{"id":54990,"date":"2018-03-06T13:00:49","date_gmt":"2018-03-06T06:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=54990"},"modified":"2018-03-13T15:40:42","modified_gmt":"2018-03-13T08:40:42","slug":"bentang-alam-kelapa-sawit-bermain-demi-kelestarian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/54990\/bentang-alam-kelapa-sawit-bermain-demi-kelestarian","title":{"rendered":"Bentang alam kelapa sawit: Bermain demi kelestarian"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Artikel ini merupakan bagian pertama dari empat artikel mengenai penelitian global <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>Bentang Alam Sawit Adaptif<\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sekelompok petani dari pedesaan kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia mengelilingi sebuah permainan papan biasa \u2013 ada koin, kartu, uang mainan; benda khas permainan umumnya. Namun, para petani tidak sekadar bergembira. Tujuan mereka adalah menjawab masalah besar yang mempengaruhi lingkungan hidup dan penghidupan mereka: sawit.<\/p>\n<p>Petani sawit skala kecil diajak melakukan serangkaian permainan peran partisipatoris \u2013 dengan pendekatan <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commod.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Companion Modeling<\/a>, atau <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commod.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">ComMod<\/a>, \u2013 untuk membantu mereka lebih memahami bagaimana keputusan yang dibuat hari ini dapat mempengaruhi masa depan dan berdampak pada lingkungan.<\/p>\n<p>Sempat digunakan untuk simulasi perang militer, pendekatan ini dibangun dan dikembangkan dalam dua dekade terakhir, agar dapat memasukkan kompleksitas isu sumber daya terbarukan dan manajemen lingkungan.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasiona<\/a>l, CIFOR, menjadi bagian konsorsium lembaga internasional yang dipimpin oleh universitas di Swiss, ETH Zurich. Universitas ini menggunakan ComMod untuk membantu memetakan jalan menuju sawit lebih lestari.<\/p>\n<p>Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari proyek enam tahun <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opal-project.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">OPAL, Oil Palm Adaptive Landscapes<\/a>, yang dilangsungkan di Kamerun, Kolumbia dan Indonesia \u2013 tiga dari banyak negara penghasil sawit terbesar dunia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami bekerja dengan mahasiswa Doktoral di tiap negara untuk menyusun permainan ini dari bentuk yang masih berantakan. Kami mulai dengan terjun ke masyarakat dan mengidentifikasi masalah kelapa sawit yang sangat mereka perhatikan,\u201d kata Anne Dray, seorang mitra peneliti ETH.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKamerun terfokus pada isu rantai suplai sawit, Indonesia menelaah perubahan lahan akibat sawit, sementara Kolumbia mendalami keragaman hayati.<\/p>\n<p>Tim mengidentifikasi elemen inti permainan dengan masyarakat lokal. Berdasarkan informasi ini, mereka bekerja mengembangkan permainan dan melakukan \u2018uji coba\u2019 untuk memastikan bahwa permainan ini bekerja.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPermainan ini menunjukkan apa yang sedang terjadi di bentang alam sawit. Para pemain dapat mengeksplorasi berbagai pilihan cara mengolah lahan, dan menduga hasilnya, sekaligus kesalahan yang harus dihindari,\u201d kata peneliti CIFOR, Heru Komarudin.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami juga menggunakan pendekatan ini, tidak hanya pada petani skala kecil, tetapi juga dengan pemangku kepentingan besar dan para pengambil keputusan di tiga negara tersebut,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>MOMEN \u2018AHA\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tiap permainan sedikit berbeda tergantung isu yang ada, meski pada dasarnya dimainkan dalam beberapa putaran dan tiap pemain mengambil peran spesifik: petani, nelayan, tukang penggilingan, penebang pohon, pejabat, pemiilik perkebunan dan seterusnya. Di tiap putaran, pemain menghadapi skenario dan tantangan berbeda, serta harus mengambil keputusan sebelum melangkah maju.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDalam satu skenario, petani menebang pohon dan menanam sawit untuk mendapatkan uang secara cepat. Namun, ketika permainan dilanjutkan, pestisida yang mereka gunakan menimbulkan polusi sungai dan mematikan ikan-ikan yang menjadi sumber makanan mereka. Kemudian mereka terpaksa meminjam uang untuk memberi makan keluarga,\u201d kata Nur Hasanah, mahasiswa Doktoral dari ETH Zurich.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBeberapa pemain tiba-tiba berseru ketika menyadari akibat keputusan mereka,\u201d tambahnya.<\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-54991 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/25832355028_75d7fe898f_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Pemandangan udara dari desa Buluq Sen, Kecamatan Kutai Kertanegara. Kalimantan Timur pada tanggal 18 Desember 2017. Foto CIFOR\/Nanang Sujana <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u2018BERJALAN DENGAN SEPATU MEREKA\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ComMod bersifat fleksibel. Permainan ini tersempurnakan dengan makin sering dimainkan dengan lebih banyak data dan umpan balik dari semakin banyak data terkumpul. Proses ini mendorong dialog, pembelajaran bersama dan pengambilan keputusan kolektif, serta membantu memperkuat manajemen kapasitas masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSebagai bagian dari permainan peran, para pemain dipersilahkan berganti peran, menempatkan mereka dalam sepatu orang lain yang bisa jadi memiliki pandangan antagonistik dalam sistem yang sama. Namun melalui proses ini, mereka memahami mengapa orang lain berlaku seperti itu,\u201d catat Dray.<\/p>\n<p>Menurut Dray, sebagian besar peserta suka pada bagian permainan peran, meski sebenarnya ini merupakan bagian dari keseluruhan proses \u2013 mulai dari identifikasi isu, elemen inti yang akan dimainkan hingga hasil akhirnya \u2013 yang memberi dampak.<\/p>\n<p>Ia mengatakan, permainan ini merupakan cara yang baik untuk membangun saling percaya, yang sekaligus kunci penyelesaian masalah. Masyarakat merasa aman ketika mereka memainkan permainan ini, katanya, dan bahkan isu sensitif dapat diselesaikan melalui permainan, dalam kondisi saling percaya dan terfasilitasi dengan baik.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPara pemain memiliki berbagai skenario berbeda yang bisa dicoba, dan ini tidak bisa dilakukan di lapangan. Ketika mereka mulai bermain, mereka mulai menghubungkan titik-titik terpisah,\u201d kata Dray.<\/p>\n<p>Ia mencontohkan Kamerun. Saat bermain, para petani memutuskan untuk mendirikan koperasi kelapa sawit.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDi paruh perjalanan, mereka menyadari bahwa sebagian orang mungkin tidak ingin bergabung. Jadi mendirikan koperasi tidak semudah yang awalnya mereka bayangkan. Mereka harus menyusun aturan untuk menghadapi masalah itu,\u201d kata Dray.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-54997 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/35492164114_212e4f2530_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Potret pekerja pemanen kelapa sawit. Foto CIFOR\/Lucy McHugh<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>PENGUBAH PERMAINAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Para peneliti menyatakan, permainan ComMod merupakan sebuah perangkat, dan agar terjadi perubahan signifikan, diperlukan keterlibatan orang-orang yang tepat \u2013 orang yang memiliki kekuatan dan ingin membuat keputusan yang tepat untuk lingkungan dan penghidupan masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSebagai peneliti, kita tidak bisa memerintah orang. Tetapi pendekatan ini menjadi jalan bagi masyarakat mengeksplorasi proses pengambilan keputusan. Permainan ini membongkar batasan dan memberi masyarakat kesempatan untuk menyadari konsekuensi tindakan sebelum terjadi,\u201d kata Dray.<\/p>\n<p>Indonesia dan Kamerum menuntaskan putaran pertama permainan. Kolombia bersiap ke lapangan permainan untuk pertama kalinya. Dalam dua tahun ke depan, para peneliti akan menganalisis dan mengevaluasi data dan kembali ke lapangan untuk menelaah isu baru, dan melihat apakah ada lebih banyak \u201cpemenang\u201d permainan di dunia nyata.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artikel ini merupakan bagian pertama dari empat artikel mengenai penelitian global Bentang Alam Sawit Adaptif. Sekelompok petani dari pedesaan kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia mengelilingi sebuah permainan papan biasa \u2013 ada koin, kartu, uang mainan; benda khas permainan umumnya. Namun, para petani tidak sekadar bergembira. Tujuan mereka adalah menjawab masalah besar yang mempengaruhi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":54992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090,1072,184],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[7563,7559,7560,2522,7564,2696,2767,2489,2616,2670,7562,7262,7561,2530,2659,2676,7566,7014],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3100],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6193],"class_list":["post-54990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","category-landscapes","category-value-chains-finance","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-biodiversitas","tag-bahasa-cameroon","tag-bahasa-colombia","tag-bahasa-deforestasi","tag-bahasa-eth-zurich","tag-bahasa-kalimantan","tag-bahasa-kalimantan-timur","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-kelapa-sawit","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-opal","tag-bahasa-partisipasi","tag-bahasa-pemodelan","tag-bahasa-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-bahasa-petani-kecil","tag-bahasa-rantai-nilai","tag-bahasa-rantai-pasok","tag-bahasa-sawit","type-bahasa-fitur"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bentang alam kelapa sawit: Bermain demi kelestarian - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/54990\/bentang-alam-kelapa-sawit-bermain-demi-kelestarian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bentang alam kelapa sawit: Bermain demi kelestarian\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Artikel ini merupakan bagian pertama dari empat artikel mengenai penelitian global Bentang Alam Sawit Adaptif. Sekelompok petani dari pedesaan kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia mengelilingi sebuah permainan papan biasa \u2013 ada koin, kartu, uang mainan; benda khas permainan umumnya. Namun, para petani tidak sekadar bergembira. 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