{"id":492,"date":"1999-04-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1999-04-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/wordpress\/?p=492"},"modified":"2015-10-07T16:37:47","modified_gmt":"2015-10-07T09:37:47","slug":"subsidi-sebagai-insentif-pengembangan-hutan-tanaman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/492\/subsidi-sebagai-insentif-pengembangan-hutan-tanaman","title":{"rendered":"Subsidi sebagai insentif pengembangan hutan tanaman"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hampir semua negara di Amerika Latin menyubsidi kegiatan hutan tanaman mereka. Subsidi ini bisa berbentuk keringanan pajak, pinjaman berbunga rendah, pembayaran langsung, penyediaan makanan untuk melaksanakan program ini, bantuan bibit tanaman, dan bantuan teknis gratis. Dalam beberapa tahun pertama pelaksanaan program ini, Brasil dan Uruguay telah berhasil mengurangi beban subsidi mereka, tetapi negara-negara lainnya seperti Kolombia, Ekuador, dan Paraguay justru kewalahan menanggungnya.<\/p>\n<p>Dalam papernya yang berjudul \u2019Financing Forest Investment: The Issue of Incentives\u2019, Olli Haltia dan Kari Keipi mengkaji isu tentang subsidi ini. Dalam paper ini diberikan dua contoh kasus dari Brasil dan Costa Rica, dimana pemberian subsidi ini dianggap berhasil, dan satu contoh kasus di Chili, di mana subsidi dianggap tidak perlu dilakukan. Dalam dua studi kasus pertama, berbagai manfaat sosial dari kegiatan hutan tanaman lebih banyak dari biaya yang dikeluarkan, tetapi dari perspektif sektor swasta, kegiatan ini dianggap tidak menguntungkan. Para pemilik hutan tanaman tidak bisa merakup semua manfaat lingkungan yang diperoleh dari kegiatan hutan tanaman, dan banyak di antara mereka yang mengalami kesulitan untuk mendapatkan pinjaman yang cukup murah untuk kegiatan investasi jangka panjang yang penuh risiko, seperti pembangunan hutan tanaman. Sebaliknya, di Chili, para pemilik lahan tidak memerlukan subsidi untuk menanam pohon karena mereka bisa mendapatkan cukup banyak keuntungan hutan tanaman mereka.<\/p>\n<p>Jika pemberian ini diterapkan, sebaiknya jumlahnya tidak melebihi yang diperlukan untuk meyakinkan para pemilik lahan untuk menanam dan memelihara hutan tanaman mereka. Para pembuat kebijakan dan perencana proyek dapat menargetkan lokasi yang tepat untuk kegiatan penanaman yang akan memberikan manfaat lingkungan yang paling besar. Pemerintah dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis pajak untuk mengembalikan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk memberikan subsidi atau insentif. Mungkin pemerintah ingin menghindari insentif fiskal berupa keringanan pajak, karena sebenarnya pemerintah tidak menarik pajak langsung dari petani skala kecil. Untuk mengatasi masalah likuiditas para pemilik lahan skala kecil ini, mungkin beberapa bank dapat diajak untuk memberikan pinjaman kepada mereka dengan menggunakan nilai kebun mereka di masa depan sebagai agunan untuk pinjaman yang mereka terima.<\/p>\n<p>Paper yang ditulis oleh Haltia dan Keipi\u2019s ini merupakan bagian dari seri \u2019Forest Resource Policy in Latin America\u2019, yang diterbitkan oleh Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) yang juga berisi bab-bab tentang berbagai kebijakan konsesional, masalah-masalah perdagangan, hak-hak properti, masyarakat indijenus, dan berbagai kebijakan kehutanan lainnya.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jika anda ingin mendapatkan paper oleh Haltia dan Keipi\u2019s, silakan menghubungi Kari Keipi ke alamat mailto:karik@iadb.org<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":35311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6090],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12237],"tag-bahasa":[2725,2580,2670,2547,2554],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3087],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[4903],"class_list":["post-492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests-news","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-latin-america","tag-bahasa-amerika-latin","tag-bahasa-investasi","tag-bahasa-kepemilikan-dan-hak-atas-lahan","tag-bahasa-keuangan","tag-bahasa-tata-kelola-hutan","type-bahasa-analisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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