{"id":49673,"date":"2017-05-12T13:00:29","date_gmt":"2017-05-12T06:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=49673"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:03:25","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:03:25","slug":"terlalu-dini-untuk-mengubur-redd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49673\/terlalu-dini-untuk-mengubur-redd","title":{"rendered":"Terlalu dini untuk mengubur REDD+"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Apakah REDD+ sudah mati? Rencana besar menurunkan emisi karbon di wilayah tropis melalui pencegahan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan yang mendekati usia sepuluh tahun ini, memang jauh dari harapan.<\/p>\n<p>Kemajuan berlangsung lambat, dan tidak jelas seberapa banyak hutan telah diselamatkan.<\/p>\n<p>Sebagian kritik <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.12680\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kemudian menyatakan<\/a> bahwa REDD+ mencapai akhir masa hidupnya, dan sudah saatnya mencoba hal baru. Namun ilmuwan yang bekerja dengan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR)<\/a> \u2013 yang intens menganalisis implementasi skema ini sejak 2009 \u2013 menyatakan bahwa meski bermasalah, REDD+ belum mati.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJika Anda semata menyalahkan intervensinya, berarti ada obat ajaib lain untuk masalah deforestasi,\u201d kata Arild Angelsen, mitra CIFOR dan guru besar ekonomi Universitas Ilmu Hayati Norwegia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIni seperti menyalahkan obatnya, bukan penyakit pasiennya. Dan hal seperti itu hanya berarti mempersiapkan jalan untuk kegagalan berikutnya.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_box related_promo_sbsta46'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_fullwidth'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_left'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text_heading'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/cifor-at-sbsta-46\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"162\" class=\"wp-image-49648\" src=\"\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CIFOR-AT-SBSTA-46-4.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CIFOR-AT-SBSTA-46-4.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CIFOR-AT-SBSTA-46-4-566x102.jpg 566w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CIFOR-AT-SBSTA-46-4-768x138.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CIFOR-AT-SBSTA-46-4-832x150.jpg 832w, https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/CIFOR-AT-SBSTA-46-4-610x110.jpg 610w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .bg_sevent_box {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\theight: 230px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: -315px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .bg_sevent_box img{ height:100%; }\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent {\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0 auto;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 24px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: \"PT Serif\", serif;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tline-height: 30px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 a .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor:#444;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_view_link{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_aprs_logo{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 16px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_sub_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 18px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top:10px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_sub_desc{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 15px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_left{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-left: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_right{\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth:80%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:20px 25px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:0px 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_fullwidth {\r\n    background-color: #FFFFFF;\r\n    border-left: 600rem solid #FFF;\r\n    border-right: 600rem solid #FFF;\r\n}\r\n.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_left{\r\npadding:0px;\r\n}\r\n.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_right{\r\npadding:0px;\r\nwidth:100%;\r\n}\r\n.sevent_box.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_right_text_heading img{\r\nmax-width:100%;\r\n}\n\t\t\t\t\t@media all and (max-width: 767px){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_right {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.sevent_main_heading br{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay:none;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_sbsta46 .sevent_aprs_logo img{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmax-width:100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<p>Angelsen dan rekan-rekannya menulis sebuah Surat untuk Robert Fletcher dan rekan-rekannya dalam <em><strong>Conservation Biology<\/strong><\/em>. Dalam jurnal ini, Fletcher <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.12680\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">menulis<\/a> bahwa REDD+ telah gagal karena kelemahan mendasar pada gagasannya: skema berbasis pasar dan pembayaran jasa lingkungan (PJL) secara fundamental bertentangan dan tidak bisa berjalan.<\/p>\n<p>Pendapat itu, menurut para ilmuwan CIFOR tidak merepresentasikan perkembangan REDD+. Skema ini memang mengandung instrumen berbasis pasar yang didanai oleh pasar karbon global besar, namun visi itu tidak lagi merefleksikan realitas.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Dalam ketidakhadiran pasar, REDD+ kemudian berkembang menjadi bentuk bantuan berbasis hasil, melalui berbagai bentuk pembiayaan dari pemerintah, masyarakat sipil dan sektor swasta. Hanya sekitar <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reddprojectsdatabase.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">330 inisiatif REDD+ di dunia<\/a> bergantung pada pembayaran dari pasar sukarela.<\/p>\n<p>Artinya, menurut pada ilmuwan, tidak beralasan menumpahkan kekecewaan REDD+ pada masalah inheren konservasi berbasis pasar, karena tidak ada lagi intervensi berbasis pasar.<\/p>\n<p>Menurut Angelsen, hasil intervensi konservasi bergantung pada sangat beragamnya rentang variabel, tidak hanya pada pada desain awal.<\/p>\n<p>Kepentingan biasa business-as-usual \u2013 bagi mereka yang memetik manfaat dari konversi hutan \u2013 tetap kuat, katanya, dan REDD+ tidak diimplementasikan pada skala yang diperlukan untuk secara penuh menyeimbangkan kepentingan tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan  CIFOR dan ko-penulis Amy Duchelle menyatakan pesan utama Surat ini adalah kebutuhan analisis detail atas dampak berbagai pendekatan konservasi, termasuk REDD+, sebelum buru-buru melabelinya kurang berhasil atau gagal dan melangkah ke ide besar berikutnya.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cJika tidak, kita kehilangan peluang mengambil pelajaran penting \u2013 berbasis bukti empiris \u2013 mengapa berbagai pendekatan bekerja atau tidak bekerja dalam beragam kondisi,\u201d katanya.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>MASALAH NAFSU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Penelitian Komparatif Global REDD+,<\/a> yang dikerjakan Duchelle, bertujuan memberi bukti empiris dampak skema ini pada kebijakan dan praktik. Komponen penelitian, terfokus pada inisiatif REDD+ subnasional, mengevaluasi dampak 22 inisiatif di enam negara hutan tropis berbasis kumpulan data dari 150 desa dan hampir 4.000 kepala keluarga (termasuk kelompok kontrol).<\/p>\n<p>Namun, karena REDD+ dimulai lebih lambat dari yang direncanakan, menurut Duchelle, dampak aktual intervensi baru-baru saja muncul.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKami mulai mengumpulkan data dasar pada 2010, dan berencana kembali pada 2012 untuk mengukur dampaknya, karena kami pikir REDD+ akan cepat terlaksana,\u201d katanya. Namun hal ini tidak terjadi \u2013 dan mereka kembali pada 2014, bahkan saat itu pun implementasi baru dimulai.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Di lapangan REDD+ berjalan lambat. Hal ini seharusnya tidak mengejutkan, kata penulis lain, Ilmuwan Utama CIFOR, Christopher Martius, yang memimpin penelitian perubahan iklim CIFOR.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIni jadi sebuah upaya sangat besar untuk mengatur 190 negara berbeda dalam satu tujuan bersama, dan kemudian mencoba mengembangkan mekanisme untuk semuanya. Anda juga mencoba mengembangkan sesuatu di wilayah tropis yang tidak dimiliki negara maju, seperti kolaborasi antar kementerian,\u201d kata Martius.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTidak seperti memindahkan fluorocarbon, yang hanya semata urusan teknis. Di sini, kita menghadapi berbagai isu sosial, orang yang tinggal dan hidup dari hutan, harus ada solusi yang layak bagi mereka.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Negara REDD+ juga harus mengembangkan cara akurat mengukur karbon hutan mereka, menyusun <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/redd-benefit-sharing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">mekanisme adil<\/a> distribusi pembayaran dan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/redd-benefit-sharing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">manfaat<\/a> lain serta menjamin masyarakat dan lingkungan lokal <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\/publications\/redd-safeguards\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tidak terdampak secara negatif<\/a> oleh inisiatif REDD+ \u2013 semua ini adalah masalah yang tidak mudah.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cREDD+ dijual sebagai tembakan jitu dan solusi cepat mengatasi masalah deforestasi. Tinggal beri saja uang, dan masyarakat akan membiarkan pohon berdiri \u2013 selesai,\u201d kata Martius. \u201cNyatanya tidak sesederhana itu.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOrang-orang berpikir perubahan tranformasional berlangsung cepat karena terdengar eksplosif. Namun perlu waktu lama untuk mengubah kebiasaan,\u201d tambah Duchelle.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>SUDAHKAH REDD+ MENYELAMATKAN POHON?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Namun kemajuan telah ada, khususnya pada peningkatan di tingkat kapasitas dan kebijakan. Sejak 2010 terlihat <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/a-i4895e\/i4895e11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">kemajuan nyata<\/a> pada kemampuan berbagai negara dalam mengukur, memverifikasi dan melaporkan perubahan tutupan hutan dan stok karbon \u2013 yang merupakan bagian esensial membangun kepercayaan.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cItu hasil tak terukur. Hasil kebijakan yang tidak lantas terjemahkan menjadi jumlah hektare hutan terselamatkan, namun memberi landasan kerja untuk itu,\u201dkata Martius.<\/p>\n<p>Jadi apakah REDD+ telah menyelamatkan pohon? Mungkin ada beberapa, sejauh ini. Hasil yang muncul dari Penelitian Komparatif <a href=\"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa7032\/meta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">menunjukkan <\/a>bahwa di separuh lokasi terjadi penurunan deforestasi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNamun penilaian dampak untuk hal ini sangat sulit,\u201d kata Angelsen. \u201cKita harus membandingkan situasi hari ini dengan apa yang akan terjadi jika REDD+ tidak ada, ini skenario hipotetis.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Kondisi ini menciptakan ruang bagi beragam cerita, bergantung pada berbagai kepentingan dan posisi ideologis pemangku kepentingan, katanya. Penelitian CIFOR berupaya mencoba menjawab hal ini dengan menerapkan metode yang ketat, dan dengan menjejak implementasi berdasar waktu.<\/p>\n<p>Masih terlalu dini, Duchelle mengingatkan. Penelitian memasuki tahap ketiga, <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/gcs\/about-gcs-redd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">tahap akhir<\/a>, dan akan berlangsung hingga 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apakah REDD+ sudah mati? Rencana besar menurunkan emisi karbon di wilayah tropis melalui pencegahan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan yang mendekati usia sepuluh tahun ini, memang jauh dari harapan. Kemajuan berlangsung lambat, dan tidak jelas seberapa banyak hutan telah diselamatkan. Sebagian kritik kemudian menyatakan bahwa REDD+ mencapai akhir masa hidupnya, dan sudah saatnya mencoba hal baru. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":49675,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,6090,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[3680,2819,6571,6464],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[545],"class_list":["post-49673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim","tag-bahasa-redd","tag-bahasa-sbsta","tag-bahasa-unfccc","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Terlalu dini untuk mengubur REDD+ - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49673\/terlalu-dini-untuk-mengubur-redd\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Terlalu dini untuk mengubur REDD+\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apakah REDD+ sudah mati? Rencana besar menurunkan emisi karbon di wilayah tropis melalui pencegahan deforestasi dan degradasi hutan yang mendekati usia sepuluh tahun ini, memang jauh dari harapan. Kemajuan berlangsung lambat, dan tidak jelas seberapa banyak hutan telah diselamatkan. Sebagian kritik kemudian menyatakan bahwa REDD+ mencapai akhir masa hidupnya, dan sudah saatnya mencoba hal baru. 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