{"id":49510,"date":"2017-04-27T16:00:37","date_gmt":"2017-04-27T09:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=49510"},"modified":"2021-08-19T13:22:41","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T06:22:41","slug":"gambut-di-bawah-kaki-mereka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49510\/gambut-di-bawah-kaki-mereka","title":{"rendered":"Gambut di bawah kaki mereka"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Apa kesamaan berang-berang berkumis, harimau sumatra dan tapir melayu punggung putih? Mereka bukan hanya sama sebagai satwa terlangka di bumi,  tetapi juga sama-sama mengisi sebagian besar harinya menjelajah lahan gambut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPerbincangan mengenai perlindungan lahan gambut cenderung fokus pada simpanan karbon yang bisa terlepas ke atmosfer dan menyebabkan perubahan iklim&#8221;, kata Sofyan Kurnianto, peneliti rekanan dari <a href=\"\/\/cifor.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNamun, lahan gambut juga merupakan lokasi penting keragaman hayati dan memberi jasa ekosistem yang sangat kita perlukan untuk melindungi binatang dan tanaman yang hidup di sana.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Flora dan fauna yang hidup di gambut sangat beragam seperti lahan gambut itu sendiri. Sebagian besar bergantung pada keberadaan gambut, selain juga jumlah tutupan hutan dan faktor lain seperti nutrisi dalam ekosistem dan keberadaan kolam air.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Kerajaan binatang<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Di lahan gambut non-tropis, di wilayah suhu sedang dan boreal ke arah kutub, binatang seperti rusa, beruang hitam, serigala dan rusa kutub menjelajah mencari makanan. Meski tidak ditemukan banyak jenis ikan di air lahan gambut negara seperti <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hww.ca\/en\/wild-spaces\/peatlands.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Kanada<\/a>, berbagai jenis burung, mulai dari unggas air, burung berkicau hingga burung predator melimpah, dan menjadi perhentian rute migrasi. Di tempat lain, binatang kecil seperti tikus dan tupai dapat ditemukan, selain juga beragam serangga seperti kupu-kupu, laba-laba, nyamuk, dan penghuni air lain seperti berang-berang, kadal air, dan kodok.<\/p>\n<p>Lahan gambut tropis sangat kaya ikan air tawar \u2013 termasuk ikan terkecil di dunia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1560243\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">peadocypris progenetica<\/a>. Lahan ini juga menjadi rumah bagi berbagai spesies terancam punah seperti orangutan, badak, macan kumbang Sunda, harimau sumatra, tapir, biawak, bangau, bebek sayap putih, dan kura-kura air tawar. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioscience\/article\/61\/1\/49\/304606\/Biodiversity-and-Conservation-of-Tropical-Peat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Inventarisasi<\/a> di hutan rawa gambut tropis menemukan sebanyak 45% mamalia dan 33% burung yang teridentifikasi termasuk dalam daftar <em>International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/em> (IUCN) dalam status terancam, rentan atau terancam punah.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vegetasi inventif<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tanaman dipaksa beradaptasi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLahan gambut umumnya ditandai dengan air dan tanah asam di lokasi lahan gambut yang kadar oksigennya rendah dan nutrisinya sedikit,\u201d kata Kurnianto. \u201cMemang tidak selalu menjadi lingkungan yang menarik.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Lumut spagnum keras menjadi pemandangan umum di lahan gambut non-tropis \u2013 dengan tanaman rempah, pakis dan rerumputan tumbuh di rawa dan semak berair seperti pohon salam. Beberapa jenis tanaman memilih lebih berpetualang untuk bertahan hidup. Rhododendrons dan anggrek bersimbisosis dengan jamur \u2013 micorrhizae \u2013 pada akar mereka untuk mendapat nutrisi tambahan. Pilihan lain adalah gaya hidup karnivora. Tanaman kantung semar dan sundew menangkap serangga kecil untuk mengganti nutrisi tanah yang kurang.<\/p>\n<p>Di wilayah tropis, sejumlah anggrek, tanaman obat dan penjebak serangga seperti tanaman kantung semar menemukan tempat di hutan gambut dan mangrove. Bahkan <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bioscience\/article\/61\/1\/49\/304606\/Biodiversity-and-Conservation-of-Tropical-Peat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">hutan rawa gambut<\/a> menyimpan keragaman tanaman terkaya di antara seluruh lahan gambut dunia \u2013 dengan lebih dari sepersepuluh tanaman tercatat hanya hidup di habitat tersebut. Sebagian tanaman tersebut berbentuk pohon \u2013 termasuk varietas tropis raksasa seperti meranti, ramin, dan kayu ulin.<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_box related_promo_glf_peatland17'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_fullwidth'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='bg_sevent_box'><img src='https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/10-04-17-peatlands-blog-3.png'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_left'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='sevent_right_text_heading'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div>\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/?utm_source=Forests+News&amp;utm_medium=Widget+single+button&amp;utm_campaign=CIFOR+event\" target=\"_blank\">\r\n<span class=\"sevent_sub_heading\">This topic was featured at the<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_main_heading\">Global Landscapes Forum:<br> Peatlands Matter<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_sub_desc\">18 May 2017, Jakarta<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"sevent_view_link\">See event details here <\/span>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='clear clearfix'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tposition: absolute;\n\t\t\t\t\t\ttop: 0;\n\t\t\t\t\t\theight: 230px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tleft: -315px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box img{ height:100%; }\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent {\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0 auto;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 24px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: bold;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: \"PT Serif\", serif;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tline-height: 30px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 a .sevent_main_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor:#444;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_view_link{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin: 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_aprs_logo{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 16px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_sub_heading{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 18px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top:10px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_sub_desc{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 15px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay: block;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-family: roboto;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-weight: normal;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #a4a4a4;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_left{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-top: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding-left: 35px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_right{\n\t\t\t\t\t\twidth:80%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:20px 25px;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 600rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\tpadding:0px 0px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\toverflow: hidden;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .bg_sevent_box {\r\n    height: 210px;\r\n    left: -260px\r\n}\n\t\t\t\t\t@media all and (max-width: 767px){\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_fullwidth{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-left: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tborder-right: 0rem solid #eaeaea;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_right {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twidth: 100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.sevent_main_heading br{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tdisplay:none;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t\t.related_promo_glf_peatland17 .sevent_aprs_logo img{\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmax-width:100%;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n<p><strong>Lahan gambut terancam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sayangnya, seiring membesarnya tekanan dan ancaman terhadap lahan gambut di seluruh dunia, terancam pula keragaman hayatinya. Lahan gambut utara dan wilayah beku mengalami perubahan seiring pemanasan global akibat perubahan iklim, sementara banyak negara di <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org\/sites\/www.iucn-uk-peatlandprogramme.org\/files\/Threats%20to%20peatlandsVCoelho.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Eropa Barat<\/a> melakukan eksploitasi berlebihan atas gambut  tersisa. Di wilayah tropis seperti Indonesia, sebagian lahan gambut hilang bersama dengan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/46585\/cop22-special-why-should-we-care-about-peat?fnl=en&amp;utm_source=CIFOR+Website&amp;utm_medium=Section&amp;utm_campaign=Best+of+the+best+2016\">pengeringan<\/a>, penebangan, pembakaran, dan konversi menjadi perkebunan skala besar, seperti sawit.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRumah bagi spesies terancam punah telah dirusak,\u201d kata Kurnianto. \u201cBanyak binatang terbunuh ketika kebakaran, makanan mereka diambil, atau mereka diusir dengan asap untuk melakukan perjalanan berbahaya mencari habitat baru.<\/p>\n<p>Akibat kerusakan hutan rawa gambut tropis, saat ini hanya tersisa <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">400<\/a> harimau sumatra yang hidup liar. Jumlah orangutan sumatra <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">turun 80%<\/a> dalam 75 taun terakhir. Sebagai binatang yang sangat aktif, orangutan membutuhkan wilayah hutan yang luas sebagai habitat. Saat kebakaran, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/13688\/as-forests-disappear-orangutans-cling-for-survival-in-diminishing-peat-swamps?fnl=en\">betina<\/a>, yang cenderung bertahan di sarangnya, menjadi korban. Begitu pula, demi rasa aman, orangutan berisiko ditembak oleh manusia yang menganggap mereka sebagai hama.<\/p>\n<p>Proyek restorasi lahan gambut dan pencegahan terlepasnya karbon makin <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP91Murdiyarso.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">dituntut<\/a> untuk melibatkan komponen <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/29820\/carbon-or-biodiversity-conservation-you-cant-have-the-best-of-both-worlds?fnl=en\">keragaman hayati<\/a> \u2013 yang fokus mengembalikan kehidupan tanaman dan binatang.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSetiap proyek restorasi gambut tropis setidaknya harus memiliki dua elemen dasar: membasahi kembali lahan dan revegetasi spesies endemik,\u201d kata Kurnianto. \u201cDi Indonesia kami biasanya menanami kembali dengan sawit sagu atau jelutung.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Beberapa proyek menunjukkan bahwa menanami <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/45603\/growing-new-energy?fnl=en&amp;utm_source=CIFOR+Website&amp;utm_medium=Section&amp;utm_campaign=Best+of+the+best+2016\">vegetasi asli<\/a> di lahan gambut terdegradasi menjadi cara mengembangkan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/32534\/political-economy-of-fire-and-haze-moving-to-long-term-solutions?fnl=en\">sumber penghasilan alternatif<\/a> bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah tersebut. Upaya itu juga menjaga kesehatan lahan gambut, melindungi tanaman lokal dan menyediakan pangan dan habitat untuk binatang.<\/p>\n<p>Bagaimanapun, menyeimbangkan konservasi lahan gambut dan pembangunan bukan hal yang mudah. Banyak masyarakat memberi nilai lebih pada manfaat ekonomi dengan membakar lahan gambut untuk kepentingan pertanian. Tarik menarik ini akan didiskusikan pada Forum Bentang Alam Global: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.landscapes.org\/peatlands\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Masalah Lahan Gambut<\/a> pada Mei 2017 di Jakarta.<\/p>\n<p>Ketika tutupan hutan <a href=\"\/\/www.cifor.org\/publications\/pdf_files\/WPapers\/WP110Comeau.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">menurun<\/a>, ratusan ribu binatang dan tanaman di lahan gambut makin terancam, konsensus segera bisa menyelamatkan kehidupan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apa kesamaan berang-berang berkumis, harimau sumatra dan tapir melayu punggung putih? Mereka bukan hanya sama sebagai satwa terlangka di bumi, tetapi juga sama-sama mengisi sebagian besar harinya menjelajah lahan gambut. \u201cPerbincangan mengenai perlindungan lahan gambut cenderung fokus pada simpanan karbon yang bisa terlepas ke atmosfer dan menyebabkan perubahan iklim&#8221;, kata Sofyan Kurnianto, peneliti rekanan dari [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":255,"featured_media":49519,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,6090,1072,190],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215,12222,12323,12321],"tag-bahasa":[7006,7005,2489,2622,6929],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3088],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6981],"class_list":["post-49510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-landscapes","category-peatlands","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","location-indonesia","location-malaysia","location-united-states","tag-bahasa-fauna","tag-bahasa-flora","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-satwa-liar","type-bahasa-berkas-fakta"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gambut di bawah kaki mereka - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49510\/gambut-di-bawah-kaki-mereka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gambut di bawah kaki mereka\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Apa kesamaan berang-berang berkumis, harimau sumatra dan tapir melayu punggung putih? 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