{"id":51012,"date":"2017-08-18T12:02:43","date_gmt":"2017-08-18T05:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=51012"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:45:36","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:45:36","slug":"pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/51012\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan","title":{"rendered":"Pemantauan pendekatan bentang alam: Laporan kegagalan juga diperlukan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, sejumlah pengambil kebijakan mulai merengkuh strategi lebih holistik untuk menangani kelindan tantangan keberlanjutan lingkungan dan pembangunan. Sebuah strategi yang dikenal sebagai \u2018Pendekatan bentang alam\u2019 menjadi magnet bagi pemerintah dan organisasi internasional di seluruh dunia.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, apakah pendekatan ini benar-benar telah diterapkan sejalan dengan tujuan awalnya? Dan apakah pendekatan ini menunjukkan keberhasilan lebih luas daripada hanya inisiatif terbatas?<\/p>\n<p>Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti itu dikemukakan oleh tim peneliti yang dipimpin ilmuwan CIFOR saat mereka melakukan analisis hampir 17.000 dokumen \u2013 termasuk kajian kritis atas 24 makalah ilmiah terkaji dan 150 studi kasus belum terpublikasi (sering disebut \u2018literatur abu-abu\u2019) \u2013 mengenai pengalaman pendekatan bentang alam di negara tropis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIni pertama kali kajian seperti ini dilakukan,\u201d kata ko-penulis penelitian dan peneliti CIFOR James Reed.<\/p>\n<p>Dipublikasikan pada edisi April jurnal ilmiah Land Use Policy dalam judul, \u201cApakah pendekatan bentang alam terintegrasi merekonsiliasi isu sosial dan lingkungan di wilayah tropis?\u2019, penelitian terbaru ini ditulis bersama oleh James Reed, Josh van Vianen dan Terry Sunderland dari CIFOR, serta Jos Barlow dari Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Lancaster, Universitas Lancascer, Inggris.<\/p>\n\n<p>Mengambil fokus pada implementasi praktis, penelitian ini merupakan bagian kedua dari analisis dua bagian pendekatan bentang alam oleh tim penelitian. Tahun lalu penulis yang sama mempublikasikan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/6029\/integrated-landscape-approaches-to-managing-social-and-environmental-issues-in-the-tropics-learning-from-the-past-to-guide-the-future\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">makalah <\/a>yang terfokus pada pengembangan teoritis konsep ini.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GAGAL UNTUK DIPERKENALKAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dengan segala keriuhan menyambut teori pendekatan baru, penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan mengejutkan: \u201cPada saat ini, khususnya dalam literatur ilmiah, sangat sedikit bukti menunjukkan bahwa [pendekatan bentang alam] diterapkan secara total, atau mencapai potensi keberhasilannya,\u201d kata Reed.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Para peneliti gagal \u201cmenemukan satu contoh pendekatan bentang alam di wilayah tropis yang secara tepat \u2013 dengan data yang mendalam dan terlaporkan secara reliabel \u2013 dalam menunjukkan efektivitas keseimbangan sosial dan timbal-balik lingkungan melalui proses multi-skala dalam negosiasi menuju hasil yang lebih baik.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Bisa saja, ada contohnya di lapangan, \u201chanya saja kami belum menemukannya,\u201d kata Reed. Ia menambahkan bahwa mungkin saja ada kisah sukses \u201ctingkat lapangan\u201d yang belum diungkap penelitian ilmiah.<\/p>\n<p>Meskipun begitu, Reed dan para mitranya menemukan dalam literatur, 174 kasus yang menunjukkan karakteristik dasar pendekatan bentang alam, dan relatif berhasil ketika struktur multi-level atau tata kelola polisentrik diterapkan.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Hasilnya, para peneliti tidak menyebutkan bahwa pendekatan bentang alam di luar kendali. Sebaliknya para peneliti berkesimpulan bahwa pendekatan bentang alam \u201cberpotensi menjadi kerangka kerja untuk merekonsiliasi konservasi dan pembangunan serta meningkatkan modal sosial, meningkatkan penghasilan masyarakat dan peluang kerja, selain juga mengurangi degradasi lahan dan melindungi sumber daya alam\u201d.  Mereka menyambut penerapan pendekatan ini, dibanding pendekatan minim konsultasi sebelumnya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBukan karena pendekatan bentang alam tidak bisa efektif, hanya saja belum secara efektif dilaporkan dalam literatur ilmiah. Padahal ini juga penting,\u201d kata Reed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita perlu lebih baik dalam memantau, melaporkan, dan membuat informasi tersedia dan terakses untuk publik luas. Inilah cara agar pendekatan ini makin menarik, mempengaruhi pengambil kebijakan dan diperluas.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p><strong>MEMANTAU LEBIH BAIK<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Menurut Reed, dengan banyaknya elemen dan pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat dalam pendekatan bentang alam, disertai perspektif lebih berjangka panjang, seharusnya tidak banyak kendala bagi evaluasi yang baik.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJika ada sistem pemantauan, disertai motivasi dan kapasitas, tidak ada alasan kita tidak mampu menghasilkan laporan tiap beberapa tahun. Ini cukup. Seringkali laporan jangka pendek sangat penting untuk hasil jangka panjang, khususnya terkait proses informasi pembelajaran dan re-evaluasinya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mengingat pembangunan berkelanjutan jangka panjang adalah tujuan utama, pendekatan bentang alam membutuhkan sesuatu yang disebut dalam makalah sebagai \u201cpenyesuaian terus menerus\u201d. Oleh karena itu upaya ini memerlukan bukti apa yang berhasil dan apa yang tidak.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jadi pelajaran apa yang bisa diambil dari kajian literatur?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita perlu mengkaji dan melaporkan, tidak hanya keberhasilan, tetapi juga kegagalan,\u201d kata Reed.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTemuan besar dari kajian ini adalah: kami tidak menemukan laporan mengenai kegagalan pendekatan ini. Kami tahu bahwa masyarakat sedang mencoba dan tidak selalu mendapat hasil menang-menang. Lalu mengapa kemudian kami hanya melaporkan keberhasilan, dan mengesampingkan kegagalan sebagai bahan pembelajaran?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cInilah salah satu bagian yang hilang,\u201d kata Reed. \u201cTidak ada standar baku bagaimana memantau pendekatan bentang alam.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir, banyak orang mencoba menyusun indikator, namun belum ada yang cocok. Bentang alam sangat bervariasi, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.readcube.com\/articles\/10.1007\/s11625-016-0415-z?author_access_token=IasBICO_voPu1Xtfn8yoxve4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY5hBruQauLBfoCtBUXiqwAZIL8qslvl2R84k3F8gC1jhdBXEe3DVJUqMyjCGRk-KiCT1q5rrj-mjOCPY5Mfri9-oDIyxpB_bkUKq531WsJQxw%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tidak ada metrik tunggal yang bisa cocok satu sama lain<\/a>. Reed menyatakan, terdapat peluang mengembangkan sekumpulan indikator utama, dengan metrik tambahan yang bisa diadaptasikan pada kondisi lokal.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam pandangannya, hal ini memerlukan kerja sama para pakar dunia. Namun, menghentikan kesibukan para ilmuwan untuk fokus pada proyek baru tidak mudah. Meskipun, Reed menyatakan, ia dan mitranya di CIFOR serta ko-peneliti Sunderland \u201csangat ingin mewujudkannya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Teorinya kuat. Telah banyak upaya dilakukan untuk konsep ini,\u201d kata Reed. \u201cKonsep ini sangat logis.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Kurangnya bukti, menurut Reed, menjadi ancaman yang menurunkan kredibilitas dan pencarian cara lain.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSeperti <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.12071\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mode<\/a>. Pakaian selalu berganti,\u201d kata peneliti ini. \u201cKita perlu memberi waktu. Potensinya besar.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, sejumlah pengambil kebijakan mulai merengkuh strategi lebih holistik untuk menangani kelindan tantangan keberlanjutan lingkungan dan pembangunan. Sebuah strategi yang dikenal sebagai \u2018Pendekatan bentang alam\u2019 menjadi magnet bagi pemerintah dan organisasi internasional di seluruh dunia. Namun, apakah pendekatan ini benar-benar telah diterapkan sejalan dengan tujuan awalnya? Dan apakah pendekatan ini menunjukkan keberhasilan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":258,"featured_media":51014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[182,6090,95,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2520,2589,2530,2554,2822],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7021],"class_list":["post-51012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-forestry","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-konservasi","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","tag-bahasa-tujuan-pembangunan-berkelanjutan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pemantauan pendekatan bentang alam: Laporan kegagalan juga diperlukan - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/51012\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pemantauan pendekatan bentang alam: Laporan kegagalan juga diperlukan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, sejumlah pengambil kebijakan mulai merengkuh strategi lebih holistik untuk menangani kelindan tantangan keberlanjutan lingkungan dan pembangunan. Sebuah strategi yang dikenal sebagai \u2018Pendekatan bentang alam\u2019 menjadi magnet bagi pemerintah dan organisasi internasional di seluruh dunia. Namun, apakah pendekatan ini benar-benar telah diterapkan sejalan dengan tujuan awalnya? Dan apakah pendekatan ini menunjukkan keberhasilan [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/51012\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-08-18T05:02:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:45:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/35156060114_38ac246079.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bill Hinchberger\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bill Hinchberger\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96f9e244308984024b68b6420221303b\"},\"headline\":\"Pemantauan pendekatan bentang alam: Laporan kegagalan juga diperlukan\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-08-18T05:02:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:45:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan\"},\"wordCount\":779,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/08\\\/35156060114_38ac246079.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Community forestry\",\"Forests News\",\"Human well-being\",\"Landscapes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"id\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2017\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/51012\\\/pemantauan-pendekatan-bentang-alam-laporan-kegagalan-juga-diperlukan\",\"name\":\"Pemantauan pendekatan bentang alam: Laporan kegagalan juga diperlukan - 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