsen agar dapat mendorong praktik-praktik penggunaan lahan yang baik.<\/p>\n\n<p>Terdapat sejumlah tantangan yang perlu dihindari dan diatasi, seperti menjaga bioenergi dari persaingan dengan tanaman pangan untuk penggunaan lahan, yang dapat meningkatkan harga pangan dan meningkatkan kerawanan pangan jika tanaman bioenergi menjadi unggulan. Perencanaan produksi yang buruk dapat menyebabkan degradasi hutan lebih lanjut; penggunaan insektisida dan pupuk yang dapat membahayakan lingkungan, mencemari sumber air dan tanpa pengelolaan yang baik, konflik penguasaan lahan dapat meningkat.<\/p>\n<p>Tetapi dengan tanaman yang tepat di lokasi yang tepat, dan model bisnis yang tepat untuk membantu penduduk setempat mendapatkan keuntungan, bioenergi memiliki kekuatan untuk menjaga bentang alam dari degradasi dan memenuhi kebutuhan nasional.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-57976 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/42215815834_977649bb06_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">The research team with Sumatran farmers, together seeking solutions to change degraded landscapes.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Teka-teki tentang bagaimana Indonesia menyeimbangkan tanggung jawab lingkungan dengan laju pembangunan \u2013 termasuk energi serta tenaga yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi kecepatan &#8211; tampaknya hanya menimbulkan lebih banyak teka-teki di dalamnya. Himlal Baral, peneliti senior dari CIFOR (Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional) mencoba mencari tahu tentang teka-teki ini sejak tahun 2015. Mengutamakan \u2018trilemma lingkungan \u2013 energi &#8211; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":259,"featured_media":58048,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6661,7972,7973,2523,6904,6663,7971,7622],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3100],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7023],"class_list":["post-58038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bioenergi","tag-bahasa-calliandra-calothyrsus","tag-bahasa-calophyllum-inophyllum","tag-bahasa-degradasi","tag-bahasa-degradasi-lahan","tag-bahasa-energi-terbarukan","tag-bahasa-himlal-baral","tag-bahasa-sumatera","type-bahasa-fitur"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bioenergi: Solusi terbaik menyelesaikan tiga masalah? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/58038\/bioenergi-solusi-terbaik-menyelesaikan-tiga-masalah\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bioenergi: Solusi terbaik menyelesaikan tiga masalah?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Teka-teki tentang bagaimana Indonesia menyeimbangkan tanggung jawab lingkungan dengan laju pembangunan \u2013 termasuk energi serta tenaga yang diperlukan untuk mengimbangi kecepatan &#8211; tampaknya hanya menimbulkan lebih banyak teka-teki di dalamnya. Himlal Baral, peneliti senior dari CIFOR (Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional) mencoba mencari tahu tentang teka-teki ini sejak tahun 2015. 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