{"id":51401,"date":"2017-09-10T11:00:42","date_gmt":"2017-09-10T04:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=51401"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:47:30","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:47:30","slug":"hutan-peternakan-dan-pangan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/51401\/hutan-peternakan-dan-pangan","title":{"rendered":"Hutan, peternakan dan pangan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Amina*, ibu muda beranak empat, tinggal di desa terpencil di Oromia, Ethiopia bagian Selatan.<\/p>\n

Pada ketinggian 2.000 meter di atas permukaan laut, iklim sedang, tanahnya subur, dan tidak seperti banyak daerah di negara itu, cukup ruang bagi masyarakat membudidayakan tanaman untuk keluarga dan sebagai penghasilan.<\/p>\n

\u201cDari sudut pandang pertanian, kita bisa katakan wilayah ini diberkahi,\u201d kata agronomis, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Baudron, salah seorang ilmuwan terkemuka yang terlibat dalam penelitian terbaru<\/a> mengenai hutan dan keragaman diet yang dilakukan Pusat Penelitian Peningkatan Jagung dan Gandum Internasional <\/a>(CIMMYT) dan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a>(CIFOR).<\/p>\n

Namun, setiap kali Amina menyapih anak, sekitar usia dua tahun, rambut anak berubah kuning dan rontok \u2013 tanda-tanda malnutrisi akut. \u201cAgak mengejutkan melihatnya,\u201d kata Baudron. \u201cRasanya seperti, wow, di tempat ini seharusnya tidak ada masalah seperti ini.\u201d<\/p>\n

Apa yang terjadi? Keamanan pangan di sana tinggi. Sebagian besar orang mendapatkan seluruh kalori yang diperlukan dari gandum dan jagung yang tumbuh dengan mudah dan berlimpah di wilayah ini. Namun, malah banyak yang menderita \u201ckelaparan tersembunyi\u201d, defisiensi vitamin dan mineral yang diperkirakan mempengaruhi sekitar dua miliar orang di dunia.<\/p>\n\n

Penelitian mengkaitkan keragaman diet \u2013 mengkonsumsi serangkaian makanan dan kelompok makanan \u2013 untuk mendapatkan vitamin dan mineral yang diperlukan. Dan studi kasus terbaru menghubungkan kedekatan masyarakat pada hutan dengan tingginya keragaman diet, terutama melalui pengumpulan makanan dari hutan, dan menjual produk hutan untuk membeli pangan lainnya.<\/p>\n

Penelitian terbaru CIMMYT dan CIFOR memetakan jalan lain yang tidak secara langsung, bahwa hutan membantu manusia mengkonsumsi diet lebih bervariasi \u2013 melalui alur nutrisi \u201cdari hutan, masuk ke tanah, diserap tanaman, dan kemudian dikonsumsi manusia,\u201d papar Baudron.<\/p>\n

JEJARING GIZI <\/strong><\/p>\n

Para peneliti membandingkan keragamanan diet di tiga klasifikasi zona, dekat, sedang dan jauh dari hutan negara Munesa, Ethiopia. Menurut Baudron, hutan mereprentasikan surga keragaman hayati yang langka di negara padat populasi itu, dengan air terjun yang indah, pohon-pohon besar menjulang, monyet Colobus dan burung endemik.<\/p>\n

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Penduduk tidak mengambil makanan di hutan ini, dan dilarang menjual produk hutan sebagai pencaharian. Namun, penelitian menunjukkan dengan jelas bahwa keragaman diet yang paling tinggi di zona terdekat hutan \u2013 meski terjauh dari pasar, yang menurut pandangan konvensional, seharusnya menjadi akses produk pangan yang lebih variatif.<\/p>\n

Bagaimana ini bisa terjadi? Baudron mengatakan bahwa hutan \u201cbertindak sebagai tempat akumulasi nutrisi, dan kemudian ternak menjadi vektor nutrisi dari hutan ke lahan pertanian melalui pupuk,\u201d meningkatkan kesuburan lahan dan memungkinkan produksi beragam tanaman, termasuk yang padat nutrisi.<\/p>\n

Sebagaimana dijelaskan, hutan memberi suplai pakan untuk ternak, memungkinkan masyarakat hidup dengan ternak lebih banyak dan memproduksi lebih banyak pupuk; ketersediaan kayu bakar juga berarti mereka tidak perlu membakar limbah ternak sebagai bahan bakar.<\/p>\n

Jadi, masyarakat yang tinggal lebih dekat dengan hutan lebih memiliki persediaan pupuk kaya nutrisi untuk pertanian, dan cenderung menggunakannya di kebun rumah, tempat mereka menanam beragam tanaman, hingga menciptakan \u201ctitik panas keragaman diet nyata,\u201d kata Baudron. Mereka juga memiliki akses pada produk hewan yang lebih variatif, seperti susu, telur dan daging dari lebih banyak hewan yang mampu mereka pelihara.<\/p>\n\n

TIMBAL BALIK ATAU SINERGI? AGRIKULTUR DAN KERAGAMAN HAYATI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dalam gambaran lebih besar, penelitian ini menegaskan \u201cketerbatasan pendekatan konvensional intensifikasi pertanian, dan menyeru untuk diversifikasi,\u201d kata Baudron. Sebagai seorang agronomis, ia menegaskan, \u201cSaya dilatih berpikir bahwa meningkatkan produksi pangan akan selalu mengarah pada menurunnya keragaman hayati, dan bahwa keragaman hayati tidak berkontribusi pada pertanian… tetapi nyatanya.\u201d<\/p>\n

Selama 16 tahun mengeksplorasi interaksi antara keragaman hayati, hutan dan agrikultur, Baudron seringkali terbentur fakta bahwa \u201cbentang alam yang telah berubah demi produksi pangan tidak selalu paling produktif.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan penelitian hutan di Munesa memberi jawaban itu: petani yang tinggal terjauh dari hutan menggunakan teknik pertanian lebih intensif. Sementara, katanya, bentang alam yang lebih dekat dengan hutan memproduksi jagung dan gandum yang setara, dan beragamnya pilihan pangan, produksi kayu lebih banyak dan lebih banyak pangan bagi manusia yang tinggal di sana.<\/p>\n

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<\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n

Contoh ini juga mengungkap kegagalan pasar dalam menghadirkan keragaman diet di banyak daerah di negara berkembang. \u201cDi lokasi terpencil seperti ini, pasar tidak berjalan baik, dan keragaman produksi sangat penting,\u201d kata Baudron.<\/p>\n

\u201cJadi saya pikir ini bukti kuat melawan beberapa pernyataan beberapa tahun lalu bahwa pasar menjadi solusi kurang gizi-dan-malnutrisi \u2013 Saya pikir di banyak tempat hal ini naif.<\/p>\n

Sebaliknya, ia menyatakan, kita perlu mulai pencari pendekatan alternatif atas intensifikasi; alternatif dari model konvensional yang terfokus menanam tanaman pokok, masukan eksternal, dan simplifikasi ekstrem bentang alam.<\/p>\n

\u201cSaya pikir, jagung, gandum dan beras akan tetap sangat penting sebagai asupan kalori, namun kita juga perlu memikirkan keragaman diet dan kebutuhan lain. Pendekatan yang melihat bentang alam secara keseluruhan sangat logis \u2013 untuk diet, untuk pemasukan, untuk keragaman hayati, dan untuk pertanian itu sendiri.<\/p>\n

Menjaga dan merestorasi tutupan hutan, katanya, adalah bagian penting. \u201cKita dilatih untuk menimbang timbal balik, bukannya sinergi. Dan ternyata ada sinergi yang sangat nyata antara keragaman hayati dan pertanian, yang saya pikir cenderung kita lupakan.\u201d<\/p>\n

Dan cerita seperti Amina lah yang memotivasi Bourdan, dan kita semua, dan agar selalu diingat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Amina*, ibu muda beranak empat, tinggal di desa terpencil di Oromia, Ethiopia bagian Selatan. Pada ketinggian 2.000 meter di atas permukaan laut, iklim sedang, tanahnya subur, dan tidak seperti banyak daerah di negara itu, cukup ruang bagi masyarakat membudidayakan tanaman untuk keluarga dan sebagai penghasilan. \u201cDari sudut pandang pertanian, kita bisa katakan wilayah ini diberkahi,\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":264,"featured_media":51402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,188,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12245],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2489,2633,7168,2550,2615,2586,7167],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7144],"class_list":["post-51401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-africa","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-kemiskinan","tag-bahasa-keragaman-diet","tag-bahasa-ketahanan-pangan","tag-bahasa-nutrisi","tag-bahasa-pendekatan-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-petani","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHutan, peternakan dan pangan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/51401\/hutan-peternakan-dan-pangan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hutan, peternakan dan pangan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amina*, ibu muda beranak empat, tinggal di desa terpencil di Oromia, Ethiopia bagian Selatan. 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