{"id":49180,"date":"2017-04-03T16:00:56","date_gmt":"2017-04-03T09:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/?p=49180"},"modified":"2018-02-07T15:49:02","modified_gmt":"2018-02-07T08:49:02","slug":"bukan-sekadar-menempelkan-label-harga-pada-bumi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49180\/bukan-sekadar-menempelkan-label-harga-pada-bumi","title":{"rendered":"Bukan sekadar menempelkan label harga pada bumi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti itu yang berusaha dipahami para peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional dan para mitra dalam penelitian terbaru<\/a> mereka.<\/p>\n

Penelitian ini mencoba menyusun \u2018mazhab baru\u2019 dalam praktik penilaian ekosistem, yang memungkinkan pembobotan beragam nilai dalam membuat keputusan pemanfaatan lahan.<\/p>\n

\u201cPenilaian ekosistem seringkali sulit dan kontroversial. Ekonomi klasik sering dikritik karena mencoba menaruh label harga pada alam,\u201d kata Dr. Sander Jacobs, peneliti Institut Penelitian Alam dan Hutan (Research Institute for Nature and Forest), sekaligus ketua tim peneliti.<\/p>\n

Jacobs menyatakan, salah satu masalahnya adalah ketika membicarakan penilaian, orang berpikir soal uang. Namun, dalam ekonomi ekologi, kata itu memiliki makna luas.<\/p>\n

\u201cKita semua menilai, setiap saat, ketika membuat keputusan,\u201d kata Jacobs.<\/p>\n

\u201cPenilaian dalam arti luas adalah menetapkan urgensi, dan dalam konteks ekosistem hal ini berarti melihat bagaimana masyarakat menilai lingkungannya \u2013 tidak hanya secara ekonomi, namun juga secara sosial, budaya dan ekologi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Seiring dengan respon dunia menghadapi tantangan perubahan iklim, dan berkembangnya kesadaran mengenai dampak buruk sosial dan lingkungan, muncul kebutuhan mendesak mengintegrasikan beragam nilai alam secara lebih komprehensif dan transparan dalam keputusan dan tindakan.<\/p>\n

\u201cBadan pemerintah yang bertanggungjawab melindungi dan mengelola sumber daya alam seringkali harus membuat keputusan sulit mengenai pemanfaatan lahan dan sumber daya,\u201d kata Jacobs.<\/p>\n

\u201cKebutuhan lingkungan dan manusia bisa selaras, namun seringkali juga ada timbal balik. Mengabaikan nilai tertentu dalam keputusan bisa berdampak buruk bagi semua orang.\u201d<\/p>\n

LEBIH DARI NILAI UANG <\/strong><\/p>\n

Selama beberapa dekade, terjadi perdebatan ilmiah antara mazhab uang dan non-uang dalam penilaian ekosistem. Dalam rangka menghadapi tantangan global terkini, sekelompok peneliti menyatakan perlunya pendekatan baru \u2013 yang mampu menyeimbangkan pertimbangan ekologi, sosiokultur dan ekonomi, dalam mencapai pengambilan keputusan yang terinformasi dan lebih adil.<\/p>\n

\u201cKita perlu budaya baru, cara baru dalam menilai,\u201d kata Jacobs.<\/p>\n

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\u201cSemua orang tahu pendekatan utama yang kita ikuti adalah pendekatan bersifat uang, terutama karena banyak alat dan metodenya, dan banyak pula ahli ekonominya. Namun, ketika didekati pada praktik kehidupan nyata, pendekatan metoda-tunggal seperti ini ada kelemahannya. Kami menemukan, yang diperlukan adalah mazhab baru penilaian yang menggunakan pendekatan kohesif dan inklusif, bukan sekadar mempertentangkan satu (metode) dengan yang lain.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cPengambil keputusan perlu melihat informasi ekonomi dan berkata, \u2018Menarik, tetapi sekarang saya juga perlu data sosial dan ekologi untuk memberi penilaian penuh,\u201d tambahnya. \u201cDan ketika kita melihat realitas \u2013 konteks kehidupan nyata di mana keputusan diambil \u2013 pengambil keputusan menimbang beragam nilai berbeda. Mereka hanya perlu menyeimbangkan informasi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

PENDEKATAN BERHASIL GUNA <\/strong><\/p>\n

Para peneliti melandasi temuannya pada lebih dari dua lusin penelitian, meliputi subyek yang terentang mulai dari perencanaan kota di Prancis hingga dampak penyuntikan air di Australia, dan pergulatan sosial dalam konflik lingkungan di Kolumbia. Semua ini dipresentasikan bersama dengan kelengkapan mazhab penilaian dalam edisi khusus jurnal Ecosystem Services<\/em>, dilengkapi oleh landasan teoritis penilaian dan isu kembar mengenai nilai bersama.<\/p>\n

Inisiatif kebijakan terbaru seperti Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDG) dan Wahana Sains-Kebijakan Keragaman Hayati dan Jasa Ekosistem (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services\/IPBES), yang menilai kondisi keragaman hayati dan jasa ekosistem mengantar masyarakat — yang juga dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian ini — menemukan bahwa pendekatan penilaian terintegrasi yang memberi hasil positif.<\/p>\n

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\u201cYang menarik dari IPBES ini, adalah penilaiannya memiliki legitimasi politik: pemerintah, LSM dan masyarakat adat terwakili, dan mereka menyepakati kesimpulan-kesimpulan pentingnya,\u201d kata Jacobs.<\/p>\n

\u201cJadi terbentuk pesan yang kuat. Misalnya, ilmuwan dan LSM sudah tahu bahwa pestisida menyakiti lebah, dan melalui IPBES, hal ini menjadi fakta politis yang dapat meningkatkan aksi dan memberi dampak besar pada keputusan kebijakan masa depan.\u201d<\/p>\n

IPBES mendorong pendekatan penilaian terintegrasi dalam cara global menilai alam, yang akan dimasukkan dalam penelitian ini, bersama dengan penelitian lain yang dilakukan di seluruh dunia.<\/p>\n

Penilaian IPBES menggunakan \u2018tiga dimensi\u2019: nilai alam itu sendiri, terlepas dari manfaatnya bagi kemanusiaan itu sendiri; kontribusi alam pada kemanusiaan; dan ketinggian kualitas hidup dalam hubungan dengan alam.<\/p>\n

\u201cPenting untuk mengisi kesenjangan pengetahuan di tiga bidang ini,\u201d kata Jacobs. \u201cNamun menggembirakan sekali melihat tiga konsep ini diintegrasikan ke dalam dokumen politik tingkat tinggi.\u201d<\/p>\n

TIDAK ADA PELURU PERAK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Penelitian menyatakan, bahwa agar berdampak lebih dari sekadar teori akademis, para peneliti penilai ekosistem perlu belajar dari metode menerapkan penilaian dunia-nyata, berbagi keberhasilan dan kegagalan, dan secara aktif menyusun proses penelitian agar sesuai dengan realitas di lapangan.<\/p>\n

\u201cTentu saja, tidak ada peluru perak,\u201d kata Jacobs. \u201cIlmuwan inginnya bisa mempresentasikannya, tapi ini tidak ada. Kita harus mengadaptasikan metode ini pada setiap konteks tunggal, dan inilah pesan utamanya. Tidak ada pola sempurna.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pada akhirnya, kata Jacobs, para peneliti harus bertanya pada diri sendiri: \u2018Untuk apa saya melakukan penelitian ini, digunakan untuk apa, dan siapa yang akan terdampak?\u2019 Pada titik ini, para peneliti harus secara hati-hati memasukkan nilai keseluruhan pemangku kepentingan, khususnya yang berisiko kurang terwakili dalam proses pengambilan keputusan.<\/p>\n

\u201cIlmuwan penilai harus pergi ke lapangan dan melihat realitas langsung sebelum memikirkan metode atau kepakaran yang diperlukan. Kita perlu melibatkan seluruh dimensi nilai dan mempertimbangkan satu demi satu untuk menentukan keputusan,\u201d kata Jacobs.<\/p>\n

\u201cKita, sebagai ilmuwan, perlu melampaui level teoritis. Kita harus menyelesaikan masalah nyata.\u201d<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti itu yang berusaha dipahami para peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional dan para mitra dalam penelitian terbaru mereka. Penelitian ini mencoba menyusun \u2018mazhab baru\u2019 dalam praktik penilaian ekosistem, yang memungkinkan pembobotan beragam nilai dalam membuat keputusan pemanfaatan lahan. \u201cPenilaian ekosistem seringkali sulit dan kontroversial. Ekonomi klasik sering dikritik karena mencoba menaruh label harga pada […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":214,"featured_media":49206,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[137,6090,173,1072],"tags":[],"language":[2171],"location":[12215],"tag-bahasa":[2587,6975,2489,6974,2822],"tag-espanol":[],"tag-francais":[],"type-espanol":[],"type-bahasa":[3099],"type-english":[],"type-francais":[],"coauthors":[6193],"class_list":["post-49180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forest-management-restoration","category-forests-news","category-gender-justice-tenure","category-landscapes","language-bahasa-indonesia","location-global","tag-bahasa-bentang-alam","tag-bahasa-ipbes","tag-bahasa-keanekaragaman-hayati","tag-bahasa-kebijakan-lingkungan","tag-bahasa-tujuan-pembangunan-berkelanjutan","type-bahasa-berita"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBukan sekadar menempelkan label harga pada bumi - Landscape Alliance Forests News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forestsnews.org\/id\/49180\/bukan-sekadar-menempelkan-label-harga-pada-bumi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"id_ID\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bukan sekadar menempelkan label harga pada bumi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti itu yang berusaha dipahami para peneliti Pusat Penelitian Kehutanan Internasional dan para mitra dalam penelitian terbaru mereka. 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