{"id":50297,"date":"2017-06-23T10:00:15","date_gmt":"2017-06-23T03:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=50297"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:45:48","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:45:48","slug":"jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/50297\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang","title":{"rendered":"Jejak karbon jumbo dalam menu udang"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Saat Anda makan malam dengan pasangan. Anda berdua memesan \u2018tangkapan nelayan\u2019 spesial: udang sebagai menu pembuka dan sepotong steak. Mungkin Anda tidak tahu, namun masifnya jejak karbon menu itu ternyata sangat mengejutkan.<\/p>\n<p>Jika daging dan hidangan laut diambil dari wilayah tropis, di tempat sebelumnya mangrove tumbuh, emisi gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan dari pasangan makan malam itu saja bisa setara dengan mengemudi mobil dari Los Angeles ke New York pulang pergi \u2013 sejumlah 1632 kilogram karbon dioksida.<\/p>\n<p>Atau, dengan kata lain, emisi gas rumah kacanya bisa setara mobil yang Anda kendarai ke restoran.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk sampai pada angka tersebut, para ilmuwan \u2013 termasuk ilmuwan dari <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional <\/a>(CIFOR) \u2013 menghabiskan waktu <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/6431\/the-jumbo-carbon-footprint-of-a-shrimp-carbon-losses-from-mangrove-deforestation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tujuh tahun <\/a>bekerja di hutan mangrove berlumpur dari Asia Tenggara hingga Amerika Tengah.<\/p>\n<p>Di wilayah tropis, hutan mangrove dibuka  untuk lahan pertanian dan akuakultur. Berlokasi di garis batas tanah dan laut, sisi lautnya dikonversi menjadi tambak udang, sementara sisi lebih keringnya dijadikan sawah atau tempat gembala.<\/p>\n\n<p>Para ilmuwan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/6431\/the-jumbo-carbon-footprint-of-a-shrimp-carbon-losses-from-mangrove-deforestation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">meneliti<\/a> 55 lokasi konversi tengah terjadi, di Indonesia, Kosta Rika, Honduras, Meksiko dan Republik Dominika. Ini untuk pertama kalinya penelitian jejak karbon dilakukan untuk menghitung emisi gas rumah kaca akibat deforestasi.<\/p>\n<p>Saat memasuki tahap penghitungan akhir, para peneliti sendiri terkejut.<\/p>\n<p>Untuk setiap kilogram daging yang dihasilkan dari lahan konversi hutan mangrove, 1440 kilogram gas rumah kaca pengubah iklim dipompakan ke atmosfer. <a href=\"https:\/\/museumvictoria.com.au\/discoverycentre\/infosheets\/what-is-the-difference-between-prawns-and-shrimp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Udang<\/a> lebih parah lagi: 1603 kg emisi dihasilkan untuk tiap kilogram krustacea ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami terkejut menemukan bahwa jejak karbonnya setinggi itu,\u201d kata penulis utama Boone Kauffman, seorang pakar mangrove dari Oregon State University.<\/p>\n<p><strong>EMISI LEWAT BATAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mengapa terjadi emisi yang melampaui ukurannya?<\/p>\n<p>Hutan mangrove menyimpan lebih banyak karbon dibanding hutan tropis daratan, karena mangrove menyerap sejumlah besar karbon dalam tanah \u2013 di beberapa tempat, stok karbon ekosistem mangrove <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/ngeo\/journal\/v4\/n5\/full\/ngeo1123.html?words=Breivik\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">hingga 98 persen<\/a> berada di bawah permukaan.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Ketika hutan itu ditebang dan dikeringkan, karbon tidak hanya lepas dari pembusukan daun, ranting dan dahan. Seluruh karbon dalam tanah juga dilepaskan \u2013 dan ini bukan hanya yang berada di permukaan. <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/6431\/the-jumbo-carbon-footprint-of-a-shrimp-carbon-losses-from-mangrove-deforestation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Penelitian<\/a> menemukan bahwa deforestasi dapat melepas karbon yang tersimpan dari kedalaman hingga tiga meter.<\/p>\n<p>Inilah mengapa, kata Kauffman, mangrove berkontribusi 12 persen dari emisi total seluruh deforestasi tropis. Padahal mangrove hanya menutupi 0,6 persen dari keseluruhan wilayah lahan hutan tropis.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita melepas sekuestrasi karbon selama berabad-abad hanya dalam beberapa tahun pemanfaatan lahan,\u201d kata Kauffman.<\/p>\n<p>Ada masalah besar lain terkait konversi \u2013 tambak udang khususnya memiliki rentang hidup sangat pendek. Penyakit, pengasaman tanah, polusi, dan kondisi pasar cenderung membatasi penggunaan lahan hanya sampai tiga hingga sembilan tahun (para ilmuwan mengambil asumsi sembilan tahun untuk kebutuhan penelitian, artinya jejak karbon aktual udang bisa lebih tinggi).<\/p>\n<p>Saat wilayah tersebut tak produktif, tambak ditinggalkan \u2013 dan petani berpindah ke petak mangrove lain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PERTANYAAN SEDERHANA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/library\/3233\/carbon-storage-in-mangrove-and-peatland-ecosystems-a-preliminary-account-from-plots-in-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Penelitian <\/a>Ilmuwan Utama CIFOR Daniel Murdiyarso di Indonesia telah mengungkap seberapa besar karbon yang dapat disimpan dalam ekosistem mangrove.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMangrove menyimpan karbon dua kali lebih banyak dibanding hutan daratan \u2013 dan di beberapa tempat mencapai lima hingga enam kali lebih banyak,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Penelitian baru menunjukkan bahwa emisi dapat dikurangi saat konversi mangrove, yaitu dengan memiminalkan terpaan udara terhadap tanah yang dibuka, namun menemukan jalan menurunkan deforestasi masif mangrove jauh lebih penting.<\/p>\n<p>Bersama Kauffman, Murdiyarso membantu mengkonseptualisasikan penelitian jejak karbon.<\/p>\n<p>Mereka ingin menemukan cara agar dampak iklim deforestasi mangrove lebih mudah dipahami.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKetika para ilmuwan berbicara mengenai peran deforestasi dalam perubahan iklim, mereka cenderung berbicara mengenai gambaran global \u2013 petagram, gigaton, miliaran metrik ton karbon \u2013, masyarakat tidak lantas memahaminya,\u201d kata Kauffman.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJadi, alih-alih mendorong ke skala global, kami memutuskan untuk mencoba menurunkannya pada makan malam individual \u2013 untuk melaporkan dampak deforestasi pada skala personal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Dalam membuat perhitungan, para peneliti membandingkan stok karbon tambak udang atau padang gembala dengan petak tegakkan hutan mangrove terdekat.<\/p>\n<p>Upaya ini <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5tNQGOlPtA4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tidak semudah kedengarannya<\/a> \u2013 mereka harus merangkak menembus akar mangrove untuk mengukur pohon, mengumpulkan tiap batang kayu terbenam, dan mengambil sampel lumpur untuk dibawa ke labolatorium.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSaat berada di lumpur, seakan kembali ke masa kanak-kanak,\u201d gurau Kauffman.<\/p>\n<p>Namun kerja keras itu memiliki tujuan yang sangat serius.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u201cKami menghabiskan waktu tujuh tahun pada proyek ini untuk memastikan kami melakukannya dengan benar,\u201d kata Kauffman.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita menghadapi masalah lingkungan yang tak terduga, khususnya ancaman perubahan iklim dan potensi ramifikasi lingkungan dan sosial.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJadi sangat penting kita dapat menjelaskan ilmu pengetahuan dengan cara yang dipahami masyarakat, agar masyarakat dapat melihat bagaimana aktivitas keseharian mereka mempengaruhi  perubahan iklim. Dengan itu, masyarakat bisa menselaraskan hidupnya.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hasilnya adalah sebuah penelitian yang menggunakan data solid dan nyata dari berbagai lokasi di wilayah tropis. Dan, tujuannya, membuat masyarakat memikirkan satu pertanyaan sederhana: <em>Apakah satu kilogram udang sebernilai 1600 kilo emisi gas rumah kaca?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saat Anda makan malam dengan pasangan. Anda berdua memesan \u2018tangkapan nelayan\u2019 spesial: udang sebagai menu pembuka dan sepotong steak. Mungkin Anda tidak tahu, namun masifnya jejak karbon menu itu ternyata sangat mengejutkan. Jika daging dan hidangan laut diambil dari wilayah tropis, di tempat sebelumnya mangrove tumbuh, emisi gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan dari pasangan makan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":50298,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,188,95,96],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2500,7087,2680,2596,3680],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[545],"class_list":["post-50297","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-food-and-diets","category-human-wellbeing","category-mangroves","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-emisi-karbon","tag-bahasa-jejak-karbon","tag-bahasa-lahan-basah","tag-bahasa-mangrove","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jejak karbon jumbo dalam menu udang - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/50297\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jejak karbon jumbo dalam menu udang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Saat Anda makan malam dengan pasangan. Anda berdua memesan \u2018tangkapan nelayan\u2019 spesial: udang sebagai menu pembuka dan sepotong steak. Mungkin Anda tidak tahu, namun masifnya jejak karbon menu itu ternyata sangat mengejutkan. Jika daging dan hidangan laut diambil dari wilayah tropis, di tempat sebelumnya mangrove tumbuh, emisi gas rumah kaca yang dihasilkan dari pasangan makan [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/50297\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Landscape Alliance Forests News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CIFORICRAF\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-06-23T03:00:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-02-07T08:45:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Shrimp-Cocktail.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kate Evans\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CIFOR_ICRAF\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/50297\\\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/50297\\\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kate Evans\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4876a00a383e40d407811a87baf4130e\"},\"headline\":\"Jejak karbon jumbo dalam menu udang\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-23T03:00:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-02-07T08:45:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/50297\\\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang\"},\"wordCount\":754,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/id\\\/50297\\\/jejak-karbon-jumbo-dalam-menu-udang#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.forestsnews.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/06\\\/Shrimp-Cocktail.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Climate change &amp; 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