{"id":54611,"date":"2018-02-13T13:10:55","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T06:10:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=54611"},"modified":"2018-02-13T13:05:06","modified_gmt":"2018-02-13T06:05:06","slug":"jasa-hutan-untuk-kesejahteraan-manusia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/54611\/jasa-hutan-untuk-kesejahteraan-manusia","title":{"rendered":"Jasa hutan untuk kesejahteraan manusia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ekosistem pegunungan memberi banyak manfaat, tidak hanya bagi penduduk lokal, tetapi juga masyarakat yang tinggal di hilir: mulai dari menahan banjir hingga menstabilkan lereng dan menyangga kekayaan keragaman hayati. Memahami kontribusi ini menjadi kunci untuk mengelola jasa hutan gunung secara lestari \u2013 meski analisis skala besar masih jarang, khususnya di wilayah miskin-data.<\/p>\n

Merespon hal ini, ilmuwan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a>(CIFOR) dan institusi mitra mengumpulkan perangkat dan pendekatan paling relevan untuk menganalisis nilai sosiokultur, ekonomi dan ekologi ekosistem hutan dalam sebuah kertas kerja<\/a>, dengan fokus di Asia selatan.<\/p>\n

\u201cKertas kerja ini ingin membantu para peneliti dan pengelola lahan untuk memahami berbagai metode analisis, agar mampu menerapkannya di negara dan bentang alam mereka sendiri,\u201d kata Himlal Baral penulis utama dan ilmuwan senior CIFOR.<\/p>\n

Memahami manfaat langsung dan tak langsung ekosistem hutan untuk kesejahteraan manusia menjadi penting secara global, dan khususnya di area pegunungan, sebagaimana dipaparkan dalam kertas kerja ini melalui studi kasus di Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Iran dan Nepal.<\/p>\n

Lereng curam dan ketinggian menciptakan hambatan geografis akses bentang alam hutan gunung. \u201cMasyarakat lokal terisolasi dari wilayah urban, jadi sangat bergantung pada jasa ekosistem hutan untuk kebutuhan dasar seperti pangan,\u201d papar Baral. Dalam banyak kasus, lanjutnya, masyarakat gunung juga lebih rentan terhadap perubahan iklim dan kemiskinan.<\/p>\n

Pada saat yang sama, hambatan geografis alami seringkali melahirkan masyarakat dengan sistem budaya dan sosial berbeda, dan \u201cmakin primer hutannya, makin tinggi stok karbon dan kekayaan keragaman hayatinya dibanding area dataran rendah,\u201d tulis kertas kerja ini.<\/p>\n\n

BERAGAM PERANGKAT <\/strong><\/p>\n

Menilai perspektif pemangku kepentingan, menganalisis pasar dan melakukan pemodelan skenario merupakan tiga jalan menganalisis jasa ekosistem. \u201cSebagian pendekatan ini sederhana, ramah pengguna dan sudah tersedia,\u201d ujar Baral. \u201cBahkan orang dengan sedikit pengalaman dan keahlian teknis, dapat menggunakannya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beragam perangkat itu dibagi dalam tiga kategori untuk membedakan kebutuhan data, kapasitas teknis, waktu dan biaya. \u201cMasing-masing memiliki kekuatan dalam kemampuan analisis nilai tertentu,\u201d tulis kertas kerja ini.<\/p>\n

Perangkat ini dapat diterapkan secara berbarengan dalam menganalisis beragam nilai jasa ekosistem hutan, dan mengungkap timbal-balik dan sinerginya. Misalnya, \u201cupaya restorasi untuk meningkatkan satu jasa bisa mengganggu \u2013 atau meningkatkan \u2013 jasa lainnya.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Studi kasus di perhutanan masyarakat Nepal, misalnya, memaparkan kombinasi citra satelit gratis, foto berulang, dan pendekatan partisipatori dalam pelibatan masyarakat lokal dan para ahli.<\/p>\n

Kertas kerja ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan tiga-pola ini \u201cdapat digunakan untuk secara cepat memetakan dan memprioritaskan nilai jasa lingkungan,\u201d dan menunjukkan dampak positif upaya restorasi dalam dua dekade terakhir.<\/p>\n

Di Bhutan, perangkat yang dikenal sebagai transfer-manfaat menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai total jasa ekosistem hutan lebih dari 14,5 milar dolar AS per tahun. Sementara di India, analisis pemangku kepentingan dan keluarga menungkap bahwa penghidupan lokal dekat lahan basah Maguri Mottapung memberi 29 jasa ekosistem \u2013 sesuatu yang \u201cmengharuskan kebutuhan mendesak perencanaan tata kelola partisipatoris yang melibatkan masyarakat lokal.\u201d<\/p>\n

PEMBELAJARAN BERSAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bagi Laxmi Dutt Bhatta, spesialis manajemen ekosistem senior ICIMOD dan anggota penulis kertas kerja, analisis jasa ekosistem merupakan kunci untuk \u201cmenunjukkan nilai keseluruhan hutan bagi negara dan masyarakat; melanjutkan evolusi dan menginformasi pengambilan keputusan.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Penulis anggota Sonam Phuntsho, pejabat senior Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research<\/a> (UWICER), sepakat: \u201cHutan merupakan aset alami sangat penting di Bhutan. Mayoritas poulasi secara langsung tergantung pada berbagai jasa ini. Namun, sejauh ini hanya sedikit informasi mengenai nilai itu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dari sudut pandang Phuntsho, tinjauan penelitian dan metodologi yang ada di wilayah itu \u201csangat bermanfaat\u201d bagi negara, sejalan meningkatnya proses pembayaran jasa lingkungan.<\/p>\n

Di Indonesia, metodologi Q membantu meletakkan dasar bagi pembayaran jasa lingkungan dengan mengidentifikasi tingkat harapan dan kekhawatiran para pemangku kepentingan atas manfaat. Sementara penelitian di Nepal \u201csangat bisa direplikasi di Bhutan, dengan makin meningkatnya perhutanan masyarakat,\u201d kata Phuntso.<\/p>\n

LANGKAH BERIKUT <\/strong><\/p>\n

Menilai jasa ekosistem hutan memberi peluang, sekaligus tantangan yang harus direfleksikan dalam desain analisis.<\/p>\n

Hal ini meliputi kompleksitas dalam menentukan dan mengklasifikasikan jasa ekosistem, hubungan antar-jasa mencakup timbal-balik dan sinergi, serta batasan analisis dalam menciptakan pembayaran jasa yang berhasil.<\/p>\n

Bhatta menyoroti dua isu tambahan yang akan perlu dijawab dalam memahami evolusi jasa tersebut dalam 50 tahun ke depan: ketidakpastian terkait perubahan iklim dan kelangkaan data mengenai jasa ekosistem hutan, khusunya di wilayah miskin data seperti pegunungan Asia Selatan dan Hindu Kush Himalaya.<\/p>\n

Di samping tantangan tersebut, penulis utama Himlal Barar sangat berharap pada manajemen ekosistem berbasis jasa. \u201cDi masa lalu, bagi banyak orang hutan hanya berarti kayu, namun kesadaran meningkat,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n

\u201cKini, makin banyak orang mengkaitkan hutan dengan mitigasi perubahan iklim, air, keragaman hayati, perlindungan longsor. Kita bergerak ke arah yang benar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ekosistem pegunungan memberi banyak manfaat, tidak hanya bagi penduduk lokal, tetapi juga masyarakat yang tinggal di hilir: mulai dari menahan banjir hingga menstabilkan lereng dan menyangga kekayaan keragaman hayati. Memahami kontribusi ini menjadi kunci untuk mengelola jasa hutan gunung secara lestari \u2013 meski analisis skala besar masih jarang, khususnya di wilayah miskin-data. Merespon hal ini, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":265,"featured_media":53969,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[137],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[7471,7447,2720,2721,2542,7179,2733,7262,3680],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7135],"class_list":["post-54611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forest-management-restoration","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-bhutan","tag-bahasa-hutan-kemasyarakatan","tag-bahasa-india","tag-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-jasa-lingkungan","tag-bahasa-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-nepal","tag-bahasa-partisipasi","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJasa hutan untuk kesejahteraan manusia - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/54611\/jasa-hutan-untuk-kesejahteraan-manusia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jasa hutan untuk kesejahteraan manusia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ekosistem pegunungan memberi banyak manfaat, tidak hanya bagi penduduk lokal, tetapi juga masyarakat yang tinggal di hilir: mulai dari menahan banjir hingga menstabilkan lereng dan menyangga kekayaan keragaman hayati. 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