{"id":49249,"date":"2017-04-10T11:00:28","date_gmt":"2017-04-10T04:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=49249"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:05:04","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:05:04","slug":"pionir-redd-atau-kelinci-percobaan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49249\/pionir-redd-atau-kelinci-percobaan","title":{"rendered":"Pionir REDD+ atau kelinci percobaan?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pada 2012, Kalimantan Tengah dipilih sebagai provinsi percontohan Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD+). REDD+ adalah sebuah upaya besar mitigasi perubahan iklim dan meraih berbagai tujuan lain dengan menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca melalui serangkaian insentif. Proyek dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki tata kelola hutan, mendorong upaya konservasi dan meningkatkan stok karbon hutan. Berbagai pemangku kepentingan dilibatkan, mulai dari pemerintah pusat, provinsi dan kabupaten hingga LSM dan masyarakat lokal.<\/p>\n<p>Ilmuwan Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional (CIFOR) dan institusi mitra mengkaji bagaimana tujuan lingkungan global REDD+ ini diterjemahkan di lapangan di Kalimantan Tengah. Mereka menemukan sejumlah ketegangan yang dirasakan masyarakat lokal menjadi menghambat keberhasilan banyak proyek.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPara pendukung REDD+ menyebut upaya di Kalimantan Tengah ini sebagai \u2018pionir\u2019, namun banyak aktor lokal, termasuk pejabat pemerintah dan LSM, dan juga masyarakat, merasa bahwa mereka hanyalah bagian eksperimen dan diperlakukan seperti kelinci percobaan untuk pendekatan baru yang dampaknya masih belum pasti,\u201d kata Anna Sanders, ketua tim peneliti, dan kandidat Doktor Universitas Melbourne.<\/p>\n\n<p>Menurut Sanders, banyak kesulitan muncul dari desain proyek yang kaku, dan dari atas-ke-bawah. Salah satu contohnya, kata Sanders, sebuah proyek yang didanai pemerintah luar negeri terlalu dikontrol dari luar negeri. Akibatnya masalah yang perlu cepat diselesaikan menjadi terlambat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBaru pada tahun akhir proyek, pengaturan terpusat itu melonggar dan proyek melangkah maju,\u201d  kata Sanders.<\/p>\n<p>Menurut Sanders, masalah lain yang ditemukan adalah banyak proyek didesain selesai dalam waktu singkat, seringkali hanya satu atau dua tahun. Kerangka waktu dan harapannya jadi tidak realistis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2018MELIHAT\u2019 MANUSIA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Para ilmuwan mengkaji penelitian komparatif REDD+ terbaru dan berbicara pada lebih dari seratus pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian mereka menunjukkan meski REDD+ mencakup beragam isu, seperti kemiskinan dan hak asasi manusia, namun masih terasa kurang fokus pada penyebab mendasar deforestasi.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Sanders menyatakan bahwa proyek-proyek tersebut perlu waktu untuk berkembang. Aspek sosial lokal perlu dipertimbangkan dalam desain proyek.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMasyarakat mengalami semua bentuk inisiatif atas-ke-bawah, seperti Proyek Lahan Gambut Sejuta Hektar (megarice project), perubahan politik, kebakaran, sawit. Mereka bingung apa yang berjalan dan apa yang tidak,\u201d kata Sanders.<\/p>\n<p>Penelitian mengindikasikan, tidak hanya pada tingkat masyarakat, kebingungan menyebar juga pada tingkat lebih tinggi di tempat proyek jutaan dolar dirancang.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKita menghadapi perbedaan budaya dan praktik antara donor besar dan badan internasional yang terlibat. Organisasi seperti itu seringkali memiliki perbedaan ekspektasi, cara kerja, dan ini tidak lantas terterjemahkan,\u201d kata Sanders.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MASALAH DETAIL <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Penelitian ini juga mengangkat pertanyaan: Bagaimana proyek REDD+ bisa berhasil jika orang tidak saling mengerti satu sama lain?<\/p>\n<p>Seperti dalam proyek manapun, pertemuan dan konsultasi digelar teratur, mulai dari tingkat tertinggi pemerintah hingga tingkat lapangan. Namun, para peneliti menemukan, seringkali terjadi kesalahpahaman antar pemangku kepentingan. Misalnya, pakar luar negeri akan diminta berbicara hanya ketika ada penerjemah atau alat penerjemahan. Hal ini membuat LSM dan peserta lokal melakukan interpretasi sendiri, yang seringkali juga tidak tepat.<\/p>\n<div class='short-quote'>\n\t\t\t<blockquote>\n\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<footer>\n\t\t\t\t\t<cite title='Source Title'><\/cite>\n\t\t\t\t<\/footer>\n\t\t\t<\/blockquote>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p>\u201cIni bisa membuat aktor lokal menolak proyek dan perencanaan yang bagi mereka tidak masuk akal. Mereka sering merasa diperintah dan tidak dilibatkan dalam desain awal proyek yang akan mereka implementasikan,\u201d kata Hakon da Silva Hyldo, penulis kedua penelitian ini, lulusan Universitas Sains dan Teknologi (NTNU).<\/p>\n<p>Hal ini terjadi bukan hanya pada orang \u2018atas\u2019 atau \u2018bawah\u2019 \u2013 mereka yang bekerja di tengah, seperti manajer, pegawai kabupaten dan staf proyek juga menghadapi kesulitan memenuhi ekspektasi para donor dan mencapai hasil yang tidak mungkin dilakukan di lapangan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SEKARANG SAATNYA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Setelah kerusakan akibat kebakaran lahan gambut 2015 di Sumatera dan Kalimantan, terdapat beberapa usulan solusi, kerangka waktu baru dan target nasional baru untuk merestorasi lahan gambut.<\/p>\n<div class='short-image short-image--left'>\n\t\t\t\t<a class='fancybox-image GTMshortImage' href='' target='_self'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__thumb'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src='' width='260'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__type'><h3><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='short-image__title'><h4><\/h4><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<p>Menurut para peneliti, kini saatnya dimiliki fokus yang lebih dalam implementasi proyek-proyek tersebut.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIni waktunya seluruh pemangku kepentingan belajar dari pengalaman REDD+. Kita tidak boleh bekerja terpisah-pisah. Kita perlu menemukan titik konvergen agar bisa bekerja bersama dan menemukan cara bagaimana proyek berjalan lebih efektif, terutama di tingkat desa,\u201d kata Sanders.<\/p>\n<p>Penelitian menemukan perlunya fleksibilitas ruang dalam merancang program dan inisiatif, untuk memberi ruang masukan lokal. Hal ini, bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi informasi bagi para pengambil kebijakan di tingkat lebih tinggi. Program seperti REDD+ perlu fokus lebih dari sekadar proyek jangka panjang, menekankan pada investasi jangka panjang dan membangun aksi kolektif yang mendorong pembelajaran.<\/p>\n<p>Para peneliti juga menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan yang terpantau di negara lain bukanlah hasil upaya tunggal, namun dinegosiasikan melalui \u201cproses sosial yang panjang dalam membangun keterkaitan dan memperkuat pembelajaran\u201d. Mereka menyatakan, seluruh pemangku kepentingan di semua level harus saling terkait satu sama lain, berbagi informasi dan mengkonsolidasikan pembelajaran sambil bergerak, bahkan ketika cara yang telah disepakati menghadapi tantangan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cKeinginan saya adalah keinginan mereka, dan mereka menentukan apa keinginan itu dan mereka menjalani proses pencapaiannya. Biarkan masyarakat menjadi pionir. Ini memang tidak akan mudah, tetapi pada akhirnya kita bisa lihat masyarakat bangga, atau mungkin kecewa, tetapi mereka akan menerimanya,\u201d kata Sanders.<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pada 2012, Kalimantan Tengah dipilih sebagai provinsi percontohan Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD+). REDD+ adalah sebuah upaya besar mitigasi perubahan iklim dan meraih berbagai tujuan lain dengan menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca melalui serangkaian insentif. Proyek dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki tata kelola hutan, mendorong upaya konservasi dan meningkatkan stok karbon hutan. Berbagai pemangku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":49253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[462,6090,190,151],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12222],"tag-bahasa":[3731,2548,2622,3680,2819,6978],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6193],"class_list":["post-49249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate-change-energy","category-forests-news","category-peatlands","category-redd-2","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-indonesia","tag-bahasa-kalimantan-tengah","tag-bahasa-kebakaran-hutan","tag-bahasa-lahan-gambut","tag-bahasa-perubahan-iklim","tag-bahasa-redd","tag-bahasa-redd-indonesia","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pionir REDD+ atau kelinci percobaan? - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49249\/pionir-redd-atau-kelinci-percobaan\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pionir REDD+ atau kelinci percobaan?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pada 2012, Kalimantan Tengah dipilih sebagai provinsi percontohan Reduksi Emisi dari Deforestasi dan Degradasi Hutan (REDD+). 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