{"id":50369,"date":"2017-07-03T12:02:26","date_gmt":"2017-07-03T05:02:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=50369"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:45:47","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:45:47","slug":"mendalami-kehidupan-masyarakat-lahan-gambut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/50369\/mendalami-kehidupan-masyarakat-lahan-gambut","title":{"rendered":"Mendalami kehidupan masyarakat lahan gambut"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bukan sekadar pohon yang tumbuh di hutan \u2013 dan, bukan juga sekadar keberadaan orangutan atau Probiscis yang tinggal di dalamnya \u2013 atau aliran sungai yang membelah kehijauan alam yang membuat tiap bentang alam lahan gambut unik. Setiap ekosistem lahan gambut juga memiliki identitas dari masyarakat yang menjadikannya rumah.<\/p>\n<p>Meski lokasinya terpencil, masyarakat tersebut terdampak langsung oleh perubahan pasar global. Kebutuhan mengunyah permen karet di Jepang, misalnya, dapat mengubah pilihan pemanfaatan petak lahan para petani di Kalimantan Tengah. Peningkatan penggunaan krim tubuh bisa menebalkan dompet petani di Sumatera.<\/p>\n<p>Hubungan saling mempengaruhi antara masyarakat lahan gambut dan cara mereka mendapat penghasilan menjadi fokus <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/agenda-item\/thursday-18-may-2017\/science-behind-peatlands\/people-livelihoods-conservation-restoration-pathways-sustainability\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><em>Masyarakat dan gambut: Konteks penghidupan <\/em><\/a>dalam diskusi ilmiah <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Global Landscapes Forum: Peatlands Matter<\/a>, 18 Mei lalu di Jakarta. Lima panelis lintas beragam sektor berbagi pengetahuan mengenai perubahan yang mereka saksikan di lapangan. Mereka membahas cara agar masyarakat memiliki masa depan lebih baik.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_box related_promo_glf_peatland17'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_fullwidth'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='bg_sevent_box'><img src='https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/10-04-17-peatlands-blog-3.png'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_left'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text_heading'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/?utm_source=Forests+News&amp;utm_medium=Widget+single+button&amp;utm_campaign=CIFOR+event\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n<span class=\"sevent_sub_heading\">This topic was featured at the<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_main_heading\">Global Landscapes Forum:<br> Peatlands Matter<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_sub_desc\">18 May 2017, Jakarta<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_view_link\">See event details here <\/span>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\theight: 230px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: -315px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box img{ height:100%; }\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent {\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0 auto;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 24px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: \"PT Serif\", serif;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tline-height: 30px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 a .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor:#444;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_view_link{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_aprs_logo{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 16px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_sub_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 18px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top:10px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_sub_desc{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 15px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_left{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-left: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_right{\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth:80%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:20px 25px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:0px 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box {\r\n    height: 210px;\r\n    left: -260px\r\n}\n\t\t\t\t\t@media all and (max-width: 767px){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_right {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.sevent_main_heading br{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay:none;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_aprs_logo img{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmax-width:100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<p><strong>MENYOAL RELASI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Setelah bertahun-tahun dieksploitasi, hutan lahan gambut Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Sumatera (dikenal sebagai Tanjabar)  sudah habis terdegradasi habis pada awal milenium ini.<\/p>\n<p>Tanjabar tidak lagi dapat menyangga pertanian. Masyarakat petani yang telah lama tinggal di sana mengalami kesulitan. Kondisi ini membuat Kantor Kehutanan Kabupaten Tanjabar (kini Kesatuan Pemangku Hutan Tanjabar) mengambil langkah pada 2009. Mereka memulai upaya restorasi dengan menanami sekitar 500 hektare cagar hutan gambut Bram Itam dengan pohon <em>jelutung<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Sementara hutan bersolek, petani mulai memanfaatkan wilayah sekitar dengan melakukan diversifikasi tanaman dengan memvariasikan karet, kopi, pinang, sawit, kelapa, galangal, jahe, dan nenas. Langkah ini baik untuk lahan dan baik pula untuk penghasilan.<\/p>\n<p>Di desa lain, seperti di Senyerang (barat laut Tanjabar), petani mulai mendomestifikasi pohon jelutung, karena getahnya sangat menguntungkan sebagai bahan baku lateks dan permen karet.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Namun, cagar hutan rawa gambut Bram Itam juga rentan penebangan ilegal. Migran berdatangan mengubah lahan menjadi pertanian yang rakus menyerap air dari tanah. Sekali lagi, pemerintah setempat melangkah masuk dan menawarkan solusi. Petani lokal diizinkan memanen sawit dari wilayah yang sebelumnya terlindung, wilayah reforestasi untuk periode waktu tertentu. Langkah ini dilakukan untuk menjaga keberlangsungan ekonomi masyarakat, tanpa mengganggu kedamaian dengan para migran.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPenelitian profitabilitas yang dilakukan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldagroforestry.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Agroforestri dunia (ICRAF)<\/a> menunjukkan bahwa sistem agroforestri berbasis pohon di lahan gambut Tanjabar memberi penghasilan mingguan dan bulanan bagi petani,\u201d kata Hesti Lestari Tata, ilmuwan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forda-mof.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">FOERDIA,<\/a> Pusat Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Inovasi Kementerian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia.<\/p>\n<p>Kisah ini dapat dipandang sebagai pembelajaran: serupa dengan beragamnya jenis tanaman yang diperlukan untuk menjaga keberlangsungan lingkungan dan ekonomi, terdapat pula kebutuhan mendesak beragamnya kelompok pemangku kepentingan untuk dapat bekerja sama memetik kemanfaatan dari bentang alam ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTipologi lahan gambut perlu dikelola sejak awal,\u201d kata Ingrid \u00d6born, koordinator regional Asia Tenggara ICRAF. \u201cPerlu diperhatikan kompleksitas lahan gambut \u2013 kedalaman, kematangan, dan kondisi air, selain kondisi sosio-ekonomi dan pengaturan lahan. Area konflik dan area non-konflik perlu didokumentasikan. Ini bisa menjadi titik awal bagi pembelajaran dan perluasan pembelajaran ke wilayah lain.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Langkah ini dimulai dengan komunikasi dan negosiasi terbuka antara berbagai kelompok pemangku kepentingan di tiap wilayah, didukung penerapan prinsip-prinsip formal, seperti kesadaran terinformasi sebelumnya (FPIC). Prinsip ini menjamin masyarakat memiliki hak menolak usulan proyek yang berpengaruh atas lahan yang dimiliki, dimanfaatkan, atau dikuasai.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPasti ada timbal balik antara kebutuhan ekologi dan lingkungan melawan kebutuhan sosial dan ekonomi,\u201d kata Tata. \u201cBagaimana kita membangun keseimbangan di antara keduanya?\u201d<\/p>\n\n<h4><strong>KE PASAR, KE PASAR<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Sejalan dengan perubahan terus-menerus bentang sosial, lahan gambut juga terus berubah menurut komoditas apa yang diinginkan dan dibutuhkan dunia setiap saatnya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBiasanya, pasar menjadi pendorong utama domestifikasi lahan gambut,\u201d kata Tata. Beberapa tanaman lokal telah lama diperlukan: Di Kabupaten Tanjabar, pinang dan kopi <em>Liberica<\/em> dibawa ke Indonesia dari Afrika pada akhir abad 19; di Riau, ada sagu, bahan dasar kanji; dan sawit yang mendominasi.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, tidak semua lahan gambut memiliki keseuaian kondisi untuk tumbuhnya tanaman tersebut, dan masyarakat harus bekerja dalam keterbatasan bentang alam mereka.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKopi dan pinang cocok ditanam di gambut dangkal yang bersifat hemik (terdekomposisi sebagian) atau saprik (terdekomposisi),\u201d jelas Tata. \u201cJelutung dapat didomestifikasi hampir di mana-mana. Namun, pasar lah yang perlu dibangun untuk menjamin rantai nilai.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hal ini dapat disaksikan terkait jelutung. Di Kalimantan Tengah dan Provinsi Jambi Sumatera, petani menikmati tingginya permintaan dan harga getah jelutung.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, kejatuhan pasar akhir-akhir ini membuat sebagian masyarakat berjuang mencari alternatif. Menurut Aulia Perdana, ahli pemasaran ICRAF, hanya satu perusahaan \u2013 PT Sampit \u2013 yang saat ini mencoba bergantung pada getah <em>jelutung<\/em> dari Indonesia, untuk dijual pada pabrik permen karet di Singapura dan Jepang.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Sebagai pemasar berpikiran maju, Perdana selalu mempertimbangkan adanya opsi lain dan menguntungkan di masa depan. Saat ini, katanya, opsi ini mencakup rotan; ikan hias yang dapat ditangkap di perairan lahan gambut; batang pohon <em>gemor<\/em>, untuk dupa dan penolak serangga; sawit <em>nipah<\/em>, yang getahnya kaya gula dan dapat disadap hingga 50 tahun, serta menjadi habitat penyangga alami untuk fauna akuatik.<\/p>\n<p>Perikanan, juga makin dikaitkan dengan wilayah lahan gambut. Para panelis sepakat, tumpang sari perikanan dan pertanian cukup menguntungkan bagi keseluruhan keberlanjutan bentang alam \u2013 sehatnya kondisi tanah dan air mendorong peningkatan produktivitas keduanya. Namun, sekali lagi, hal ini memerlukan dialog intensif antar beragam pemangku kepentingan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita perlu menyatukan petani dan nelayan untuk bersama-sama bertanggungjawab mengelola tanah dan air,\u201d kata Ibu Titi, yang bekerja di pemerintah provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Terdapat kebutuhan interaksi kuat antar keduanya untuk memantau tingkat pH air, ikan, pohon, dan tanaman, pada saat bersamaan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaya pikir kita memerlukan kolaborasi lebih erat antara peneliti, organisasi perdagangan, dan petani,\u201d kata Aulia. \u201cIni jalan terbaik untuk melangkah maju mengembangkan pasar \u2013 mengembangkan pasar lokal dengan cara kolaboratif dan partisipatoris.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bukan sekadar pohon yang tumbuh di hutan \u2013 dan, bukan juga sekadar keberadaan orangutan atau Probiscis yang tinggal di dalamnya \u2013 atau aliran sungai yang membelah kehijauan alam yang membuat tiap bentang alam lahan gambut unik. Setiap ekosistem lahan gambut juga memiliki identitas dari masyarakat yang menjadikannya rumah. Meski lokasinya terpencil, masyarakat tersebut terdampak langsung [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":259,"featured_media":50370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,182,6090,95,1072,190,184],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[2587,2516,2680,2622,2590,2589,2530,2659],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[6545],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[7023],"class_list":["post-50369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-community-forestry","category-forests-news","category-human-wellbeing","category-landscapes","category-peatlands","category-value-chains-finance","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-kehutanan-masyarakat","tag-bahasa-lahan-basah","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-masyarakat-lokal","tag-bahasa-mata-pencaharian","tag-bahasa-pertumbuhan-ekonomi","tag-bahasa-petani-kecil","type-bahasa-liputan-acara"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mendalami kehidupan masyarakat lahan gambut - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/50369\/mendalami-kehidupan-masyarakat-lahan-gambut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mendalami kehidupan masyarakat lahan gambut\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bukan sekadar pohon yang tumbuh di hutan \u2013 dan, bukan juga sekadar keberadaan orangutan atau Probiscis yang tinggal di dalamnya \u2013 atau aliran sungai yang membelah kehijauan alam yang membuat tiap bentang alam lahan gambut unik. Setiap ekosistem lahan gambut juga memiliki identitas dari masyarakat yang menjadikannya rumah. 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