{"id":522,"date":"2001-01-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2001-01-10T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/?p=522"},"modified":"2015-10-07T16:29:07","modified_gmt":"2015-10-07T09:29:07","slug":"coba-terka-sistem-kerja-taman-nasional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/522\/coba-terka-sistem-kerja-taman-nasional","title":{"rendered":"Coba terka? Sistem kerja Taman Nasional"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Baiklah. Saya akan terima. Sejak dahulu saya meragukan tentang kawasan perlindungan yang ada di negara-negara berkembang. Saya kira kebanyakan hanya sebuah &#8220;Taman Nasional diatas kertas&#8221;. Setelah itu saya membaca \u2019Effectiveness of Parks in Protecting Tropical Biodiversity\u2019 yang ditulis oleh Aaron Bruner, Dick Rice, dan Gustavo Fonseca dari Conservation International dan Ted Gullison dari the University of British Columbia. Selanjutnya saya membacanya di majalah Science yang diterbitkan minggu lalu. Sekarang, saya tidak tahu apa yang saya pikirkan. Sangat sulit untuk mengajar anjing tua tentang muslihat\/strategi yang baru, namun saya sadar bahwa hasilnya cukup menyolok\/menakjubkan.<\/p>\n<p>Penulis mengambil 93 buah taman nasional sebagai sampel yang mewakili 22 negara. Masing-masing luasnya lebih besar dari 5,000 hektar, berumur lebih dari 5 tahun, dan terancam keberadaannya oleh tekanan manusia. Tujuh puluh persen dari luasan tersebut berpenghuni dan lebih dari setengahnya dihuni oleh penduduk yang menggugat kepemilikan pemerintah atas sebagian lahan taman nasional. Terlebih lagi, dua pertiganya dilalui oleh sedikitnya satu ruas jalan besar atau sungai. Meskipun demikian, lebih dari 80% dari taman nasional mempunyai tutupan vegetasi alami yang jumlahnya sama dengan pada saat didirikan. Persentase yang sebenarnya malah lebih besar! Taman nasional mengalami sedikit sekali deforestasi dibandingkan dengan areal di sekelilingnya, demikian pula tekanan pembalakan dan perburuan yang juga lebih kecil. Meskipun pada kasus yang terjadi sesudahnya terjadi perbedaan yang tidak pernah dicatat sebelumnya.<\/p>\n<p>Yang jelas, ini pengaturan yang membuahkan hasil. Pada umumnya, taman nasional yang paling efektif memiliki penjaga terbanyak per satuan area. Di taman nasional dengan masyarakat pembuka hutan atau pembalak yang mudah tertangkap dan dikenakan sangsi akan menghadapi lebih sedikit masalah. (namun tidak demikian dengan perburuan). Hal lain yang menunjukkan keefektifan taman nasional adalah ciri adanya batas wilayah yang jelas dan adanya pembayaran langsung kepada masyarakat. Sebaliknya, penulis menemukan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara keefektifan taman nasional dengan jumlah tenaga yang terlibat dalam upaya pengembangan dan pendidikan lingkungan, atau tingkat partisipasi masyrakat dalam pengelolaan taman nasional. Berapa banyak jumlah penjaga taman nasional tampaknya lebih penting ketimbang berapa banyak pelatihan atau perlengkapan yang mereka punya ataupun gaji yang mereka terima.<\/p>\n<p>Keefektifan taman nasional yang dikaji sangat impresif dan menunjukkan betapa kecilnya kebanyakan dana yang digunakan dalam pengelolaan &#8211; biaya tahunan median per hektar hanya $ 1.18 US dollar. Penulis mengartikan bahwa jika dana dinaikkan sedikit saja maka sekaligus dapat meningkatkan keefektifan. Silahkan Anda membuat kesimpulan sendiri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anda dapat memperoleh salinan ringkasannya yang lebih lengkap dan informasi lain menyangkut hasil analisa sampel dengan menghubungi Christine Ogura di mailto:c.ogura@conservation.org<\/p>\n<p>Untuk menghubungi penulis, Aaron Bruner di mailto:a.bruner@conservation.org<\/p>\n<p>Jika ingin download artikel lengkapnya secara cuma-cuma silahkan buka: http:\/\/www.sciencemag.org (Terbitan 5 January ).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":35311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[],"tag-bahasa":[2637,2670,2520],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[4903],"class_list":["post-522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","tag-bahasa-kawasan-lindung","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-konservasi","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Coba terka? 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