{"id":52315,"date":"2017-11-02T10:00:22","date_gmt":"2017-11-02T03:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=52315"},"modified":"2018-05-03T13:46:46","modified_gmt":"2018-05-03T06:46:46","slug":"lampung-provinsi-percontohan-perhutanan-sosial-di-indonesia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/52315\/lampung-provinsi-percontohan-perhutanan-sosial-di-indonesia","title":{"rendered":"Lampung, provinsi percontohan perhutanan sosial di Indonesia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Memberikan hak pada masyarakat untuk mengelola hutan negara melalui program perhutanan sosial di Lampung, Indonesia, menurut sebuah <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/infobrief\/6418-infobrief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">penelitian terbaru<\/a> dapat memberi hasil positif bagi keamanan tenurial dan keberlanjutan, sekaligus mengurangi konflik lahan.<\/p>\n<p>Lembaga terdepan dalam mengelola perhutanan sosial di provinsi tersebut, menurut penelitian, adalah Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (FMU) tingkat masyarakat, yang didukung kecukupan anggaran, upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dan koordinasi.<\/p>\n<p>Lampung merupakan perintis perhutanan sosial di Indonesia, setelah menerapkan berbagai versi skema ini selama hampir dua dekade. Skema pemerintah ini memberi masyarakat lokal hak untuk mengelola dan memanfaatkan sumber daya hutan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLampung merupakan provinsi di mana implementasi program perhutanan sosial sudah sangat maju dalam pencapaian target,\u201d kata Tuti Herawati, penulis utama penelitian dan peneliti <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a>(CIFOR).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cReformasi manajemen hutan belum diterapkan merata di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Pada praktiknya, implementasi reformasi tenurial menghadapi pertanyaan kunci antara lain, \u2018Faktor apa yang mempengaruhi keamanan manajemen hutan?\u2019 dan \u2018Bagaimana menjamin hak manajemen?\u2019,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Dalam menemukan jawaban pertanyaan dari Lampung tersebut, CIFOR melakukan konsultasi multi-pemangku kepentingan menggunakan pendekatan analisis prospektif partisipatoris (PPA). Hasil penelitian menjawab bagaimana implementasi reformasi tenurial di negara berkembang dapat secara efektif meningkatkan kepastian masyarakat dalam mengakses sumber daya hutan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Penelitian di Lampung, merupakan bagian dari <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs-tenure\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><span style=\"color: #24a2b8; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;\">Studi Komparatif Global mengenai Reformasi Tenurial Hutan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #333333;\"> (GCS-Tenure) yang dipimpin CIFOR di Indonesia, Peru dan Uganda. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi bagaimana reformasi tenurial hutan diimplementasikan dan apa hasilnya bagi keamanan tenurial. Di Indonesia penelitian berlangsung di Lampung, Kalimantan dan Maluku. \u201cKami telah mengumpulkan data pada tingkat masyarakat dan beberapa aktor lain di Indonesia sejak 2014 hingga 2017,\u201d kata Herawati.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"id\"><span class=\"\">Topik ini didiskusikan pada <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cifor.org\/event\/indonesia-tenure-conference-2017\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Konferensi Tenurial 2017<\/a> dari tanggal 25-27 Oktober di Jakarta, Indonesia.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52335 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/35630429960_c9d81c2be0_k.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Penyadapan resin dari pohon. Produk hutan ini mendukung mata pencaharian lokal.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">LAMPUNG, LABORATORIUM PERHUTANAN SOSIAL<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Pada dua dekade terakhir, sejumlah negara di Afrika, Asia dan Amerika Latin memberi pengakuan lebih atas hak masyarakat lokal, komunitas adat dan perempuan dalam mengelola lahan dan hutan. Skema seperti perhutanan sosial dimaksudkan meningkatkan hak-hak tersebut, sekaligus memberi peluang peningkatan kesejahteraan dan kelestarian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Saat ini, Indonesia memiliki lima skema perhutanan sosial, antara lain hutan kemasyarakatan (HKm), hutan tanaman rakyat (HTR), hutan desa (HD), skema kemitraan, dan hutan adat. Lampung mencoba seluruh skema tersebut, kecuali hutan adat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Berbekal 20 tahun pengalaman dalam perhutanan sosial, Lampung menjadi tempat ideal untuk penelitian berbagai skema tersebut, dan mengungkap data mengenai dampaknya pada masyarakat. Banyak aktor eksternal, donor dan lembaga penelitian telah bekerja mendukung perhutanan sosial di Lampung sejak awal, dan menyediakan banyak informasi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u201cDi satu kasus, sebuah kelompok mulai bekerja mendapatkan lisensi HKm pada 1998, dan berhasil mendapatkannya sekitar lima tahun kemudian, melalui proses yang sudah ada pada saat itu, meski perijinan berubah sesuai dengan dinamika perubahan kebijakan pemerintah. Pengalaman kelompok itu dapat menjadi contoh kasus pengembangan program perhutanan sosial,\u201d kata Herawati.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Lampung juga berperan besar dalam sejarah gerakan perhutanan sosial di Indonesia. Pada 1998, untuk pertama kalinya, Menteri Kehutanan mengeluarkan keputusan memberi masyarakat hak mengelola 29.000 hektare hutan di provinsi tersebut.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u201cKeputusan ini merupakan lompatan historis besar. Karena sebelumnya, hak konsesi mengelola hutan selalu diberikan pada perusahaan swasta melalui hak konsesi atau perkebunan kayu. Namun, dalam kasus ini, Menteri Kehutanan memberi hak pada masyarakat sekitar hutan,\u201d kata Herawati.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>PERHUTANAN SOSIAL SEBAGAI SOLUSI KONFLIK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lampung berdekatan dengan pulau Jawa, di mana eksploitasi mulai terjadi di akhir 1960-an. Menyusul kemudian program transmigrasi pemerintah, bersama dengan masuknya migran ekonomi alami, hingga mengubah karakter provinsi tersebut. Saat ini, populasi Lampung didominasi komunitas migran dari Jawa.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMasyarakat migran sangat menekan hutan, karena mereka perlu lahan untuk mengembangkan aktivitas pertanian dan permukiman. Jadi bukan kejutan jika lahan hutan negara dirambah dan dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian oleh tiap keluarga,\u201d kata Herawati. \u201cKondisi ini memicu konflik antara masyarakat yang tinggal dekat hutan dengan negara. Perlu ada resolusi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Pada tingkat masyarakat, skema perhutanan sosial berdampak pada keamanan tenurial masyarakat yang tinggal dekat hutan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPartisipan penelitian melaporkan perubahan signifikan atas status dalam skema ini, dari asalnya dipandang perambah ilegal menjadi peserta legal perhutanan sosial, dan tidak lagi takut diusir keluar dari wilayah yang mereka kelola,\u201d kata Herawati.<\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u201cPenelitian menunjukkan dampak positif perhutanan sosial terhadap kondisi sumber daya hutan di Lampung, seperti peningkatan tutupan kanopi hutan, serta berhasilnya rehabilitasi dan penanaman kembali di lahan terdegradasi. Hal ini, sebagian terjadi karena kewajiban anggota perhutanan sosial untuk menanam minimal 400 pohon per hektare di lahan hutan masyarakat. <\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"background: white; margin: 11.25pt 0cm 15.0pt 0cm;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"color: #333333;\">Dampak positif juga tampak dalam persepsi masyarakat lokal terhadap peningkatan keamanan pangan keluarga, dan meningkatnya penghasilan setelah bergabung dengan skema perhutanan sosial.<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"aspect-ratio:16\/9;min-height:unset;\" class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull has-parallax has-custom-content-position is-position-bottom-center has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-52327 size-full has-parallax\" style=\"background-position:50% 50%;\n\t\t\t\tbackground-image:url(https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/35209288373_6af0e2f9a4_k-1.jpg)\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-c7274f9a76ff948295c72066c2502b23\">Shorea javanica, pohon penghasil resin di Lampung, Indonesia.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>MENEMUKAN SOLUSI BERSAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cDalam lokakarya PPA, kami melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan implementasi program perhutanan sosial, dari kantor kehutanan daerah, agraria dan perencanaan tata ruang, unit implementasi kehutanan lapangan, serta masyarakat dan kelompok petani pemegang ijin perhutanan sosial,\u201d kata Herawati.<\/p>\n<p>Lokakarya PPA mengidentifikasi enam kekuatan kunci pendorong yang akan mempengaruhi implementasi perhutanan sosial dalam 10 tahun mendatang di Lampung, yaitu dinamika regulasi terkait perhutanan sosial, hak tenurial, penghidupan, dukungan anggaran pemerintah, kapasitas sumber daya manusia dan kesadaran masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHasil aktivitas PPA, terjadi komunikasi yang baik antara tim proyek dan seluruh partisipan PPA. Kami juga terus berbagi informasi antar anggota tim PPA melalui obrolan di telepon seluler, hingga kami dapat saling mengabari pembaruan aktivitas kami setiap saat,\u201d kata Herawati.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSetelah skenario ideal dipilih, kami mengembangkan rencana aksi untuk mewujudkanya. Pada tingkat pemerintah lokal, sudah ada rencana aksi untuk mempercepat strategi program perhutanan sosial di Lampung hingga 2025,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<p><em>Para peneliti mengucapkan terima kasih atas kontribusi kelompok ahli PPA di Lampung, yang merepresentasikan pemangku kepentingan berbeda, termasuk di dalamnya pejabat pemerintah dan tokoh non-pemerintah.<\/em><\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Memberikan hak pada masyarakat untuk mengelola hutan negara melalui program perhutanan sosial di Lampung, Indonesia, menurut sebuah penelitian terbaru dapat memberi hasil positif bagi keamanan tenurial dan keberlanjutan, sekaligus mengurangi konflik lahan. 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