{"id":49587,"date":"2017-05-05T13:00:29","date_gmt":"2017-05-05T06:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=49587"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:03:28","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:03:28","slug":"memangkas-lidah-api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49587\/memangkas-lidah-api","title":{"rendered":"Memadamkan lidah-lidah api"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kebakaran lahan yang menyapu Indonesia pada 2015 menghanguskan sekitar 2,6 juta hektare, dan menghembuskan asap yang memicu masalah kesehatan puluhan ribu orang. Bank Dunia memperkirakan kerugian akibat krisis tersebut mencapai 16 miliar dolar AS.<\/p>\n<p>Sementara, penelitian yang dilakukan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) memperkirakan 1,2 miliar ton CO2 ekuivalen diemisikan ke atmosfer.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Kebakaran terburuk selama hampir dua dekade terakhir ini antara lain karena bertepatan dengan tahun kering El Nino. Setelah itu, hujan besar turun menjauhkan api. Apa hikmah yang bisa dipetik untuk masa datang? Penulis Kabar Hutan, Suzanna Dayne berbincang dengan ilmuwan CIFOR, Herry Purnomo mengenai rencana Indonesia untuk mencegah kebakaran.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Apa yang telah dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia untuk mencegah terulangnya kebakaran besar 2015?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ya, lumayan banyak, setidaknya di atas kertas. Saya menyusun strategi pemerintah, apa yang disebut \u2018<em>grand design<\/em>\u2019 pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan nasional. Sebuah rencana besar tiga tahunan dengan estimasi biaya 3 miliar dolar AS.<\/p>\n<p>Rencana ini sangat komprehensif, dan mendorong undang-undang dan peraturan yang kuat, pemberdayaan masyarakat lokal, dan memberi mereka insentif untuk tidak membakar lahan. Rencana ini juga meliputi strategi membendung kanal yang mencegah lahan gambut mengering dan, tentu saja, pelatihan dan peralatan pemadaman kebakaran.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Apa yang telah dilakukan untuk restorasi dan melindungi lahan gambut?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Badan Restorasi Gambut dibentuk tahun lalu dengan mandat kuat dari Presiden Indonesia untuk merestorasi 2,4 juta hektare lahan gambut di tujuh provinsi  &#8212; 1,333 hektare per hari. Ini berarti mengembalikan  lahan gambut pada kondisi asli dan bukan dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan kayu bubur kertas atau sawit.<\/p>\n<p>Sekarang, pertanyaannya: Siapa yang akan mengerjakannya?<\/p>\n<p>Sekitar 80 persen lahan gambut yang  ditargetkan untuk restorasi berada dalam area konsesi. Perusahaan yang terkena tidak terlalu senang dengan rencana pemerintah ini, meski mereka menyatakan akan membiayainya. Perusahan-perusahaan itu mempertanyakan insentif  apa yang mereka dapat.<\/p>\n<p>Ada usulan untuk menawarkan  lahan alternatif sebagai ganti lahan gambut, namun di wilayah tertentu tidak mudah menemukan satu juta hektare.<\/p>\n<p>Potensi tantangan lain adalah pemerintah daerah yang mungkin tidak sepenuhnya mendukung restorasi lahan gambut jika itu merugikan ekonomi dan penghidupan lokal.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_box related_promo_glf_peatland17'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_fullwidth'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='bg_sevent_box'><img src='https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/10-04-17-peatlands-blog-3.png'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_left'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text_heading'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/?utm_source=Forests+News&amp;utm_medium=Widget+single+button&amp;utm_campaign=CIFOR+event\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n<span class=\"sevent_sub_heading\">This topic was featured at the<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_main_heading\">Global Landscapes Forum:<br> Peatlands Matter<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_sub_desc\">18 May 2017, Jakarta<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_view_link\">See event details here <\/span>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\theight: 230px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: -315px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box img{ height:100%; }\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent {\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0 auto;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 24px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: \"PT Serif\", serif;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tline-height: 30px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 a .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor:#444;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_view_link{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_aprs_logo{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 16px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_sub_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 18px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top:10px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_sub_desc{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 15px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_left{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-left: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_right{\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth:80%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:20px 25px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:0px 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box {\r\n    height: 210px;\r\n    left: -260px\r\n}\n\t\t\t\t\t@media all and (max-width: 767px){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_right {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.sevent_main_heading br{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay:none;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_aprs_logo img{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmax-width:100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<p><strong>Dapatkah lahan ini dibeli dan kemudian dilindungi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Itu mungkin saja, tetapi kita juga harus memikirkan petani yang bergantung pada lahan itu untuk penghidupannya. Banyak orang bekerja di dekat atau di dalam area konsesi. Jadi kita perlu memikirkan bagaimana menyediakan alternatif penghidupan bagi masyarakat di wilayah lahan gambut tersebut.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Apa yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam memperbaiki hidup petani di wilayah itu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Upaya yang tengah dilakukan adalah melalui kehutanan sosial di 12,7 juta hektare lahan, selain reformasi agraria yang akan melimpahkan sembilan juta hektare lahan, dan sekitar separuhnya berasal dari lahan non-hutan, pada masyarakat.<\/p>\n<p>Kini, masalah baru muncul: <em>Bagaimana kita mendistribusikan lahan itu?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Petani yang tidak memiliki lahan biasanya kurang terdidik dan tidak menuntut hak, jadi mereka seringkali luput dari program sosial. Dan di tempat seperti Sumatera Selatan, terdapat generasi muda yang ingin pergi ke kota, dengan bekal menjual lahan mereka. Saya perlu menekankan bahwa di sinilah LSM memainkan peran penting dan menjamin masyarakat diperlakukan secara adil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bagaimana dengan negara tetangga seperti Singapura dan Malaysia yang juga terdampak asap? Apakah mereka membantu Indonesia?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Terdapat beberapa proyek lahan gambut berbasis masyarakat dilakukan dalam kerjasama dengan Malaysia dan Singapura. Persatuan Bangsa Bangsa Asia Tenggara (ASEAN) tengah berupaya menyelesaikan masalah ini melalui program \u2018Visi ASEAN bebas asap 2020\u2019. Namun, saya pikir diperlukan solusi lebih radikal di tingkat ASEAN. Solusi ini mencakup investigasi aliran uang dari Malaysia dan Singapura yang digunakan untuk investasi ilegal perkebunan sawit skalah menengah.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bagaimana dengan upaya pemegang konsesi besar seperti Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd (APRIL) untuk bekerja sama dengan masyarakat dalam mencegah kebakaran?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sebagian program itu berhasil. Masalahnya, mereka terfokus hanya pada beberapa desa terdekat lokasi. Terdapat kebutuhan pendanaan lebih dalam upaya peningkatan kesadaran di seluruh negeri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mencegah kebakaran, merestorasi lahan gambut dan memberi penghidupan baru bagi masyarakat, semua itu target yang ambisius. Apakah Anda optimis ini bisa dicapai?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Masalah-masalah itu tentu saja dapat diperbaki, namun mungkin tidak sepenuhnya bisa dihilangkan. Bahkan jika kita punya 3 juta dolar AS untuk program baru, saya pikir kita hanya bisa mengurangi kebakaran sampai 50 persen dari target tingkat <em>business-as-usual<\/em>  dalam <em>grand design<\/em> pencegahan kebakaran.<\/p>\n<p>Namun, ada satu hal yang pasti. Kita perlu melihat opsi sawit berkelanjutan dan menciptakan standar produk ramah lingkungan. Secara keseluruhan, kita perlu insentif kuat untuk mendorong ekonomi lokal, selain pemberdayaan masyarakat dan tata kelola gambut yang baik.<\/p>\n<p>Kita juga perlu menjamin penegakkan hukum dapat berlangsung secara efektif dan investigasi titik panas lokal dapat dilakukan dengan tepat waktu. Ini kan tidak seperti dulu ketika kita tidak punya data satelit. Kini, kita tahu secara tepat dari mana kebakaran datang.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kebakaran lahan yang menyapu Indonesia pada 2015 menghanguskan sekitar 2,6 juta hektare, dan menghembuskan asap yang memicu masalah kesehatan puluhan ribu orang. Bank Dunia memperkirakan kerugian akibat krisis tersebut mencapai 16 miliar dolar AS. Sementara, penelitian yang dilakukan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) memperkirakan 1,2 miliar ton CO2 ekuivalen diemisikan ke atmosfer. Kebakaran terburuk selama [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":49599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,137,6090,190],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[6562,7011,2548,2622,2626,2647,7014],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3094],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6193],"class_list":["post-49587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forest-management-restoration","category-forests-news","category-peatlands","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-badan-restorasi-gambut","tag-bahasa-gambut","tag-bahasa-kebakaran-hutan","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-perkebunan","tag-bahasa-restorasi","tag-bahasa-sawit","type-bahasa-wawancara"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Memadamkan lidah-lidah api - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49587\/memangkas-lidah-api\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Memadamkan lidah-lidah api\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kebakaran lahan yang menyapu Indonesia pada 2015 menghanguskan sekitar 2,6 juta hektare, dan menghembuskan asap yang memicu masalah kesehatan puluhan ribu orang. Bank Dunia memperkirakan kerugian akibat krisis tersebut mencapai 16 miliar dolar AS. Sementara, penelitian yang dilakukan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) memperkirakan 1,2 miliar ton CO2 ekuivalen diemisikan ke atmosfer. 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